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Zbigniew Oleśnicki | A Wisdom Archive on Zbigniew Oleśnicki | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki A selection of articles related to Zbigniew Oleśnicki | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Zbigniew Oleśnicki | | | |  Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Family name - English-speaking countriesAlmost all surnames of English origin fall into just four types:
Occupations (e.g. Smith, Baker, Archer)
Personal characteristics (e.g. Short, Brown, Whitehead)
Places & geographical features (e.g. Scott, Hill, Rivers, Windsor)
Ancestry, often based on a first name (e.g. Richardson, James) or, if we include surnames of Scottish origin; clan (e.g. Macdonald, Forbes).
These surname types describe respectively the occupation, personal characteristics, location/origin, and ancestry (typic ...
See also:Family name, Family name - English-speaking countries, Family name - French-speaking countries, Family name - Ireland, Family name - Irish surname prefixes, Family name - Italy, Family name - Greece, Family name - Pakistan, Family name - Portugal and Brazil, Family name - Spain and Hispanic areas, Family name - The Philippines, Family name - Iceland, Family name - Scandinavia, Family name - The Netherlands, Family name - Belgium, Family name - Russia, Family name - Poland, Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames, Family name - Romania, Family name - India and Indonesia, Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea, Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam, Family name - Mongolia Read more here: » Family name: Encyclopedia II - Family name - English-speaking countries |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Family name - English-speaking countries Almost all surnames of English origin fall into just four types:
Occupations (e.g. Smith, Baker, Archer)
Personal characteristics (e.g. Short, Brown, Whitehead)
Places & geographical features (e.g. Scott, Hill, Rivers, Windsor)
For those descended from peers, the name of their holdings.
Ancestry, often based on a first name (e.g. Richardson, James) or, if we include surnames ...
See also:Family name, Family name - English-speaking countries, Family name - French-speaking countries, Family name - Ireland, Family name - Irish surname prefixes, Family name - Italy, Family name - Greece, Family name - Pakistan, Family name - Portugal and Brazil, Family name - Spain and Hispanic areas, Family name - The Philippines, Family name - Iceland, Family name - Finland, Family name - Scandinavia, Family name - The Netherlands, Family name - Belgium, Family name - Russia, Family name - Poland, Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames, Family name - Romania, Family name - India and Indonesia, Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea, Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam, Family name - Mongolia Read more here: » Family name: Encyclopedia II - Family name - English-speaking countries |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Thirteen Years' War - Overview
Thirteen Years' War - First phase.
The first land operations (February - August 1454) were carried out by Prussian state conscripts, supported by Czech mercenaries from Moravia, Lesser Poland, etc. This force, commanded by Ścibor Bażynski (Scibor von Baysen, brother of Johannes von Baysen), tried to besiege the Grand Master Ludvik von Erlichhausen in the city and castle of Malbork, but without much success, due to the professional command of Heinri ...
See also:Thirteen Years' War, Thirteen Years' War - Preliminaries, Thirteen Years' War - Reasons behind the war, Thirteen Years' War - International situation, Thirteen Years' War - The Forces of the Belligerents, Thirteen Years' War - Overview, Thirteen Years' War - First phase, Thirteen Years' War - Second phase, Thirteen Years' War - Aftermath, Thirteen Years' War - Important persons Read more here: » Thirteen Years' War: Encyclopedia II - Thirteen Years' War - Overview |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Family name - English-speaking countries Almost all surnames of English origin fall into just four types:
Occupations (e.g. Smith, Baker, Archer)
Personal characteristics (e.g. Short, Brown, Whitehead)
Places & geographical features (e.g. Scott, Hill, Rivers, Windsor)
Ancestry, often based on a first name (e.g. Richardson, James) or, if we include surnames of Scottish origin, clan (e.g. Macdonald, Forbes).
These surname types describe respectively the occupation, personal characteristics, location/origin, and ancestry (typic ...
See also:Family name, Family name - English-speaking countries, Family name - French-speaking countries, Family name - Ireland, Family name - Irish surname prefixes, Family name - Italy, Family name - Greece, Family name - Pakistan, Family name - Portugal and Brazil, Family name - Spain and Hispanic areas, Family name - The Philippines, Family name - Iceland, Family name - Finland, Family name - Scandinavia, Family name - The Netherlands, Family name - Belgium, Family name - Russia, Family name - Poland, Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames, Family name - Romania, Family name - India and Indonesia, Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea, Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam, Family name - Mongolia Read more here: » Family name: Encyclopedia II - Family name - English-speaking countries |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Family name - Romania In Romania family names traditionally have an English-like usage: a child inherits his father's family name, and a wife takes her husband's last name. There are however exceptions and social pressure to follow this tradition is not particularly strong in most families.
Until the XIX century the names were primarily of the form "name father's name grandfather's name". The few exceptions are usually famous people or the nobility (boyars). The name reform introduced around 1850, had the names changed to a western style, most likely imported from France: ...
See also:Family name, Family name - English-speaking countries, Family name - French-speaking countries, Family name - Ireland, Family name - Irish surname prefixes, Family name - Italy, Family name - Greece, Family name - Pakistan, Family name - Portugal and Brazil, Family name - Spain and Hispanic areas, Family name - The Philippines, Family name - Iceland, Family name - Finland, Family name - Scandinavia, Family name - The Netherlands, Family name - Belgium, Family name - Russia, Family name - Poland, Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames, Family name - Romania, Family name - India and Indonesia, Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea, Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam, Family name - Mongolia Read more here: » Family name: Encyclopedia II - Family name - Romania |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames Until a few hundred years ago, Ashkenazim (Jews from Northern and Eastern Europe) followed no tradition of surnames, but used patronymics within the synagogue, and matronymics in other venues. For example, a boy named Joseph of a father named Isaac would be called to the Torah as Joseph ben Isaac. That same boy of a mother named Rachel would be known in business as Joseph ben Rachel. A male used the He ...
See also:Family name, Family name - English-speaking countries, Family name - French-speaking countries, Family name - Ireland, Family name - Irish surname prefixes, Family name - Italy, Family name - Greece, Family name - Pakistan, Family name - Portugal and Brazil, Family name - Spain and Hispanic areas, Family name - The Philippines, Family name - Iceland, Family name - Finland, Family name - Scandinavia, Family name - The Netherlands, Family name - Belgium, Family name - Russia, Family name - Poland, Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames, Family name - Romania, Family name - India and Indonesia, Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea, Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam, Family name - Mongolia Read more here: » Family name: Encyclopedia II - Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Family name - Russia A full Russian name consists of personal (given) name, patronymic, and family name (surname).
Probably the majority of Russian family names originated from patronymics, that is, father's name in genitive case:
name + suffix -ov(a) or -ev(a)
(it should be noted, though, that contemporaty patronymics have additional suffixes -ich and -na for masculine and feminine, respectively).
Here is, for example, the proverbial triad of most common Russian surnames:
Ivanov (son of Ivan),
Petrov (son of Petr),
Sid ...
See also:Family name, Family name - English-speaking countries, Family name - French-speaking countries, Family name - Ireland, Family name - Irish surname prefixes, Family name - Italy, Family name - Greece, Family name - Pakistan, Family name - Portugal and Brazil, Family name - Spain and Hispanic areas, Family name - The Philippines, Family name - Iceland, Family name - Finland, Family name - Scandinavia, Family name - The Netherlands, Family name - Belgium, Family name - Russia, Family name - Poland, Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames, Family name - Romania, Family name - India and Indonesia, Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea, Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam, Family name - Mongolia Read more here: » Family name: Encyclopedia II - Family name - Russia |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Family name - Scandinavia In Scandinavia family names often, but certainly not always, originate from a patronymic. In Sweden, the patronymic ending is -sson, e.g. Karlsson ("Karl's son"). In Denmark and Norway, the corresponding ending is -sen, as in Karlsen. Names ending with dotter/datter (daughter), such as Olofsdotter, are rare but occurring, and only apply to females. Today, the patronymic names are passed on similarly to family names in other Western countries, and a person's father doesn't have to be called ...
See also:Family name, Family name - English-speaking countries, Family name - French-speaking countries, Family name - Ireland, Family name - Irish surname prefixes, Family name - Italy, Family name - Greece, Family name - Pakistan, Family name - Portugal and Brazil, Family name - Spain and Hispanic areas, Family name - The Philippines, Family name - Iceland, Family name - Finland, Family name - Scandinavia, Family name - The Netherlands, Family name - Belgium, Family name - Russia, Family name - Poland, Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames, Family name - Romania, Family name - India and Indonesia, Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea, Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam, Family name - Mongolia Read more here: » Family name: Encyclopedia II - Family name - Scandinavia |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Family name - India and Indonesia Similar patronymic customs exist in some parts of India and Indonesia. A patronymic system is often followed in southern regions of India with a wife or child taking the name of the husband or father. Village names are also often used. However in north India the family name or last name is crucial as it links a person to their caste and clan.
In the Sikh religion, men and women are accorded equality of status which ...
See also:Family name, Family name - English-speaking countries, Family name - French-speaking countries, Family name - Ireland, Family name - Irish surname prefixes, Family name - Italy, Family name - Greece, Family name - Pakistan, Family name - Portugal and Brazil, Family name - Spain and Hispanic areas, Family name - The Philippines, Family name - Iceland, Family name - Finland, Family name - Scandinavia, Family name - The Netherlands, Family name - Belgium, Family name - Russia, Family name - Poland, Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames, Family name - Romania, Family name - India and Indonesia, Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea, Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam, Family name - Mongolia Read more here: » Family name: Encyclopedia II - Family name - India and Indonesia |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Family name - Poland In Poland and most of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth the surnames first appeared in late Middle Ages. Initially their purpose was to denote the differences between various people living in the same town or village and bearing the same name. The conventions used were very similar to English family names: initially names were simple nouns denoting the occupation (Karczmarz - Innkeeper, Kowal - Blacksmith, Bednarczyk - Young Cooper), descent (patronymic names like Szczepaniak - Son of Szczepan, Józefski - ...
See also:Family name, Family name - English-speaking countries, Family name - French-speaking countries, Family name - Ireland, Family name - Irish surname prefixes, Family name - Italy, Family name - Greece, Family name - Pakistan, Family name - Portugal and Brazil, Family name - Spain and Hispanic areas, Family name - The Philippines, Family name - Iceland, Family name - Finland, Family name - Scandinavia, Family name - The Netherlands, Family name - Belgium, Family name - Russia, Family name - Poland, Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames, Family name - Romania, Family name - India and Indonesia, Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea, Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam, Family name - Mongolia Read more here: » Family name: Encyclopedia II - Family name - Poland |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam In Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Hungarian cultures, the family name is placed before the given names. So the terms "first name" and "last name" are potentially confusing and should be avoided, as they do not in this case denote the given and family names respectively.
Some Chinese add an English given name in front of their Chinese name, e.g. Martin LEE Chu-ming. In addition, many Chinese Americans have an English first name which is commonly used and a Chinese name which is used as a middle name, e.g. Mar ...
See also:Family name, Family name - English-speaking countries, Family name - French-speaking countries, Family name - Ireland, Family name - Irish surname prefixes, Family name - Italy, Family name - Greece, Family name - Pakistan, Family name - Portugal and Brazil, Family name - Spain and Hispanic areas, Family name - The Philippines, Family name - Iceland, Family name - Finland, Family name - Scandinavia, Family name - The Netherlands, Family name - Belgium, Family name - Russia, Family name - Poland, Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames, Family name - Romania, Family name - India and Indonesia, Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea, Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam, Family name - Mongolia Read more here: » Family name: Encyclopedia II - Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Thirteen Years' War - International situation In 1454 Poland was in conflict with Lithuania, which meant that although Casimir IV was Grand Duke of Lithuania as well as King of Poland, Lithuania sent no aid during the whole war to Poland, and didn't participate in it, except for a few raids without any impact on the result of the war. There was also the threat of attack by Russia and by the Ottoman Turks who in 1453 sacked Constantinople.
Elsewhere, the international situation was quite good for Poland -- no-one apart from the main combatants was likely to intervene. The southern ...
See also:Thirteen Years' War, Thirteen Years' War - Preliminaries, Thirteen Years' War - Reasons behind the war, Thirteen Years' War - International situation, Thirteen Years' War - The Forces of the Belligerents, Thirteen Years' War - Overview, Thirteen Years' War - First phase, Thirteen Years' War - Second phase, Thirteen Years' War - Aftermath, Thirteen Years' War - Important persons Read more here: » Thirteen Years' War: Encyclopedia II - Thirteen Years' War - International situation |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Thirteen Years' War - The Forces of the Belligerents The main part of the Polish army of that period was conscripted. All noblemen from the class known as the Szlachta, when called by the king, had to appear with their village-mayors and village-administrators. Cities gave wagons with horses, food, and service to them (including escorts). Units were divided into choragwie (standards) of two kinds: family, which were made by very large clans, and land which were from nobles from particular territory. Peasants also participated as infantrymen. The highest comman ...
See also:Thirteen Years' War, Thirteen Years' War - Preliminaries, Thirteen Years' War - Reasons behind the war, Thirteen Years' War - International situation, Thirteen Years' War - The Forces of the Belligerents, Thirteen Years' War - Overview, Thirteen Years' War - First phase, Thirteen Years' War - Second phase, Thirteen Years' War - Aftermath, Thirteen Years' War - Important persons Read more here: » Thirteen Years' War: Encyclopedia II - Thirteen Years' War - The Forces of the Belligerents |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Thirteen Years' War - Preliminaries
Thirteen Years' War - Reasons behind the war.
In the 15th century, the states of Prussia saw the rapid economic development of their cities. However this was not followed by an increase in their political influence. The rule of the Teutonic Knights was seen as more and more anachronistic — taxes (funt customs) and the system of grain licences (every trader had to pay large fees for the privilege of trading grain) were hindering economic development in the province. At the same time the gentry wanted a bi ...
See also:Thirteen Years' War, Thirteen Years' War - Preliminaries, Thirteen Years' War - Reasons behind the war, Thirteen Years' War - International situation, Thirteen Years' War - The Forces of the Belligerents, Thirteen Years' War - Overview, Thirteen Years' War - First phase, Thirteen Years' War - Second phase, Thirteen Years' War - Aftermath, Thirteen Years' War - Important persons Read more here: » Thirteen Years' War: Encyclopedia II - Thirteen Years' War - Preliminaries |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea In most of Ethiopia and Eritrea, a patronymic custom exists. Children are given the father's exact first name as their surname.
Common tigrinya names include Gebrezghi (worker of God), Hailesellasie (Power of the Trinity), Hailemariam (Power of the Virgin Mary), Desta (joy) , Abraha (bright), Araya (example), Berhane (Light) , Hagos (happiness) , Gebremichael (work of Michael) , Demoz (sal ...
See also:Family name, Family name - English-speaking countries, Family name - French-speaking countries, Family name - Ireland, Family name - Irish surname prefixes, Family name - Italy, Family name - Greece, Family name - Pakistan, Family name - Portugal and Brazil, Family name - Spain and Hispanic areas, Family name - The Philippines, Family name - Iceland, Family name - Finland, Family name - Scandinavia, Family name - The Netherlands, Family name - Belgium, Family name - Russia, Family name - Poland, Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames, Family name - Romania, Family name - India and Indonesia, Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea, Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam, Family name - Mongolia Read more here: » Family name: Encyclopedia II - Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Family name - The Philippines Until the middle of the 19th century, there was no standardization of surnames in the Philippines. There were native Filipinos without surnames, others whose surnames deliberately did not match that of their families, as well as those who took certain surnames simply because they had a certain prestige, usually ones dealing with the Roman Catholic religion, such as de los Santos and de la Cruz.
In 1849, the Spanish governor Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa decreed an end to these arbitrary practices, the result of which was t ...
See also:Family name, Family name - English-speaking countries, Family name - French-speaking countries, Family name - Ireland, Family name - Irish surname prefixes, Family name - Italy, Family name - Greece, Family name - Pakistan, Family name - Portugal and Brazil, Family name - Spain and Hispanic areas, Family name - The Philippines, Family name - Iceland, Family name - Finland, Family name - Scandinavia, Family name - The Netherlands, Family name - Belgium, Family name - Russia, Family name - Poland, Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames, Family name - Romania, Family name - India and Indonesia, Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea, Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam, Family name - Mongolia Read more here: » Family name: Encyclopedia II - Family name - The Philippines |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Family name - French-speaking countries French-speaking countries have many similarities to English-speaking ones in the way family names are used. In France and the Canadian province of Quebec, name change upon marriage shit is no longer automatic. Those who wish to change their name upon marriage must follow the same legal procedure as would be used under any other circumstance.
In France, until January 1, 2005, children were required by law to take the surname of their father. From this date, article 311-21 of the French Civil code permits parents to give their children ...
See also:Family name, Family name - English-speaking countries, Family name - French-speaking countries, Family name - Ireland, Family name - Irish surname prefixes, Family name - Italy, Family name - Greece, Family name - Pakistan, Family name - Portugal and Brazil, Family name - Spain and Hispanic areas, Family name - The Philippines, Family name - Iceland, Family name - Finland, Family name - Scandinavia, Family name - The Netherlands, Family name - Belgium, Family name - Russia, Family name - Poland, Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames, Family name - Romania, Family name - India and Indonesia, Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea, Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam, Family name - Mongolia Read more here: » Family name: Encyclopedia II - Family name - French-speaking countries |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea In most of Ethiopia and Eritrea, a patronymic custom exists. Children are given the father's exact first name as their surname.
Common Tigrinya names include Gebrezghi (worker of God), Hailesellasie (Power of the Trinity), Hailemariam (Power of the Virgin Mary), Desta (joy), Abraha (bright), Araya (example), Berhane (Light) , Hagos (happiness), Gebremichael (work of Michael), Demoz (salary meaning gift) , Tewoldeberhan (son of light)
...
See also:Family name, Family name - English-speaking countries, Family name - French-speaking countries, Family name - Ireland, Family name - Irish surname prefixes, Family name - Italy, Family name - Greece, Family name - Pakistan, Family name - Portugal and Brazil, Family name - Spain and Hispanic areas, Family name - The Philippines, Family name - Iceland, Family name - Finland, Family name - Scandinavia, Family name - The Netherlands, Family name - Belgium, Family name - Russia, Family name - Poland, Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames, Family name - Romania, Family name - India and Indonesia, Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea, Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam, Family name - Mongolia Read more here: » Family name: Encyclopedia II - Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Family name - Italy See also: Italian surnames category.
Italian names are mostly derived from Latin, but since Italy has been often ruled by foreigners, many surnames are of Spanish, French, German, Norman or Swiss origin (and thus often Romance language names). Beginning in the 14th century, it became necessary to add a second name to distinguish between individuals with the same surname.
Italian surnames are especially easy to recognize because most end in a vowel—like nearly all words in Standard Italian—and many of them have been derived from descriptive nicknames.
Italian surnam ...
See also:Family name, Family name - English-speaking countries, Family name - French-speaking countries, Family name - Ireland, Family name - Irish surname prefixes, Family name - Italy, Family name - Greece, Family name - Pakistan, Family name - Portugal and Brazil, Family name - Spain and Hispanic areas, Family name - The Philippines, Family name - Iceland, Family name - Finland, Family name - Scandinavia, Family name - The Netherlands, Family name - Belgium, Family name - Russia, Family name - Poland, Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames, Family name - Romania, Family name - India and Indonesia, Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea, Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam, Family name - Mongolia Read more here: » Family name: Encyclopedia II - Family name - Italy |
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| | | | Zbigniew Oleśnicki: Encyclopedia II - Family name - The Philippines Until the middle of the 19th century, there was no standardization of surnames in the Philippines. There were native Filipinos without surnames, others whose surnames deliberately did not match that of their families, as well as those who took certain surnames simply because they had a certain prestige, usually ones dealing with the Roman Catholic religion, such as de los Santos and de la Cruz.
In 1849, the Spanish governor Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa decreed an end to these arbitrary practices, the result of which was t ...
See also:Family name, Family name - English-speaking countries, Family name - French-speaking countries, Family name - Ireland, Family name - Irish surname prefixes, Family name - Italy, Family name - Greece, Family name - Pakistan, Family name - Portugal and Brazil, Family name - Spain and Hispanic areas, Family name - The Philippines, Family name - Iceland, Family name - Scandinavia, Family name - The Netherlands, Family name - Belgium, Family name - Russia, Family name - Poland, Family name - Ashkenazi Jewish surnames, Family name - Romania, Family name - India and Indonesia, Family name - Ethiopia/Eritrea, Family name - China Hungary Japan Korea and Vietnam, Family name - Mongolia Read more here: » Family name: Encyclopedia II - Family name - The Philippines |
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More material related to Zbigniew Olenicki can be found here:
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