Yosef Karo

Rabbi Yosef (Joseph) Ben Ephraim Karo is one of the most important leaders in the history of halakha (Jewish law). He was born in Spain or Portugal in 1488; he died at Safed (Tzefat), Israel, March 24, 1575. He is also known as HaMechaber, Hebrew for "the author [of the Shulkhan Arukh]", his most famous work; and as Maran Beth Yosef, "our master, [the author of] Beth Yosef". Yosef Karo - Biography. If his birthplace was Spain, his family probably left for Portugal a ...

Including:

• Yosef Karo - Biography
• Yosef Karo - Authority recognized
• Yosef Karo - Works
• Yosef Karo - Maggid Mesharim
• Yosef Karo - Karo's Characteristics

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If his birthplace was Spain, his family probably left for Portugal after the Spanish expulsion in 1492. After the expulsion of the Jews from Portugal, in 1497, Karo went with his parents to Nicopolis in European Turkey, where he received his first instruction from his father, who was himself an eminent Talmudist. He married, first, Isaac Saba's daughter, and, after her death, the daughter of Hayyim Albalag, both of these men being well-known Talmudists. After the death of his second wife he married the daughter of Zechariah Sechsel (or perhaps Sa ...

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Yosef Karo, Yosef Karo - Biography, Yosef Karo - Authority recognized, Yosef Karo - Works, Yosef Karo - Maggid Mesharim, Yosef Karo - Karo's Characteristics

Read more here: » Yosef Karo: Encyclopedia II - Yosef Karo - Biography

Kabbalah (Hebrew קַבָּלָה "reception", Standard Hebrew Qabbala, Tiberian Hebrew Qabbālāh; also written variously as Cabala, Cabalah, Cabbala, Cabbalah, Kabala, Kabalah, Kabbala, Qabala, Qabalah, Kaballah) is an interpretation (exegesis, hermeneutic) key, "soul" of the Torah (Hebrew Bible), or the religious mystical system of Judaism claiming an insight into divine nature. Kabbalah is a doctrine of esoteric knowledge concerning God, God's creation of the universe and the laws of nature, and the path by whic ...

Including:

• Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism
• Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages
• Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal
• Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism
• Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s
• Kabbalah - The modern world
• Kabbalah - Primary texts
• Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil
• Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God
• Kabbalah - Sefirot
• Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view
• Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah
• Kabbalah - Foretelling the future
• Kabbalah - Practical applications
• Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism
• Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah
• Kabbalah - Criticisms
• Kabbalah - Dualism
• Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism
• Kabbalah - Early critiques
• Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society
• Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah
• Kabbalah - Fictional representations
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities
• Kabbalah - Footnotes

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Asher ben Jehiel (or Asher ben Yechiel) (1250 or 1259-1328) was an eminent rabbi and Talmudist best known for his abstract of Talmudic law. He is often referred to as Rabbenu Asher, “our Rabbi Asher” or by the Hebrew acronym for this title, the ROSH (literally "Head"). Asher ben Jehiel - Biography. The Rosh was born in western Germany and died in Toledo, Spain. His family was prominent for learning and piety, his father Jehiel was a Talmudist, and one of his ancestors was Rabbi Eli ...

Including:

• Asher ben Jehiel - Biography
• Asher ben Jehiel - Works

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Yoreh De'ah is a section of Rabbi Jacob ben Asher's compilation of halakha (Jewish law), Arba'ah Turim. This section treats all aspects of Jewish law not pertinent to the Jewish calendar, finance, torts, marriage, divorce, or sexual conduct. (Nevertheless there exists occasional overlap into the excluded areas). Yoreh De'ah is therefore the most diversified area of Jewish law. Later, Rabbi Yosef Karo modeled the framework of his own compilation of practical Jewish law, the Shulkhan Arukh after the Arba'ah Turim. Many lat ...

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Acharonim (אחרונים Hebrew - sing. Acharon) literally "the later ones", is a term used in Jewish law and history, to signify the leading Rabbis and Poskim living from roughly the 16th century to the present. The acharonim follow the Rishonim, the "first ones" - the rabbinic scholars between the 13th and the 16th century following the Geonim and preceding the Shulkhan Arukh. The publication of the Shulkhan Arukh thus marks the transition from the era of Rishonim to that of Acharonim. As Jewish law is hierarchic and precedent-based, the opinions of the Acharonim are valid insof ...

Including:

• Acharonim - Some Acharonim

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The numbers 14 88 are sometimes used as a code to express a racist message. 1488 - Births. January 6 - Helius Eobanus Hessus, German Latin poet (died 1540) March 19 - Johannes Magnus, last Catholic Archbishop of Sweden (d. 1544) Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden, Lord Chancellor of England Guillaume Gouffier, seigneur de Bonnivet, French soldier Antonio da Correggio, Italian painter (died 1534) Myles Coverdale, English Bib ...

Including:

• 1488 - Events
• 1488 - Births
• 1488 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1488: Encyclopedia - 1488

Yisrael Meir (HaCohen) Kagan, also known to students of Judaism as the Chofetz Chaim, was a rabbi, Halakhist and ethicist, born in Zhetel, Poland on February 6, 1838, and died in Radin, Poland, September 15, 1933. His legal surname was "Poupko" but this is seldom used. He was one of the most influential rabbis within Orthodox Judaism during the late 19th and early 20th century taking a central leadership role in the World Agudath Israel movement in Eastern Europe. He is best known by the name of his first book, Chafet ...

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Orthodox Judaism is the stream of Judaism which adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized in the Talmud ("The Oral Law") and later codified in the Shulkhan Arukh ("Code of Jewish Law"). It is governed by these works and the Rabbinical commentary of the last 1,000+ years. Orthodox Judaism is characterized by: The belief that the Torah (i.e. the Pentateuch) and its pertaining laws are "Divine": Transmitted by God to Moses who then wrote it down, and cannot be ...

Including:

• Orthodox Judaism - Subgroups
• Orthodox Judaism - Origin and definition of the name Orthodox
• Orthodox Judaism - The development of Orthodoxy
• Orthodox Judaism - Beliefs
• Orthodox Judaism - Beliefs about Jewish law and tradition
• Orthodox Judaism - Orthodox organizations and groups

Read more here: » Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia - Orthodox Judaism

Halakha (Hebrew: הלכה; also transliterated as Halakhah, Halacha, Halachah) is the collective corpus of Jewish rabbinic law, custom and tradition. Like the religious laws in many other cultures, Judaism classically drew no distinction in its laws between religious and non-religious life. Hence, Halakha guides not only religious practices and beliefs, but numerous aspects of day-to-day life. Historically, Halakha served many Jewish communities as an enforceable avenue of civil and religious law. In the mo ...

Including:

• Halakha - Terminology
• Halakha - The scope of Halakha
• Halakha - The laws of the Torah
• Halakha - Categories of law
• Halakha - Sin: violation of Jewish law
• Halakha - Gentiles and Jewish law
• Halakha - The sources and process of Halakha
• Halakha - Eras of history important in Jewish law
• Halakha - The thirteen rules by which Jewish law was derived
• Halakha - How Halakha is viewed today
• Halakha - Flexibility within the Halakha
• Halakha - Codes of Jewish law

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Avraham Yeshayahu Karelitz (also "Yishayahu", "Yeshayah", "Yeshayah", "Yishaya" - in English Abraham Isaiah Karelitz) (1878-1953) known by his pen name as the Chazon Ish (in Hebrew: "Vision [of] Man"), was a Lithuanian born Orthodox rabbi who became leader of Haredi Judaism in Israel. His final 20 years were in Israel from 1933 to 1953. Born in Kossow, Karelitz received his education from his father, head of the beth din (religious court) there. In 1911 he published his first work on Orach Chayim and other ...

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1575 - Events. February 13 - Henry III of France is crowned at Reims February 14 - Henry III of France marries Louise de Lorraine-Vaudémont June 28 - Oda Nobunaga defeats Takeda Katsuyori in the battle of Nagashino, which has been called Japan's first 'modern' battle. August 5 - Henry Sidney is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. October 10 - Battle of Dormans: Catholic forces under Duke Henry of Guise defeat the Protestants, capturing Philippe de Mornay among others.< ...

Including:

• 1575 - Events
• 1575 - Births
• 1575 - Deaths

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Strictures against astrology appear in the official Torah commentary of Conservative Judaism and on the official website of Reform Judaism, and a number of Conservative and Reform rabbis have written against the practice. Commenting on Deuteronomy 18:9-12, Etz Hayim, the official Torah commentary of Conservative Judaism writes "Hence the use of astrology is prohibited (BT Pesachim 113b)." Similarly, Rabbi Simchah Roth, a Conservative Masorti rabbi comments negatively on astrology in his "Halakhah Study Group" session. (Halakhah Study Group, Nov. 18 2003, ...

See also:

Jewish views of astrology, Jewish views of astrology - In the Bible, Jewish views of astrology - Rabbinic rejection of astrology, Jewish views of astrology - Rabbinic acceptance of astrology, Jewish views of astrology - Qualified acceptance; partial skepticism, Jewish views of astrology - In the medieval era, Jewish views of astrology - Moshe Chaim Luzzatto, Jewish views of astrology - Views in the modern era

Read more here: » Jewish views of astrology: Encyclopedia II - Jewish views of astrology - Views in the modern era

Rabbi Isserles was born in Kraków. His father was a prominent Talmudist, said to have been independently wealthy, and probably headed the community; his grandfather, Jehiel Luria, was the first Rabbi of Brisk. Isserles studied in Lublin under Rabbi Shalom Shachna, who became his father in law. Among his fellow pupils were his relative Solomon Luria (Maharshal), and Chayyim b. Bezalel, an older brother of the Maharal. Rema’s wife died young, at the age of 20 and he later established the “Rema Shul” in Kraków in her memory (originally ...

See also:

Moses Isserles, Moses Isserles - Biography, Moses Isserles - Works

Read more here: » Moses Isserles: Encyclopedia II - Moses Isserles - Biography

Orthodox Judaism's central belief is that the Torah, including both the Written Law and the Oral Law, was given directly from God to Moses and can never be altered or rejected in any way. Resultantly, all Jews are required to live in accordance with the Commandments and Jewish law. While belief in the divinity of the Torah and the right of the Sages and Rabbis to fully interpret and apply it is the primary unifying tenet of Orthodox Judaism, Orthodox Jews can be classified into several subgroups. These groups maintain significant soci ...

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Orthodox Judaism, Orthodox Judaism - Subgroups, Orthodox Judaism - Origin and definition of the name Orthodox, Orthodox Judaism - The development of Orthodoxy, Orthodox Judaism - Beliefs, Orthodox Judaism - Beliefs about Jewish law and tradition, Orthodox Judaism - Orthodox organizations and groups

Read more here: » Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia II - Orthodox Judaism - Subgroups

List of rabbis - Rabbis: 18th Century. Haim Isaac Carigal, rabbi in Newport, Rhode Island in 1773 who became great influence on Reverend Ezra Stiles, and therefore on Yale University Dovber of Mezeritch, (Maggid), 18th century Eastern European mystic, primary disciple of the Baal Shem Tov Elijah ben Solomon, (Gra), 18th century Talmudist and mystic, Lithuanian leader of the Mitnagdim, opponent of Hasidim Jacob Emden, 18th century German Talmu ...

See also:

List of rabbis, List of rabbis - Rabbis: Pre-Mishnaic, List of rabbis - Rabbis: Mishnaic Tannaim, List of rabbis - Rabbis: Talmudic Amoraim, List of rabbis - Rabbis: Middle Ages, List of rabbis - Rabbis: Later Middle Ages, List of rabbis - Rabbis: 18th Century, List of rabbis - Orthodox rabbis, List of rabbis - Orthodox rabbis: 19th Century, List of rabbis - Orthodox rabbis: 20th Century, List of rabbis - Orthodox rabbis: Contemporary, List of rabbis - Conservative rabbis, List of rabbis - Conservative rabbis: 19th Century, List of rabbis - Conservative rabbis: 20th Century, List of rabbis - Conservative rabbis: Contemporary, List of rabbis - Union for Traditional Judaism, List of rabbis - Reform rabbis, List of rabbis - Reform rabbis: 19th Century, List of rabbis - Reform rabbis: 20th Century, List of rabbis - Reconstructionist rabbis, List of rabbis - Reconstructionist rabbis: 20th Century, List of rabbis - Reconstructionist rabbis: Contemporary, List of rabbis - Other rabbis

Read more here: » List of rabbis: Encyclopedia II - List of rabbis - Rabbis: Later Middle Ages

The boundaries of Jewish law are determined through the halakhic process, a religious-ethical system of legal reasoning. Rabbis generally base their opinions on the primary sources of Halakha as well as on precedent set by previous rabbinic opinions. The major sources and genre of Halakha consulted include: The foundational Talmudic literature (especially the Mishna and the Babylonian Talmud) with commentaries; The post-Talmudic codificatory literature, such as Maimonides' Mishneh Torah and the Shulkhan Arukh with comme ...

See also:

Halakha, Halakha - Terminology, Halakha - The scope of Halakha, Halakha - The laws of the Torah, Halakha - Categories of law, Halakha - Sin: violation of Jewish law, Halakha - Gentiles and Jewish law, Halakha - The sources and process of Halakha, Halakha - Eras of history important in Jewish law, Halakha - The thirteen rules by which Jewish law was derived, Halakha - How Halakha is viewed today, Halakha - Flexibility within the Halakha, Halakha - Codes of Jewish law

Read more here: » Halakha: Encyclopedia II - Halakha - The sources and process of Halakha

According to halakha (Jewish law), a minyan is required for many parts (D'varim She Ba Kodesh "Holy utterances") of the communal prayer service, including Barechu, Kaddish, repetition of the Amidah, the priestly blessing, and the Torah and Haftarah readings. Women are not required to pray with a minyan, and thus Judaism has traditionally counted only men in the minyan for formal prayer. Rabbinic Judaism teaches that all men and women are obligated to pray to God each day, but the formal requirements ...

See also:

Minyan, Minyan - Laws, Minyan - Origin, Minyan - Customs, Minyan - Changes in non-Orthodox forms of Judaism

Read more here: » Minyan: Encyclopedia II - Minyan - Laws

The Rosh was born in western Germany and died in Toledo, Spain. His family was prominent for learning and piety, his father Jehiel was a Talmudist, and one of his ancestors was Rabbi Eliezer ben Nathan (the RaABaN). Asher had eight sons, the most prominent of whom were Judah and Jacob, author of the Arba'ah Turim code of Jewish law. His primary teacher was the Tosafist Rabbi Meir of Rothenburg, then in Worms. In addition to his studies, ROSH worked in money lending, and according to his own statement, was independently wealthy. In 128 ...

See also:

Asher ben Jehiel, Asher ben Jehiel - Biography, Asher ben Jehiel - Works

Read more here: » Asher ben Jehiel: Encyclopedia II - Asher ben Jehiel - Biography

Mishneh Torah - Critics and criticism. The Mishneh Torah was strongly opposed almost as soon as it appeared. Major sources of contention were the absence of sources and the fact that the work appeared to be intended to supersede study of the Talmud. Some criticisms appear to have been less rational in nature. The most sincere but influential opponent, whose comments are printed parallel to virtually all editions of the Mishneh Torah, was Rabbi Abraham ben David ...

See also:

Mishneh Torah, Mishneh Torah - Names of the work, Mishneh Torah - The books and sections, Mishneh Torah - Language and style, Mishneh Torah - Maimonides' sources, Mishneh Torah - Omissions, Mishneh Torah - Opposition, Mishneh Torah - Critics and criticism, Mishneh Torah - Maimonides' Reply, Mishneh Torah - Yonah of Gerona, Mishneh Torah - Influence, Mishneh Torah - Decisors, Mishneh Torah - Codes and commentators, Mishneh Torah - Present day, Mishneh Torah - English translations, Mishneh Torah - External link

Read more here: » Mishneh Torah: Encyclopedia II - Mishneh Torah - Opposition