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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Yongle Emperor | | | | |  Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Zheng He - The fleetsAccording to Chinese sources, the fleet comprised 30,000 men and over 300 ships at its height.
The 1405 expedition consisted of 27,800 men and 317 ships, composed of:
"Treasure ships", used by the commander of the fleet and his deputies (nine-masted, about 120 meters (400 ft) long and 50 m (160 ft) wide).
"Horse ships", carrying tribute goods and repair material for the fleet (eight-masted, about 103 m (339 ft) long and 42 m (138 ft) wide)
"Supply ships", containing food-staple for t ...
See also:Zheng He, Zheng He - Biography, Zheng He - Voyages, Zheng He - The fleets, Zheng He - Connection to the history of Late Imperial China, Zheng He - Cultural echoes, Zheng He - The Zheng He map Read more here: » Zheng He: Encyclopedia II - Zheng He - The fleets |
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| | | | | Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Ming Dynasty - Fall of the Ming Dynasty The fall of the Ming Dynasty was a protracted affair, its roots beginning as early as 1600 with the emergence of the Manchu state under Nurhaci. With superior artillery the Ming were able to repeatedly fight off the Manchu invaders, notably in 1623 and in 1628. However they were never able to capitalise on their victories and from 1629 onwards the Ming were wearied by a combination of internal strife and constant harassment of Northern China by the Manchu; who had turned to raiding tactics so as to avoid facing the Ming armies in open battle ...
See also:Ming Dynasty, Ming Dynasty - Origins, Ming Dynasty - Exploration to isolation, Ming Dynasty - Ming military conquests, Ming Dynasty - Agricultural Revolution, Ming Dynasty - Commerce Revolution, Ming Dynasty - The Ming Code, Ming Dynasty - Scrapping Prime Minister Post, Ming Dynasty - Decline of the Ming, Ming Dynasty - Building the the Great Wall, Ming Dynasty - The Network of Secret Agents, Ming Dynasty - Fall of the Ming Dynasty Read more here: » Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Ming Dynasty - Fall of the Ming Dynasty |
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| | | | | Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Ming Dynasty - Origins The Mongol Yuan Dynasty ruled before the establishment of the Ming Dynasty. During the rule, the Mongols' discrimination against the Han Chinese is often considered the primary cause for the end of Yuan rule in China. This finally led to a peasant revolt that pushed the Yuan dynasty back to the Mongolian steppes. Other causes include collusion with Tibetan llamas in depriving Chinese of their lands, paper currency over-circulation, which caused inflation to go up ten-fold during Yuan Emperor Shundi's reign, and the flooding of the Yellow Riv ...
See also:Ming Dynasty, Ming Dynasty - Origins, Ming Dynasty - Exploration to isolation, Ming Dynasty - Ming military conquests, Ming Dynasty - Agricultural Revolution, Ming Dynasty - Commerce Revolution, Ming Dynasty - The Ming Code, Ming Dynasty - Scrapping Prime Minister Post, Ming Dynasty - Decline of the Ming, Ming Dynasty - Building the the Great Wall, Ming Dynasty - The Network of Secret Agents, Ming Dynasty - Fall of the Ming Dynasty Read more here: » Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Ming Dynasty - Origins |
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| | | | | Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Ming Dynasty - Exploration to isolation ( See the closeup for more detail )
Between 1405 and 1433, Ming emperors sent seven maritime expeditions probing down into the South Seas and across thid there guyse Indian Ocean, cruising as far as the east coast of Africa. The Chinese gained a certain influence over Turkestan. The maritime Asian nations sent envoys with tribute for the Chinese emperor. Internally, the Grand Canal was expanded to its farth ...
See also:Ming Dynasty, Ming Dynasty - Origins, Ming Dynasty - Exploration to isolation, Ming Dynasty - Ming military conquests, Ming Dynasty - Agricultural Revolution, Ming Dynasty - Commerce Revolution, Ming Dynasty - The Ming Code, Ming Dynasty - Scrapping Prime Minister Post, Ming Dynasty - Decline of the Ming, Ming Dynasty - Building the the Great Wall, Ming Dynasty - The Network of Secret Agents, Ming Dynasty - Fall of the Ming Dynasty Read more here: » Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Ming Dynasty - Exploration to isolation |
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| | | | | Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Ming Dynasty - Fall of the Ming Dynasty The fall of the Ming Dynasty was a protracted affair, its roots beginning as early as 1600 with the emergence of the Manchu state under Nurhaci. With superior artillery the Ming were able to repeatedly fight off the Manchu invaders, notably in 1623 and in 1628. However they were never able to capitalise on their victories and from 1629 onwards the Ming were wearied by a combination of internal strife and constant harassme ...
See also:Ming Dynasty, Ming Dynasty - Origins, Ming Dynasty - Exploration to isolation, Ming Dynasty - Ming military conquests, Ming Dynasty - Agricultural Revolution, Ming Dynasty - Commerce Revolution, Ming Dynasty - The Ming Code, Ming Dynasty - Scrapping Prime Minister Post, Ming Dynasty - Decline of the Ming, Ming Dynasty - Building the the Great Wall, Ming Dynasty - The Network of Secret Agents, Ming Dynasty - Fall of the Ming Dynasty Read more here: » Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Ming Dynasty - Fall of the Ming Dynasty |
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| | | | | Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Ming Dynasty - Commerce Revolution Hong Wu's prejudice against the merchant class did not diminish the numbers of traders. On the contrary, commerce was on much greater scale than in previous centuries and continued to increase, as the growing industries needed the cooperation of the merchants. Poor soil in some provinces and over-population were key forces that led many to enter the trade markets. A book called "Tu pien hsin shu" gives a detailed description about the activities of mechants at that time. In the end, the Hong Wu policy of banning trade only acted to hinder th ...
See also:Ming Dynasty, Ming Dynasty - Origins, Ming Dynasty - Exploration to isolation, Ming Dynasty - Ming military conquests, Ming Dynasty - Agricultural Revolution, Ming Dynasty - Commerce Revolution, Ming Dynasty - The Ming Code, Ming Dynasty - Scrapping Prime Minister Post, Ming Dynasty - Decline of the Ming, Ming Dynasty - Building the the Great Wall, Ming Dynasty - The Network of Secret Agents, Ming Dynasty - Fall of the Ming Dynasty Read more here: » Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Ming Dynasty - Commerce Revolution |
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| | | | | Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Military history of China - Legalism and Confucianism Legalist thinkers from Shang Yang to Li Si, both Prime Ministers of Qin, held that the society should be socially regimented and bureaucratically administered. Although legalism as political theory was discredited after the fall of the Qin Dynasty, it left the structure of an autocratic, centralised empire that remained the master institution of Chinese military history. Officials of successive dynasties thus had the means to raise tax revenues and to mobilize the popula ...
See also:Military history of China, Military history of China - Warfare in ancient China, Military history of China - Legalism and Confucianism, Military history of China - The northern frontier, Military history of China - Weapons and military technology, Military history of China - Military institutions in Imperial China, Military history of China - Qin and Han dynasties, Military history of China - Era of division, Military history of China - Sui and Tang dynasties, Military history of China - Song Dynasty, Military history of China - Yuan Dynasty, Military history of China - Ming Dynasty, Military history of China - Qing Dynasty, Military history of China - Modern China Read more here: » Military history of China: Encyclopedia II - Military history of China - Legalism and Confucianism |
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| | | | | Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Zheng He - Voyages "The Western Ocean" refers to the Asian and African places Zheng He explored, including:
Southeast Asia,
Sumatra,
Java,
Ceylon,
India,
possibly the Americas,
Persia,
the Persian Gulf,
Arabia,
the Red Sea as far north as Egypt, and
Africa as far south as the Mozambique Channel.
Taiwan seven times.
Darwin, North Australia.
[Second Fleet]
Lau Fan Fort, Hong Kong; Lau Islands, Fiji; ...
See also:Zheng He, Zheng He - Biography, Zheng He - Voyages, Zheng He - The fleets, Zheng He - Connection to the history of Late Imperial China, Zheng He - Cultural echoes, Zheng He - The Zheng He map Read more here: » Zheng He: Encyclopedia II - Zheng He - Voyages |
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| | | | | Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Zheng He - The fleets According to Chinese sources, the fleet comprised 30,000 men and over 300 ships at its height.
The 1405 expedition consisted of 27,800 men and 317 ships, composed of:
"Treasure ships", used by the commander of the fleet and his deputies (nine-masted, about 120 meters (400 ft) long and 50 m (160 ft) wide).
"Horse ships", carrying tribute goods and repair material for the fleet (eight-masted, about 103 m (339 ft) long and 42 m (138 ft) wide)
"Supply ships", containing food-stapl ...
See also:Zheng He, Zheng He - Biography, Zheng He - Voyages, Zheng He - The fleets, Zheng He - Connection to the history of Late Imperial China, Zheng He - Cultural echoes, Zheng He - The Zheng He map Read more here: » Zheng He: Encyclopedia II - Zheng He - The fleets |
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| | | | | | Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Ming Dynasty - Fall of the Ming Dynasty The fall of the Ming Dynasty was a protracted affair, its roots beginning as early as 1600 with the emergence of the Manchu state under Nurhaci. With superior artillery the Ming were able to repeatedly fight off the Manchu invaders, notably in 1623 and in 1628. However they were never able to capitalise on their victories and from 1629 onwards the Ming were wearied by a combination of internal strife and constant harassment of Northern China by the Manchu; who had turned to raiding tact ...
See also:Ming Dynasty, Ming Dynasty - Origins, Ming Dynasty - Exploration to isolation, Ming Dynasty - Ming military conquests, Ming Dynasty - Algriculture Revolution, Ming Dynasty - Commerce Revolution, Ming Dynasty - The Ming Code, Ming Dynasty - Scrapping Prime Minister Post, Ming Dynasty - Decline of the Ming, Ming Dynasty - Building the the Great Wall, Ming Dynasty - The Network of Secret Agents, Ming Dynasty - Fall of the Ming Dynasty Read more here: » Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Ming Dynasty - Fall of the Ming Dynasty |
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| | | | | Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Zheng He - Biography Zheng He was a Muslim, born in 1371, who served as a close confidant of the Yongle Emperor of China (reigned 1403–1424), the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty. According to his biography in the History of Ming, he was originally named Ma Sanbao (馬 三保), and came from Kunyang (昆阳, present day Jinning (晋宁)), Yunnan Province. Zheng He belonged to the Semur or Semu caste who practiced Islam. He was the sixth generation descendant of Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din Omar, a famous Yuan governor of the Yunnan Province from Bukhara in moder ...
See also:Zheng He, Zheng He - Biography, Zheng He - Voyages, Zheng He - The fleets, Zheng He - Connection to the history of Late Imperial China, Zheng He - Cultural echoes, Zheng He - The Zheng He map Read more here: » Zheng He: Encyclopedia II - Zheng He - Biography |
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| | | | | Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Ming Dynasty - Exploration to isolation ( See the closeup for more detail )
Between 1405 and 1433, Ming emperors sent seven maritime expeditions probing down into the South Seas and across the Indian Ocean. The era's xenophobia and intellectual introspection, characteristic of the era's increasingly popular new school of neo-Confucianism, thus did not lead to the physical isolation of China. Contacts with the outside world, particularly with Japan, and foreign trade increased considerably. Yongle Emperor, fourth son of Hongwu, strenuously tried to exte ...
See also:Ming Dynasty, Ming Dynasty - Origins, Ming Dynasty - Exploration to isolation, Ming Dynasty - Ming military conquests, Ming Dynasty - Algriculture Revolution, Ming Dynasty - Commerce Revolution, Ming Dynasty - The Ming Code, Ming Dynasty - Scrapping Prime Minister Post, Ming Dynasty - Decline of the Ming, Ming Dynasty - Building the the Great Wall, Ming Dynasty - The Network of Secret Agents, Ming Dynasty - Fall of the Ming Dynasty Read more here: » Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Ming Dynasty - Exploration to isolation |
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| | | | | | Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Jurchens - Culture language and society The Jurchens generally lived by traditions that reflected the pastoral culture of early steppe peoples. Like the Khitans and Mongols, they took pride in feats of strength, horsemanship, archery and hunting. They engaged in shamanic cults and believed in a supreme sky god (abka-i enduri, abka-i han).
The early Jurchen script was invented in 1120 by Wanyan Xiyin, acting on the orders of Wanyan Aguda. It was based on the Khitan script, that was inspired in turn by Chinese characters. However, because Chinese is an isolating ...
See also:Jurchens, Jurchens - Jin Dynasty, Jurchens - Culture language and society, Jurchens - Jurchens during the Ming Read more here: » Jurchens: Encyclopedia II - Jurchens - Culture language and society |
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| | | | | Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Military history of China - Warfare in ancient China Ancient China during the Shang Dynasty was a Bronze Age society based on chariot armies. Archaeological study of Shang sites at Anyang have revealed extensive examples of chariots and bronze weapons. The overthrow of the Shang by the Zhou saw the creation of a feudal social order, resting militarily on a class of aristocratic chariot warriors (士).
Most armies of the time was organized in to three divisions, but can vary sometimes. Most infantry was armed with dagger-axe and spear. Around the 4th century t ...
See also:Military history of China, Military history of China - Warfare in ancient China, Military history of China - Legalism and Confucianism, Military history of China - The northern frontier, Military history of China - Weapons and military technology, Military history of China - Military institutions in Imperial China, Military history of China - Qin and Han dynasties, Military history of China - Era of division, Military history of China - Sui and Tang dynasties, Military history of China - Song Dynasty, Military history of China - Yuan Dynasty, Military history of China - Ming Dynasty, Military history of China - Qing Dynasty, Military history of China - Modern China Read more here: » Military history of China: Encyclopedia II - Military history of China - Warfare in ancient China |
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| | | | | Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Military history of China - Legalism and Confucianism Legalist thinkers from Shang Yang to Li Si, both Prime Ministers of Qin, held that the society should be socially regimented and bureaucratically administered. Although legalism as political theory was discredited after the fall of the Qin Dynasty, it left the structure of an autocratic, centralised empire that remained the master institution of Chinese military history. Officials of successive dynasties thus had the mean to raise tax revenues and to mobilize the popula ...
See also:Military history of China, Military history of China - Warfare in ancient China, Military history of China - Legalism and Confucianism, Military history of China - The northern frontier, Military history of China - Weapons and military technology, Military history of China - Military institutions in Imperial China, Military history of China - Qin and Han dynasties, Military history of China - Era of division, Military history of China - Sui and Tang dynasties, Military history of China - Song Dynasty, Military history of China - Yuan Dynasty, Military history of China - Ming Dynasty, Military history of China - Qing Dynasty, Military history of China - Modern China Read more here: » Military history of China: Encyclopedia II - Military history of China - Legalism and Confucianism |
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| | | | | Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Military history of China - The northern frontier The "barbarians" (夷, 戎, 狄) of the northern frontier, commonly called hu (胡), include the nomadic Xiongnu, Turks, Khitan, Mongols. Others include the Xianbei, Jurchen and Manchu, who combined nomadism with agriculture. All of these non-Chinese peoples were formidable because their male populations of military age were all warriors bred to the saddle and trained in the mounted archer mode of fighting that dominated Central Asia. Up until the modern age, the ...
See also:Military history of China, Military history of China - Warfare in ancient China, Military history of China - Legalism and Confucianism, Military history of China - The northern frontier, Military history of China - Weapons and military technology, Military history of China - Military institutions in Imperial China, Military history of China - Qin and Han dynasties, Military history of China - Era of division, Military history of China - Sui and Tang dynasties, Military history of China - Song Dynasty, Military history of China - Yuan Dynasty, Military history of China - Ming Dynasty, Military history of China - Qing Dynasty, Military history of China - Modern China Read more here: » Military history of China: Encyclopedia II - Military history of China - The northern frontier |
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| | | | | | Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Jiangsu - Culture There are wide disparities in culture in Jiangsu. North Jiangsu is closer to Shandong and Henan provinces in culture while south Jiangsu is more similar to Zhejiang and Shanghai.
Two main subdivisions of the Chinese language, Mandarin and Wu, are spoken in different parts of Jiangsu. Dialects of Mandarin are spoken over most of northern Jiangsu and central Jiangsu, as well as parts of southern Jiangsu, such as in the provincial capital, Nanjing; a more detailed classification would put dialects of northern Jiangsu (such as in Xuzhou) ...
See also:Jiangsu, Jiangsu - History, Jiangsu - Geography, Jiangsu - Administrative divisions, Jiangsu - Economy, Jiangsu - Demographics, Jiangsu - Culture, Jiangsu - Famous people, Jiangsu - Tourism, Jiangsu - Miscellaneous topics, Jiangsu - Sports, Jiangsu - Colleges and Universities Read more here: » Jiangsu: Encyclopedia II - Jiangsu - Culture |
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