Encyclopedia - Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia - Yongle Emperor
The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360 – August 12, 1424), born Zhu Di, was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China from 1402 to 1424. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Yongle Emperor - Journey To Power
Hongwu died on June 24, 1398, and Zhu Yunwen was crowned Emperor Jianwen. Almost immediately Zhu Di and Jianwen began their deadly feud. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 15th Century: Encyclopedia - 15th Century
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. 15th century - Events. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 2nd Millennium: Encyclopedia - 2nd Millennium
(1st millennium – 2nd millennium – 3rd millennium – other millennia) 2nd millennium - Events. European crusades in Middle East Mo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bukit Cina: Encyclopedia - Bukit Cina
Bukit Cina (Malay: "China hill") is a hillside of historical significance in the Malaysia state of Malacca near its capital, Malacca Town...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jiangsu: Encyclopedia - Jiangsu
Jiangsu (Simplified: 江苏; Traditional: 江蘇; Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāngsū; Wade-Giles: Chiang-su; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsu) is a pro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1360: Encyclopedia - 1360
1360 - Events. October 24 - The Treaty of Brétigny is ratified at Calais, marking the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' Wa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1424: Encyclopedia - 1424
1424 - Events. August 17 - Battle of Verneuil - An English force under John, Duke of Bedford defeats a larger French army under the Du...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zheng He: Encyclopedia - Zheng He
Zheng He (Traditional: 鄭和; Simplified: 郑和; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhèng Hé; Wade-Giles: Cheng Ho; Birth name: 馬三寶 / 马三宝; pin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Karmapa: Encyclopedia - Karmapa
The Karmapa is the head of the Karma Kagyu (Bka' rgyud), the largest of the lineages that make up the Kagyu school, one of the four major...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zheng He: Encyclopedia Ii - Zheng He - Cultural Echoes
A recent controversial theory (the 1421 hypothesis) put forward by Gavin Menzies in his book suggests that Zheng He circumnavigated the g...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zheng He: Encyclopedia Ii - Zheng He - Connection To The History Of Late Imperial China
One popular belief holds that after Zheng He's voyages, China turned away from the seas and underwent a period of technological stagnatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of China - Military Institutions In Imperial China
Military history of China - Qin and Han dynasties. Both the Qin and Western Han empires employed a military system based on universal c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Ming Dynasty - Decline Of The Ming
Yongle Emperor being a warrior, was able to maintain the foreign policy of his father. However, Yongle successors attached little importa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jurchens: Encyclopedia Ii - Jurchens - Jin Dynasty
The name Jurchen dates back to at least the beginning of the tenth century. However, cognate ethnonyms like Sushen have been recorded in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Karmapa: Encyclopedia Ii - Karmapa - The Black Crown
The Karmapas are the holders of the Black Crown (Tib. 'shwa nag') and are thus sometimes known as the Black Hat Lamas. This crown, rang '...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jiangsu: Encyclopedia Ii - Jiangsu - History
The province of Jiangsu was formed in the 17th century. Before then, the northern and southern parts of Jiangsu had little to do with eac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zheng He: Encyclopedia Ii - Zheng He - Cultural Echoes
A recent controversial theory (the 1421 hypothesis) put forward by Gavin Menzies in his book suggests that Zheng He circumnavigated the g...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zheng He: Encyclopedia Ii - Zheng He - The Fleets
According to Chinese sources, the fleet comprised 30,000 men and over 300 ships at its height. The 1405 expedition consisted of 27,800 m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zheng He: Encyclopedia Ii - Zheng He - Voyages
"The Western Ocean" refers to the Asian and African places Zheng He explored, including: Southeast Asia, Sumatra, Java, Ceylon, India, P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zheng He: Encyclopedia Ii - Zheng He - Biography
Zheng He was a Muslim who served as a close confidant of the Yongle Emperor of China (reigned 1403–1424), the third emperor of the Ming...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zheng He: Encyclopedia Ii - Zheng He - The Fleets
According to Chinese sources, the fleet comprised 30,000 men and over 300 ships at its height. The 1405 expedition consisted of 27,800 me...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Ming Dynasty - Fall Of The Ming Dynasty
The fall of the Ming Dynasty was a protracted affair, its roots beginning as early as 1600 with the emergence of the Manchu state under N...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Ming Dynasty - Origins
The Mongol Yuan Dynasty ruled before the establishment of the Ming Dynasty. During the rule, the Mongols' discrimination against the Han ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Ming Dynasty - Exploration To Isolation
( See the closeup for more detail ) Between 1405 and 1433, Ming emperors sent seven maritime expeditions probing down into the South Seas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Ming Dynasty - Fall Of The Ming Dynasty
The fall of the Ming Dynasty was a protracted affair, its roots beginning as early as 1600 with the emergence of the Manchu state under N...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Ming Dynasty - Commerce Revolution
Hong Wu's prejudice against the merchant class did not diminish the numbers of traders. On the contrary, commerce was on much greater sca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of China - Legalism And Confucianism
Legalist thinkers from Shang Yang to Li Si, both Prime Ministers of Qin, held that the society should be socially regimented and bureaucr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zheng He: Encyclopedia Ii - Zheng He - Voyages
"The Western Ocean" refers to the Asian and African places Zheng He explored, including: Southeast Asia, Sumatra, Java, Ceylon, India, p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zheng He: Encyclopedia Ii - Zheng He - The Fleets
According to Chinese sources, the fleet comprised 30,000 men and over 300 ships at its height. The 1405 expedition consisted of 27,800 m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zheng He: Encyclopedia Ii - Zheng He - Connection To The History Of Late Imperial China
One popular belief holds that after Zheng He's voyages, China turned away from the seas and underwent a period of technological stagnatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Ming Dynasty - Fall Of The Ming Dynasty
The fall of the Ming Dynasty was a protracted affair, its roots beginning as early as 1600 with the emergence of the Manchu state under N...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zheng He: Encyclopedia Ii - Zheng He - Biography
Zheng He was a Muslim, born in 1371, who served as a close confidant of the Yongle Emperor of China (reigned 1403–1424), the third empe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Ming Dynasty - Exploration To Isolation
( See the closeup for more detail ) Between 1405 and 1433, Ming emperors sent seven maritime expeditions probing down into the South Seas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jurchens: Encyclopedia Ii - Jurchens - Jurchens During The Ming
Chinese chroniclers of the Ming Dynasty distinguished three groups of Jurchens: the Wild Jurchens of northernmost Manchuria, the Haixi Ju...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jurchens: Encyclopedia Ii - Jurchens - Culture Language And Society
The Jurchens generally lived by traditions that reflected the pastoral culture of early steppe peoples. Like the Khitans and Mongols, the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of China - Warfare In Ancient China
Ancient China during the Shang Dynasty was a Bronze Age society based on chariot armies. Archaeological study of Shang sites at Anyang ha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of China - Legalism And Confucianism
Legalist thinkers from Shang Yang to Li Si, both Prime Ministers of Qin, held that the society should be socially regimented and bureaucr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of China - The Northern Frontier
The "barbarians" (夷, 戎, 狄) of the northern frontier, commonly called hu (胡), include the nomadic Xiongnu, Turks, Khitan, Mongols....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jurchens: Encyclopedia Ii - Jurchens - Jin Dynasty
The name Jurchen dates back to at least the beginning of the tenth century. It comes from the Jurchen word jusen, the original meaning of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jiangsu: Encyclopedia Ii - Jiangsu - Culture
There are wide disparities in culture in Jiangsu. North Jiangsu is closer to Shandong and Henan provinces in culture while south Jiangsu ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jiangsu: Encyclopedia Ii - Jiangsu - Geography
Jiangsu is very flat and low-lying, with plains covering 68 percent of its total area (water covers another 18 percent), and most of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jiangsu: Encyclopedia Ii - Jiangsu - Administrative Divisions
Jiangsu is divided into 13 prefecture-level divisions, all of them prefecture-level cities: Nanjing (Simplified Chinese: 南京市, Hany...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jiangsu: Encyclopedia Ii - Jiangsu - Economy
Jiangsu has an extensive irrigation system supporting its agriculture, which is based primarily on rice and wheat, followed by maize and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jiangsu: Encyclopedia Ii - Jiangsu - Demographics
The majority of Jiangsu residents are ethnic Han Chinese. Other minorities include the Hui and the Manchus. Demographic indicators in 200...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Ming Dynasty - Building The The Great Wall
After the Ming army defeat at Battle of tumu and later raids by the Mongols under a new leader, Altan Khan, the Ming adopted a new strate...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of China - Weapons And Military Technology
China has been an advanced country in terms of military technology, losing ground only after the Industrial Revolution. In the Qin and Ha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Ming Dynasty - Origins
The Mongol Yuan Dynasty ruled before the establishment of the Ming Dynasty. During the rule, the Mongols' discrimination against the Han ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of China - Modern China
From the first Opium War in 1839 onwards, changes to military technology, institutions and outlook in China became driven by the West. Fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Ming Dynasty - Ming Military Conquests
The beginning of the Ming dynasty was one of Ming military conquests as they sought to perpetuate their hold on power. Early in his reign...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Ming Dynasty - Algriculture Revolution
Historian considers Hongwu emperor as one the greatest Emperor of china.From the first, great care was taken by Hung Wu emperor to distri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Ming Dynasty - Commerce Revolution
Hong Wu prejudice against the merchant class did not diminish the numbers of traders. On the contrary, commerce was on much greater scale...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ming Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Ming Dynasty - Agricultural Revolution
Historians consider the Hongwu emperor to be one of the greatest emperors of China. From the start of his rule, he took great care to dis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Yongle Emperor - Military Accomplishments
Mongol invaders were still causing many problems for the Ming Dynasty. Traditionally, Han Chinese dynasties rarely went on the offensive ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Yongle Emperor - Reign
Yongle followed traditional rituals closely and remained superstitious. He did not overindulge in the luxuries of palace life, but still ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yongle Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Yongle Emperor - Early Years
Emperor Yongle was born Zhu Di on May 2nd, 1360 (mother unknown) to a monk and future emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Di grew up as a pr...   » Read the article