The Yerkes-Dodson law demonstrates an empirical relationship between arousal and performance. It dictates that performance increases with cognitive arousal but only to a certain point: when levels of arousal become too high, performance will decrease. A corollary is that there is an optimal level of arousal for a given task. It is a scientific principal developed by psychologists Robert M. Yerkes and J. D. Dodson in 1908 and is grounded within the discourses of biopsychology and neuroscience. The process is often demonstrated graphically as an inverted U-shaped curve, incre ...

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Yes, at lower levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, such as Physiological needs, money is a motivator, however it tends to have a motivating effect on staff that lasts only for a short period (in accordance with Herzberg's two-factor model of motivation). At higher levels of the hierarchy, praise, respect, recognition, empowerment and a sense of belonging are far more powerful motivators than money, as both Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGrego ...

See also:

Motivation, Motivation - Types of motivation, Motivation - Physiological needs, Motivation - Other biological motivations, Motivation - Secondary goals, Motivation - Coercion, Motivation - Self control, Motivation - Controlling motivation, Motivation - Early programming, Motivation - Organization, Motivation - Drugs, Motivation - In Education, Motivation - Is Money a Motivator?, Motivation - Reference

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Adventure refers to events which happen unexpectedly and involve the chance of danger or loss. Adventures can include daring feats, remarkable occurences, stirring encounters, and major life undertakings. Adventurous experiences create psychological and physiological arousal which can be interpreted as negative (e.g., fear) or positive (e.g., flow) (see Yerkes-Dodson law). For some people, adventure becomes a major pursuit in and of itself, for example see Extreme Sports. < ...

Including:

• Adventure - Applications of Adventure

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In psychology, motivation is the driving force (desire) behind all actions of human beings, animals, and lower organisms. Many textbooks define it as an internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction, desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior, or an influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior. Motivation is often based on emotions, specifically, on the search for positive emotional experiences and the avoidance of negative ones, where positi ...

Including:

• Motivation - Types of motivation
• Motivation - Physiological needs
• Motivation - Other biological motivations
• Motivation - Secondary goals
• Motivation - Coercion
• Motivation - Self control
• Motivation - Controlling motivation
• Motivation - Early programming
• Motivation - Organization
• Motivation - Drugs
• Motivation - In Education
• Motivation - Is Money a Motivator?
• Motivation - Reference

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Ahmet Necdet Sezer (born September 13, 1941 in Afyon) is the tenth and current President of Turkey. The Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi (the Grand National Assembly of Turkey) elected Sezer in 2000 after Süleyman Demirel's seven year term expired. He graduated from Afyon High School in 1958. He graduated from the Ankara University Faculty of Law in 1962 and began his career as a judge in Ankara. Following his military service at the Military Academy, he served first as a judge in Dicle and Yerköy, and later as a supervisory judge in the High Court of Appeals in Ankara. In 1978 he received LL.M. in ...

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In astronomy, stellar classification is a classification of stars based initially on photospheric temperature and its associated spectral characteristics, and subsequently refined in terms of other characteristics. Stellar temperatures can be classified by using Wien's displacement law; but this poses difficulties for distant stars. Stellar spectroscopy offers a way to classify stars according to their absorption lines; particular absorption lines can be observed only for a certain range of temperatures because only in that range are ...

Including:

• Stellar classification - Morgan-Keenan spectral classification
• Stellar classification - Spectral types
• Stellar classification - Spectral types for rare stars
• Stellar classification - White dwarf classifications
• Stellar classification - Yerkes spectral classification
• Stellar classification - UBV system

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Chantek (born December 17, 1977, at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center in Atlanta, Georgia) is a male orangutan who has mastered the use of a number of intellectual skills, including sign language, taught by anthropologist Dr. Lyn Miles. In Malay, cantik (pronounced chantik) means lovely. Rather than confinement in a zoo exhibit, Chantek has been kept captive in a habitat a short ride from the main zoo grounds of Zoo Atlanta, ever since the Yerkes Center gave him to the zoo in 1997. Chantek ...

Including:

• Chantek - An intellectual primate
• Chantek - Early life
• Chantek - Chantek as a person
• Chantek - Effects of captivity
• Chantek - Orangutan 'personhood' and conservation efforts

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Percy Brand Blanshard (August 27, 1892, Fredericksburg, Ohio – 1987) was an American philosopher known primarily for his defense of reason. A powerful polemicist, by all accounts he comported himself with courtesy and grace in philosophical controversies and exemplified the "rational temper" he advocated. Brand Blanshard - Life. Most of the information below is taken from [1]. Blanshard's parents were Francis, a Congregational minister, and Emily Coulter Blanshard, both Canadians by birth and naturalized ...

Including:

• Brand Blanshard - Life
• Brand Blanshard - Philosophy
• Brand Blanshard - Writings

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The University of Chicago is a private university primarily located in the Hyde Park neigborhood of Chicago, Illinois, founded in 1890, doors opened in 1892. The University also has several laboratories, research institutions, and campuses located at various national and international locales (such as the recently opened left-bank campus in Paris). The University was conceived as a unique combination of the American interdisciplinary liberal- ...

Including:

• University of Chicago - Location and campus
• University of Chicago - History
• University of Chicago - Divisions and schools
• University of Chicago - Ranking and reputation
• University of Chicago - Sports and traditions
• University of Chicago - Students alumni and faculty

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An intelligence quotient or IQ is a score derived from a set of standardized tests developed to measure a person's cognitive abilities ("intelligence") in relation to their age group. An IQ test does not measure intelligence the way a ruler measures height (absolutely), but rather the way a race measures speed (relatively). For people living in the prevailing conditions of the developed world, IQ is highly heritable, and by adulthood the influence of family environment on IQ is undetectable. IQ test scores are correlated with measures of brain structure and function, as well as performance on ...

Including:

• Intelligence quotient - History
• Intelligence quotient - IQ score distribution
• Intelligence quotient - IQ and General Intelligence Factor
• Intelligence quotient - Genetics vs environment
• Intelligence quotient - Environment
• Intelligence quotient - Development
• Intelligence quotient - Mental retardation
• Intelligence quotient - IQ education and income
• Intelligence quotient - Brain size and IQ
• Intelligence quotient - The Flynn effect
• Intelligence quotient - IQ correlations
• Intelligence quotient - Sex and IQ
• Intelligence quotient - Race and IQ
• Intelligence quotient - Religiousness and IQ
• Intelligence quotient - Health and IQ
• Intelligence quotient - Economic development and IQ
• Intelligence quotient - Practical validity
• Intelligence quotient - Validity and g-loading of specific tests
• Intelligence quotient - Social construct?
• Intelligence quotient - The Mismeasure of Man
• Intelligence quotient - The view of the American Psychological Association
• Intelligence quotient - Improving IQ
• Intelligence quotient - Controversy
• Intelligence quotient - End material
• Intelligence quotient - External links
• Intelligence quotient - References

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Some would argue that the two best types of motivation are fear and desire. Motivation can be viewed as either extrinsic or intrinsic. Motivation - Physiological needs. The easiest kinds of motivation to analyse, at least superficially, are those based upon obvious physiological needs. These include hunger, thirst, and escape from pain. The analysis of the processes underlying such motivations can make use of research on animals, in ethology, comparative psychology, and physiological psychology, and the ho ...

See also:

Motivation, Motivation - Types of motivation, Motivation - Physiological needs, Motivation - Other biological motivations, Motivation - Secondary goals, Motivation - Coercion, Motivation - Self control, Motivation - Controlling motivation, Motivation - Early programming, Motivation - Organization, Motivation - Drugs, Motivation - In Education, Motivation - Is Money a Motivator?, Motivation - Reference

Read more here: » Motivation: Encyclopedia II - Motivation - Types of motivation

The control of motivation is only understood to a limited extent. There are many different approaches of motivation training, but many of these are considered pseudoscientific by critics. To understand how to control motivation it is first necessary to understand why many people lack motivation. In recent years, non-work related activities like Internet surfing have become an increasing concern for employers in industrialized nations. Some companies have used prohibitive tactics to counter this perceived threat, others try to d ...

See also:

Motivation, Motivation - Types of motivation, Motivation - Physiological needs, Motivation - Other biological motivations, Motivation - Secondary goals, Motivation - Coercion, Motivation - Self control, Motivation - Controlling motivation, Motivation - Early programming, Motivation - Organization, Motivation - Drugs, Motivation - In Education, Motivation - Is Money a Motivator?, Motivation - Reference

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Yerkes received his bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1898, and his PhD in psychology from Harvard in 1902. He then became an instructor and later a professor at Harvard. Prior to World War I, Yerkes worked closely with John B. Watson to develop the theory of behaviorism. Although Yerkes never subscribed to the strict behaviorism that Watson advocated, the correspondence between the two psychologists rev ...

See also:

Robert Yerkes, Robert Yerkes - Education and early career, Robert Yerkes - Intelligence testing, Robert Yerkes - National Research Council, Robert Yerkes - Primatology pioneer, Robert Yerkes - Publications

Read more here: » Robert Yerkes: Encyclopedia II - Robert Yerkes - Education and early career

Yerkes had a long and storied fascination with the study of chimpanzees. He had spent time observing chimpanzees in Cuba at Madame Abreu's colony in the early 1920s, and had returned from the trip determined to raise and observe chimps on his own. He began by purchasing two chimpanzees, Chim and Panzee, from a zoo. He brought the two chimps home, where they lived in a bedroom and ate with a fork at a miniature table. Chim was a particular delight for Yerkes, and the summer that chimp and psychologist spent to ...

See also:

Robert Yerkes, Robert Yerkes - Education and early career, Robert Yerkes - Intelligence testing, Robert Yerkes - National Research Council, Robert Yerkes - Primatology pioneer, Robert Yerkes - Publications

Read more here: » Robert Yerkes: Encyclopedia II - Robert Yerkes - Primatology pioneer

In 1975, de Waal began a six- year project on the world's largest captive colony of chimpanzees at the Arnhem Zoo. The study resulted in many scientific papers, and resulted in publication of his first book, Chimpanzee Politics, in 1982. In 1981, he moved to the United States for a position at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, and took his current position at Emory and the Yerkes N ...

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Frans de Waal, Frans de Waal - Education, Frans de Waal - Career, Frans de Waal - A de Waal anecdote, Frans de Waal - De Waal's Law, Frans de Waal - Quote, Frans de Waal - Selected bibliography, Frans de Waal - Books, Frans de Waal - Articles

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The Yerkes spectral classification, also called the MKK system from the authors' initials, is a system of stellar spectral classification introduced in 1943 by William Wilson Morgan, Phillip C. Keenan and Edith Kellman of Yerkes Observatory. This classification is based on spectral lines sensitive to stellar surface gravity which is related to luminosity, as opposed to the Harvard classification which is based on surface temperature. Since the radius of a giant star is much larger than a dwarf star while their masses are roughly comparable, the gravity and thus the gas density and ...

See also:

Stellar classification, Stellar classification - Morgan-Keenan spectral classification, Stellar classification - Spectral types, Stellar classification - Spectral types for rare stars, Stellar classification - White dwarf classifications, Stellar classification - Yerkes spectral classification, Stellar classification - UBV system

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The University was founded by John D. Rockefeller, at the end of a wave of university foundings stretching from the middle of the 19th century until the beginning of the 20th (Northwestern, MIT, Cornell, Vanderbilt, Johns Hopkins, University of Southern California, Stanford, Caltech, Rice University, and Carnegie Mellon also came into being during this time period). Incorporated in 1890, the University has always dated its founding as July 1, 1891, when William Rainey Harper became its first President. Westward migration, population growth, ...

See also:

University of Chicago, University of Chicago - Location and campus, University of Chicago - History, University of Chicago - Divisions and schools, University of Chicago - Students alumni and staff, University of Chicago - Ranking and reputation, University of Chicago - Sports and traditions

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Awards Bruce Medal in 1938. Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1940. Medal of Merit for outstanding contribution to ballistics research in 1946--ARP Named after him Asteroid 2069 Hubble. Hubble crater on the Moon. Orbiting Hubble Space Telescope. ...

See also:

Edwin Hubble, Edwin Hubble - Biography, Edwin Hubble - Discoveries, Edwin Hubble - Galaxies exist beyond the Milky Way, Edwin Hubble - The universe is expanding, Edwin Hubble - Other discoveries, Edwin Hubble - Nobel Prize, Edwin Hubble - Honors, Edwin Hubble - Footnotes, Edwin Hubble - Bibliography

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Hubble was born to an insurance executive in Marshfield, Missouri and moved to Wheaton, Illinois in 1898. In his younger days, he was noted more for his athletic abilities rather than his intellectual genius: he won seven first places1 and a third placing in a single high school meet in 1906. That year he also set a state record for high jump in Illinois. His studies at the University of Chicago concentrated on mathematics and astronomy which led to a B.S. degree in 1910. He spe ...

See also:

Edwin Hubble, Edwin Hubble - Biography, Edwin Hubble - Discoveries, Edwin Hubble - Galaxies exist beyond the Milky Way, Edwin Hubble - The universe is expanding, Edwin Hubble - Other discoveries, Edwin Hubble - Nobel Prize, Edwin Hubble - Honors, Edwin Hubble - Footnotes, Edwin Hubble - Bibliography

Read more here: » Edwin Hubble: Encyclopedia II - Edwin Hubble - Biography