Yehuda Halevi - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia - Yehuda Halevi
Judah Ha-Levi, also Yehudah Halevi, or Judah ben Samuel Halevi(Hebrew רבי יהודה הלוי) (c.1085-1141 CE) was a Jewish Spanish p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yehuda Halevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Yehuda Halevi - Youth
As a youth Ha-Levi lived a life of pleasure. He mixed pleasure with learning. It is possible that Judah's father, Samuel "the Castilian,"...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1141: Encyclopedia - 1141
1141 - Events. February 2 - Battle of Lincoln. Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester and Empress Matilda wrest control of the English throne,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Philosophy Of Religion: Encyclopedia - Philosophy Of Religion
Philosophy of religion is the rational study of the meaning and justification of fundamental religious claims, particularly about the nat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy
Jewish philosophy is not a universally agreed-upon term, but it does exist as a field of scholarship. It is therefore a subject that requ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-ghazali: Encyclopedia - Al-ghazali
Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali (Arabic: ابو حامد محمد بن محمد الغزالى for short: الغزالى ) (bo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Divine Simplicity: Encyclopedia - Divine Simplicity
In theology, the doctrine of divine simplicity says that God is without parts. Divine simplicity - In Christian thought. In Christian t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kuzari: Encyclopedia Ii - Kuzari - The Kuzari Principle
The Kuzari has given its name to a "principle" of reasoning which is derived from the book. This principle claims to logically prove the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Modern Jewish Philosophy
One of the major trends in modern Jewish philosophy was the attempt to develop a theory of Judaism through existentialism. One of the pri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jews As A Chosen People: Encyclopedia Ii - Jews As A Chosen People - Views Of Chosenness By The Modern Jewish Denominations
The three largest Jewish denominations -- Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism -- maintain the belief that the Jews ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Golden Age Of Jewish Culture In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Golden Age Of Jewish Culture In Spain - End Of The Golden Age
With the death of Al-Hakam II Ibn Abd-ar-Rahman in 976, the Caliphate began to dissolve, and the position of the Jews became more precari...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Land Of Israel: Encyclopedia Ii - Land Of Israel - Dimensions Of The Land Of Israel
The Tanakh (or Hebrew Bible referred to also as the "Old Testament" by Christians) contains several descriptions of the borders of the la...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Hebrew Language Poets: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Hebrew Language Poets - Modern Hebrew
List of Hebrew language poets - A. Shimon Adaf Natan Alterman Yehudah Amichai Roy Arad Tirtza Atar David Avidan List of Hebrew langu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Moorish Spain And The Golden Age 711-12th Century
With the victory of Tariq ibn Ziyad in 711, the lives of the Sephardim changed dramatically. In spite of the stigma attached to being dhi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyric Poetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyric Poetry - History
The earliest surviving lyric poems in the Western tradition are arguably the Song of Solomon and the Psalms, but there are many fine exam...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Samson Raphael Hirsch: Encyclopedia Ii - Samson Raphael Hirsch - Influence And Controversy
There is considerable controversy over Hirsch's legacy; this is a matter of debate between Haredi (Ultra-Orthodox) and Modern Orthodox wr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Significance Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Significance Of Jerusalem - Jerusalem Jews And Judaism
Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in Torah and Tanakh. Jerusalem has long been embedded into the religious consciousness ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Moorish Spain And The Golden Age 711-12th Century
With the victory of Tariq ibn Ziyad in 711, the lives of the Sephardim changed dramatically. In spite of the stigma attached to being dhi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emunoth Ve-deoth: Encyclopedia Ii - Emunoth Ve-deoth - Premise And Introduction
The work was mainly written as a defence of Rabbinic Judaism against the views of the Karaites, who rejected the oral law (Mishna and Tal...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Rabbis: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Rabbis - Rabbis: Later Middle Ages
List of rabbis - Rabbis: 18th Century. Haim Isaac Carigal, rabbi in Newport, Rhode Island in 1773 who became great influence on Revere...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Philosophers: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Philosophers - Notes
Note O: - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in The Oxford Companion to Philosophy....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Philosophy - Historical Texts
List of publications in philosophy - Western philosophy. Plato, Charmides Plato, Lysis Plato, Laches Plato, Protagoras Plato, Euthyde...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Khazar Rulers: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Khazar Rulers - Khazar Khagans Ashina Dynasty
The Khagans were the supreme chiefs of the people, holding a position of much influence and spiritual authority, but not much actual day-...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Late References To The Khazars
There is debate as to the temporal and geographic extent of Khazar polities following Sviatoslav's sack of Atil in 967/9, or even whether...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-ghazali: Encyclopedia Ii - Al-ghazali - His Thoughts
Al-Ghazali - Theological conceptions. Al-Ghazali wrote at least two works on theology, allqtisad fi'I-i'tiqad (The Middle Path in Theol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Divine Simplicity: Encyclopedia Ii - Divine Simplicity - In Christian Thought
In Christian thought, the importance of the concept is that God as a simple being is not divisible, and thus, he is present in his entire...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Philosophy Of Religion: Encyclopedia Ii - Philosophy Of Religion - What Is God?
The question "What is God?" is sometimes also phrased as "What is the meaning of the word 'God'?" Most philosophers expect some sort of d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Avicebron, Solomon Ibn Gabirol
The Jewish poet-philosopher Solomon Ibn Gabirol is also known as Avicebron. He died about 1070 CE. He was influenced by Plato. His classi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Modern Jewish Philosophers
The following philosophers have had a substantial impact on the philosophy of modern day Jews who identify as such. They are writers who ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyric Poetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyric Poetry - Twentieth Century
Lyric poetry - Chinese poets. Guo Moruo Mu Dan Xu Zhimo Lyric poetry - Dutch poets. François Haverschmidt Hendrik Marsman J. Slau...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyric Poetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyric Poetry - Nineteenth Century
Lyric poetry - English poets. Matthew Arnold William Blake Elizabeth Barrett Browning Robert Browning George Gordon, Lord Byron Samuel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyric Poetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyric Poetry - Eighteenth Century
Lyric poetry - English poets. Robert Burns William Cowper Thomas Gray Oliver Goldsmith Lyric poetry - German poets. Johann Wolfgan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300
History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085. Christian princes, the counts of Castile and the first kings of Leon, treated the J...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-ghazali: Encyclopedia Ii - Al-ghazali - Al-ghazali On The Metaphysics Of Belief
It can be instructive to look to Al-Ghazali for insight into the role of the Intellect: "Therefore, there is no salvation except in indep...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Samson Raphael Hirsch: Encyclopedia Ii - Samson Raphael Hirsch - Nikolsburg
In 1846 Hirsch was called to the rabbinate of Nikolsburg in Moravia, and in 1847 he became chief rabbi of Moravia and Austrian Silesia. I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Samson Raphael Hirsch: Encyclopedia Ii - Samson Raphael Hirsch - Oldenburg
In 1830 Hirsch was elected chief rabbi (Landesrabbiner) of the principality of Oldenburg. During this period he wrote his Neunzehn Briefe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Under The Visigoths 5th Century-711
Barbaric invasions brought most of the Iberian Peninsula under Visigothic rule by the early fifth century. Other than in their contempt f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyric Poetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyric Poetry - Seventeenth Century
Lyric poetry - Dutch poets. Joost van den Vondel Lyric poetry - English poets. John Donne John Dryden George Herbert Robert Herric...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyric Poetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyric Poetry - Sixteenth Century
Lyric poetry - English poets. Thomas Campion Walter Raleigh William Shakespeare Philip Sidney Edmund Spenser Lyric poetry - French p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyric Poetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyric Poetry - Themes
Although lyric poetry has a long and close association with love, and European lyric poetry in the vernacular arose with the courtly love...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Early Jewish Philosophy
Early Jewish philosophy was heavily influenced by the philosophy of Plato, Aristotle and Islamic philosophy. Many early medieval Jewish p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Rabbis: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Rabbis - Reconstructionist Rabbis
List of rabbis - Reconstructionist rabbis: 20th Century. Mordecai Kaplan, 20th century founder of the Reconstructionist movement in Am...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Rabbis: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Rabbis - Reform Rabbis
List of rabbis - Reform rabbis: 19th Century. Samuel Adler, 19th century German-American rabbi of Temple Emanu-El Emil Hirsch, 19th ce...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyric Poetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyric Poetry - Forms
Although arguably the most popular form of lyric poetry in the Western tradition is the 14-line sonnet, either in its Petrarchan or its S...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyric Poetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyric Poetry - Metrics
Much lyric poetry depends on regular meter based either on number of syllables or on stress. The most common meters are as follows: Iamb...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyric Poetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyric Poetry - Middle Ages And Renaissance
Lyric poetry - Hebrew poets. Yehuda Alharizi Menachem Ben Saruk Dunash Ben Labrat Yehuda Halevi Shmuel Hanagid Solomon Ibn Gabirol Abr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyric Poetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyric Poetry - Classical
Lyric poetry - Chinese poets. Bai Juyi Cao Cao Cao Pi Cao Zhi Cui Hao Du Fu Du Mu Fenggan Han Yu Hanshan Jia Dao Li Bai also known as ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lyric Poetry: Encyclopedia Ii - Lyric Poetry - Rhyme And Alliteration
These two elements are common to structuring lyric poetry in the Western tradition and make poetry difficult to translate effectively. Ol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Samson Raphael Hirsch: Encyclopedia Ii - Samson Raphael Hirsch - Frankfurt Am Main
In 1851 he accepted a call as rabbi of an Orthodox separatist group in Frankfurt am Main, a part of the Jewish community of which had oth...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Samson Raphael Hirsch: Encyclopedia Ii - Samson Raphael Hirsch - Final Years
During the final years of his life, Hirsch put his efforts in the founding of the "Freie Vereinigung für die Interessen des Orthodoxen J...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Forced Conversions And The New Christians 1391-1492
The year 1391 forms a turning-point in the history of the Spanish Jews. The persecution was the immediate forerunner of the Inquisition, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Official Persecution And Massacres 1300-1391
In the beginning of the fourteenth century the position of Jews became precarious throughout Spain as anti-semitism increased many Jews e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Christian Spain 974-1300
History of the Jews in Spain - Early Rule 974-1085. Christian princes, the counts of Castile and the first kings of Leon, treated the J...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Golden Age Of Jewish Culture In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Golden Age Of Jewish Culture In Spain - Birth Of The Golden Age
The Christian Visigoths of Spain persecuted the Jews severely, so naturally the Jews welcomed the Muslim conquerors in the 8th century. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Edict Of Expulsion
Several months after the fall of Granada an Edict of Expulsion was issued against the Jews of Spain by Ferdinand and Isabella (March 31, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Marranos 1492-1858
The history of the Jews henceforth in Spain is that of the Maranos, whose numbers, as has been shown, had been increased by no less than ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Land Of Israel: Encyclopedia Ii - Land Of Israel - The Land Of Israel And The State Of Israel
During the British Mandate of Palestine, the name Eretz Yisrael (abbreviated א״י Aleph-Yod), was part of the official name of the terr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Golden Age Of Jewish Culture In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - Golden Age Of Jewish Culture In Spain - The Nature Of The Golden Age
Though Moorish Spain was clearly a key center of Jewish life during the early Middle Ages, producing important scholars and one of the mo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Modern Times 1858-
When Spain got a new Constitution in 1868, Jews once again were permitted to tread once more upon Spanish soil, but the edict of expulsio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Under The Visigoths 5th Century-711
Barbaric invasions brought most of the Iberian Peninsula under Visigothic rule by the early fifth century. Other than in their contempt f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Early History Before 300 Ce
Image:Hispania.jpgSome associate the country of Tarshish, as mentioned in the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, I Kings, and Jonah, wit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Early History Before 300 Ce
Image:Hispania.jpgSome associate the country of Tarshish, as mentioned in the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, I Kings, and Jonah, wit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Samson Raphael Hirsch: Encyclopedia Ii - Samson Raphael Hirsch - Themes In His Work
Hirsch lived in the post-Napoleonic era, an epoch when Jews had been granted civil rights in a large number of European countries, leadin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Samson Raphael Hirsch: Encyclopedia Ii - Samson Raphael Hirsch - Works And Activism
Hirsch had an exceptionally powerful pen. An example is his opinion about a Jewish state (Hirsch Siddur, 1969 p703): During the reign of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-ghazali: Encyclopedia Ii - Al-ghazali - Works
Islamic theology al-Munqidh min al-dalal, "Deliverance from Error" al-Iqtisad fi'I-i`tiqad, "The Median in Belief" al-Risala al-Qudsiyya...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Significance Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Significance Of Jerusalem - Jerusalem In The Tanakh And Old Testament
Jerusalem is not mentioned in the Torah but is mentioned in later parts on the Tanakh, and Old Testament, a text sacred to both Judaism a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Modern Jewish Philosophers
The following philosophers have had a substantial impact on the philosophy of modern day Jews who identify as such. They are writers who ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Significance Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Significance Of Jerusalem - Jerusalem In Islam
While the word 'Jerusalem' is not found anywhere in the Qur'an, many Muslims traditionally regard Jerusalem as having a special religious...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Significance Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Significance Of Jerusalem - Jerusalem In Christianity
For Christians, Jerusalem's place in the life of Jesus gives it great importance, in addition to its place in the Old Testament, the Hebr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Rabbis: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Rabbis - Conservative Rabbis
List of rabbis - Conservative rabbis: 19th Century. Zecharias Frankel, 19th century critical historian, founder of the Positive histor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Official Persecution And Massacres 1300-1391
In the beginning of the fourteenth century the position of Jews became precarious throughout Spain as anti-semitism increased many Jews e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-ghazali: Encyclopedia Ii - Al-ghazali - His Life
Al-Ghazali is one of the greatest Islamic theologians and mystical thinkers. He learned various branches of traditional Islamic religious...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jews As A Chosen People: Encyclopedia Ii - Jews As A Chosen People - Chosenness As Superiority
In early medieval Europe, during a time of intense persecution of Jews, the idea developed that chosenness meant that God loves Jews more...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jews As A Chosen People: Encyclopedia Ii - Jews As A Chosen People - Rabbinic Jewish Views Of Chosenness
The idea of chosenness has traditionally been interpreted by Jews in two ways: one way is that God chose the Israelites, while the other ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jews As A Chosen People: Encyclopedia Ii - Jews As A Chosen People - Chosenness In The Hebrew Bible
According to the Hebrew Bible, Israel's character as the chosen people is conditioned by obedience to God's commandments. "Now therefore,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jews As A Chosen People: Encyclopedia Ii - Jews As A Chosen People - Charges Of Racism
Many books and websites promote the idea that Judaism is inherently racist. Hundreds of websites exist run by neo-Nazis, White supremacy ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Origins And Prehistory
The origins of the Khazars are unclear. Following their conversion to Judaism, the Khazars themselves traced their origins to Kozar, a so...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Khazar Religion
Khazars - Turkic shamanism. Originally, the Khazars practiced traditional Turkic shamanism, focused on the sky god Tengri, but were hea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Rise
Khazars - Formation of the Khazar state. Early Khazar history is intimately tied with that of the Gokturk empire, founded when the Ashi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Rabbis: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Rabbis - Orthodox Rabbis
List of rabbis - Orthodox rabbis: 19th Century. Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin, (Netziv ; Ha'emek Davar) 19th century head of Volozhin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Bahya Ibn Paquda's Duties Of The Heart
Bahya ibn Paquda lived in Spain in the first half of the eleventh century. He was the author of the first Jewish system of ethics, writte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Saadia Gaon
Saadia Gaon (892-942) is considered one of the greatest of the early Jewish philosophers. His Emunoth ve-Deoth was originally called Kita...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Avicebron Solomon Ibn Gabirol
The Jewish poet-philosopher Solomon Ibn Gabirol is also known as Avicebron. He died about 1070 CE. He was influenced by Plato. His classi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Philo Of Alexandria
Philo of Alexandria (20 BCE - 40 CE) was a Hellenized Jewish philosopher born in Alexandria, Egypt. Philo included in his philosophy both...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Yehuda Halevi And The Kuzari
The Jewish poet-philosopher Yehuda Halevi (twelfth century) in his polemical work Kuzari made strenuous arguments against philosophy. He ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - The Rise Of Aristotelian Thought
Judah ha-Levi could not bar the progress of Aristotelianism among the Arabic-writing Jews. As among the Arabs, Ibn Sina and Ibn Roshd lea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Approaches
As with any fusion of religion and philosophy, the attempt is difficult because classical philosophers start with no preconditions for w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Position In The History Of Thought
The scholastics preserved the continuity of philosophical thought. Without the activity of these Arabic-Jewish philosophers, the culture ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Philosophy - Maimonides
Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon (1135 - 1204), רבי משה בן מיימון, known commonly by his Greek name Maimonides, was a Jewish rabbi, p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Government
Khazars - Khazar Kingship. Main Articles: Khagan; Khagan Bek; for names of Khazar rulers see List of Khazar rulers. Khazar kingship was...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Tribes
The Khazars' tribal structure is not well understood. They appear, like many Turkic nations, to have been divided between Ak-Khazars ("Wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Philosophy Of Religion: Encyclopedia Ii - Philosophy Of Religion - Philosophy Of Religion As A Part Of Metaphysics
Philosophy of religion was classically regarded as a part of metaphysics, after Aristotle, among whose writings was a piece that later ed...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Economic Position
Khazars - Trade. The Khazars occupied a prime trade nexus. Goods from western Europe travelled east to Central Asia and China and vice ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Modern Times 1858-
When Spain got a new Constitution in 1868, Jews once again were permitted to tread once more upon Spanish soil, but the edict of expulsio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kuzari: Encyclopedia Ii - Kuzari - Influence Of The Kuzari
Although the Kuzari failed to stem the philosophical flood which, at the time of the appearance of the work, was inundating Judaism, it e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Khazar Rulers: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Khazar Rulers - Khazar Beks
The Beks were warlords, military commanders who exercised considerable day-to-day authority, and were sometimes regarded by outsiders as ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Marranos 1492-1858
The history of the Jews henceforth in Spain is that of the Maranos, whose numbers, as has been shown, had been increased by no less than ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Forced Conversions And The New Christians 1391-1492
The year 1391 forms a turning-point in the history of the Spanish Jews. The persecution was the immediate forerunner of the Inquisition, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Philosophy - Twentieth-century Philosophy
Bertrand Russell, The Problems of Philosophy [ A ] G.E. Moore, "A Defence of Common Sense" [ A ] Edmund Gettier, "Is Justified True Bel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Spain: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Spain - Edict Of Expulsion
Several months after the fall of Granada an Edict of Expulsion was issued against the Jews of Spain by Ferdinand and Isabella (March 31, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kuzari: Encyclopedia Ii - Kuzari - Arguments Against Philosophy
The fifth and last essay is devoted to a criticism of the various philosophical systems known at the time of the author. Judah attacks by...   » Read the article