Year of the four emperors

The Batavians were a relatively small tribe, allied to the Empire and romanized. They lived in modern Netherlands, between the rivers Rhine and Waal. Batavia was a poor country that had little to offer Rome apart from their men. Batavians fought in several units and composed the Corporis Custodes, the personal bodyguard of the Emperor. Galba dismissed with dishonor the Custodes, and also ordered the arrest of two romanized Batavian princes: Gaius Julius Civilis and his brother Claudius Paulus. The accusations are unknown, but p ...

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Batavian rebellion, Batavian rebellion - Prologue, Batavian rebellion - The beginning, Batavian rebellion - Castra Vetera, Batavian rebellion - The rebellion continues, Batavian rebellion - The Empire counters

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Ancient history - Europe and the Mediterranean. Ancient Egypt Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Carthage Etruscans Hittites Phoenicia Ancient history - East Asia. Ancient China Ancient Japan Ancient Korea Mongols Ancient history - Central and Southwest Asia. Ancient India Ancient Persia Assyria Babylonia < ...

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In the summer of 69 AD, Civilis was commander of the Batavian auxiliary troops allocated in the Rhine legions. He was aware of Roman military tactics which gave him ideas on how to defeat them. The first action was to set up a decoy and Civilis induced a rebellion outside of Batavia. The tribe of the Cananefates was living in lands between the Batavians and the North Sea. The inducements used by Civilis to instigate rebellion are not known, but the Cananefates, led by their chief Brinno, attacked several Roman forts, including Traiect ...

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Batavian rebellion, Batavian rebellion - Prologue, Batavian rebellion - The beginning, Batavian rebellion - Castra Vetera, Batavian rebellion - The rebellion continues, Batavian rebellion - The Empire counters

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The year 70 AD started with the odds favoring the rebels. Two legions were still besieged at Castra Vetera and the rest of the Roman army was not large enough to cope with the revolt. Apart from the Batavian rebellion, the Trevirans and Lingones had declared the independence of Gaul. Julius Sabinus, the rebel emperor, managed to persuade the I Germanica and XVI Gallica to come over to his side. At Castra Vetera the situation was desperate. Food supplies had run out and the besieged legions were eating horses and mules to survive. With no prospect of a relief, the c ...

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Batavian rebellion, Batavian rebellion - Prologue, Batavian rebellion - The beginning, Batavian rebellion - Castra Vetera, Batavian rebellion - The rebellion continues, Batavian rebellion - The Empire counters

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The fundamental difficulty of studying ancient history is the fact that only a fraction of it has been documented, and only a fraction of those recorded histories have survived into the present day. Literacy was not widespread in any culture until long after the end of ancient history, so there were few people capable of writing histories. Even those written histories which were produced were not widely distributed; the ancients, not having the luxury of a printing press had to make copies of books by hand. The Roman Empire was one of the an ...

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Ancient history, Ancient history - The study of ancient history, Ancient history - Archaeology, Ancient history - Primary sources, Ancient history - Chronology, Ancient history - Prehistory, Ancient history - Important events, Ancient history - End of ancient history in Europe, Ancient history - Some prominent civilizations of ancient history, Ancient history - Europe and the Mediterranean, Ancient history - East Asia, Ancient history - Central and Southwest Asia, Ancient history - Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa, Ancient history - The Americas, Ancient history - References and further reading

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Ancient history - Europe and the Mediterranean. Ancient Egypt Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Carthage Etruscans Hittites Phoenicia Scythians Ancient history - East Asia. Ancient China Ancient Japan Ancient Korea Mongols Ancient Turks Huns Ancient history - Central and Southwest Asia. Ancient India A ...

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Domitian was born in Rome while his father was still a politician and military commander. He received the education of a young man of the privileged senatorial class. He studied rhetoric and literature, publishing some of his writings, law and administration. In his biography Suetonius describes him as a learned and educated adolescent, with elegant conversation. Unlike his brother, Titus, who was much older, Domitian did not join his father's campai ...

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Domitian, Domitian - Early life, Domitian - Emperor, Domitian - Domitian and Early Christianity, Domitian - External link

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List of Roman Emperors - Dominate. List of Roman Emperors - Britannic Empire 286 to 297. List of Roman Emperors - Late Roman Empire. For continuation, see: list of Barbarian kings of Italy Byzantine Emperors Arcadius (395 - 408) Theodosius II (408 - 450) Marcian (450 - 457) Leo I (457 - 474) Leo II (474) Zeno (474 - 491) See also:

List of Roman Emperors, List of Roman Emperors - The Principate, List of Roman Emperors - Julio-Claudian dynasty, List of Roman Emperors - Year of the four emperors, List of Roman Emperors - Flavian Dynasty, List of Roman Emperors - Nervan-Antonian dynasty - Five Good Emperors, List of Roman Emperors - Severan Dynasty African Asian and Syrian Emperors, List of Roman Emperors - Crisis of the Third Century, List of Roman Emperors - Emperors during the height of the Crisis, List of Roman Emperors - Gallic Empire 260 to 274, List of Roman Emperors - Illyrian Emperors, List of Roman Emperors - Tetrarchies unifications and new splits, List of Roman Emperors - Dominate, List of Roman Emperors - Britannic Empire 286 to 297, List of Roman Emperors - Late Roman Empire

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Military history of ancient Rome - Patterns of Roman wars. The first Roman wars were wars of expansion and defence, aimed at protecting Rome itself from neighbouring cities and nations by defeating them in battle. This sort of warfare characterized the early Republican Period when Rome was focused on consolidating its position in Italy, and eventually conquering the peninsula. Rome first began to make war outside the Italian peninsula in the Punic wars against Carthage. These wars, starting in 264 BC saw Rome bec ...

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Military history of ancient Rome, Military history of ancient Rome - Institutions, Military history of ancient Rome - Roman army, Military history of ancient Rome - Roman navy, Military history of ancient Rome - Events, Military history of ancient Rome - Patterns of Roman wars, Military history of ancient Rome - List of Roman wars

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Estimates of the death toll range from 600,000 to 1,300,000 Jews: there was "no room for crosses and no crosses for the bodies". Over 100,000 died during the siege, and almost 100,000 were taken to Rome as slaves. Many fled to areas around the Mediterranean. The Romans hunted down and slaughtered entire clans, such as descendants of the House of David. On one occasion, Titus condemned 2,500 Jews to fight with wild beasts in the amphitheater of Caesa ...

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First Jewish-Roman War, First Jewish-Roman War - Background, First Jewish-Roman War - First Jewish successes, First Jewish-Roman War - The fall, First Jewish-Roman War - The outcome, First Jewish-Roman War - Sources

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List of Roman Emperors - Emperors during the height of the Crisis. List of Roman Emperors - Gallic Empire 260 to 274. List of Roman Emperors - Illyrian Emperors. ...

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List of Roman Emperors, List of Roman Emperors - The Principate, List of Roman Emperors - Julio-Claudian dynasty, List of Roman Emperors - Year of the four emperors, List of Roman Emperors - Flavian Dynasty, List of Roman Emperors - Nervan-Antonian dynasty - Five Good Emperors, List of Roman Emperors - Severan Dynasty African Asian and Syrian Emperors, List of Roman Emperors - Crisis of the Third Century, List of Roman Emperors - Emperors during the height of the Crisis, List of Roman Emperors - Gallic Empire 260 to 274, List of Roman Emperors - Illyrian Emperors, List of Roman Emperors - Tetrarchies unifications and new splits, List of Roman Emperors - Dominate, List of Roman Emperors - Britannic Empire 286 to 297, List of Roman Emperors - Late Roman Empire

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For scholars, it is difficult to uncover Domitian's exact policy towards the developing Christian community. Many people believe that he was the Emperor during the time that the Revelation to John was authored (95 or 96). From a Christian perspective, the Revelation, the final canonical book of the New Testament, reveals God's plan for the Apocalypse. From a secular viewpoint, the Revelation could be viewed as a reaction to the anti-Christian policies of Domitian and some earlier emperors. At the time, Christianity was a struggling religion ...

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Domitian, Domitian - Early life, Domitian - Emperor, Domitian - Domitian and Early Christianity, Domitian - External link

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The usurpation mania of the third century had profound effects in the bureaucratic and military organization of the Empire. Fear of potential rivals was to be the main driving force for the evolution of the Roman world from the early to the late Empire. One of the most striking changes was the division and multiplication of the Roman provinces. Provinces were ruled by a governor, either a proconsul, propraetor or procurator, and were ascribed a certain number of legions, according to the degree of pacification they required. This mean ...

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Roman usurper, Roman usurper - All usurpers are equal but some are more equal than others, Roman usurper - Practical effects, Roman usurper - Assessment of usurpers

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The main account of the revolt comes from Josephus, the former Jewish commander of Galilee who switched over to the Roman side. Since Josephus had been granted citizenship and a pension in Rome and was well accepted at the courts of Vespasian, Titus and Domitian, his work is likely to be biased in favor of his imperial patrons, especially Titus. His popular works Jewish War (c. 79) and Jewish Antiquities (c. 94)—especially its autobiographical appendix—are frequently contradictory. He was loathed by the Jews as a turncoat and Roman apologist, ...

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First Jewish-Roman War, First Jewish-Roman War - Background, First Jewish-Roman War - First Jewish successes, First Jewish-Roman War - The fall, First Jewish-Roman War - The outcome, First Jewish-Roman War - Sources

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Ancient history - Prehistory. 10th millennium BC - invention of agriculture is the earliest given date for the beginning of Ancient Era 5th millennium BC-Possible introduction of writing, Tartaria tablets in the lower Danube Valley date from this period 4th millennium BC - First writings in the cities of Uruk and Susa (cuneiform writings); hieroglyphs in Egypt 33rd c ...

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