Ancient history is the study of significant cultural and political events from the beginning of human history until the Early Middle Ages. Although the ending date is largely arbitrary, most Western scholars use the fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476 as the traditional end of ancient history. Another term that is often used to refer to ancient history is antiquity, although this term is most often used to refer specifically to ...

Including:

• Ancient history - The study of ancient history
• Ancient history - Archaeology
• Ancient history - Primary sources
• Ancient history - Chronology
• Ancient history - Prehistory
• Ancient history - Important events
• Ancient history - End of ancient history in Europe
• Ancient history - Some prominent civilizations of ancient history
• Ancient history - Europe and the Mediterranean
• Ancient history - East Asia
• Ancient history - Central and Southwest Asia
• Ancient history - Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa
• Ancient history - The Americas
• Ancient history - References and further reading

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This is a List of Ancient Rome-related topics, that aims to include aspects of both the Ancient Roman Republic and Roman Empire. For an overview of the subject, see Ancient Rome. For other articles not listed below, see Category:Ancient Rome and its subcategories. An index of important figures in Ancient Rome can be found in List of ancient Romans. The topics in this list cover the culture, society and history of the ancient Roman Republic and the ...

Including:

• List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Ancient city of Rome
• List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Byzantine Empire
• List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Culture
• List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Economy and transportation
• List of Ancient Rome-related topics - History
• List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Regional History
• List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Language
• List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Lists
• List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Military
• List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Places
• List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Politics
• List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Religion
• List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Miscellaneous

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Aulus Vitellius Germanicus (September 24, 15–December 22, 69) was Roman Emperor from April 17 69 to December 22 of the same year, one of the emperors in the "Year of the four emperors". He was the son of Lucius Vitellius, who had been consul and governor of Syria under Tiberius. Vitellius the son was consul in 48, and (perhaps in 60-61) proconsul of Africa, in which capacity he is said to have acquitted himself with credit. At the end of 68 Galba, to the general astonishment, selected him to command the army of Germania Infer ...

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December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 10 days remaining. December 21 - Events. 69 - Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian becomes the fourth Emperor of Rome within a year. 1620 - Plymouth Colony: William Bradford and the Mayflower Pilgrims land on what is now known as Plymouth Rock in Plymouth, Massachusetts. 1861 - Medal of Honor: Public Resolution ...

Including:

• December 21 - Events
• December 21 - Births
• December 21 - Deaths
• December 21 - Holidays and observances

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Centuries: 1st century BC - 1st century - 2nd century Decades: 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s - 60s - 70s 80s 90s 100s 110s Years: 64 65 66 67 68 - 69 - 70 71 72 73 74 69 - Events. The Year of the four emperors: After Nero's death, Galba, Otho and Vitellius are all Roman emperor a short time before eventually Vespasian takes over. First Jewish-Roman War - Vespasian lays siege to Jerusalem, which was captured by Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus after Vespasian became ...

Including:

• 69 - Events
• 69 - Births
• 69 - Deaths

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Centuries: 1st century BC - 1st century - 2nd century Decades: 10s - 20s - 30s - 40s - 50s - 60s - 70s - 80s - 90s - 100s - 110s 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 Note: Sometimes the '60s is used as shorthand for the 1960s, the 1860s, or other such decades in various centuries 60s - Events and trends. Rebellion in Roman Britain led by Boudica (60 or 61) Great fire of Rome, 64 Great Jewish Revolt against Roman occupation begins (66-73)Including:

• 60s - Events and trends
• 60s - Significant people

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See also Roman military structure. Military history of ancient Rome - Roman army. "The Roman Army" is the name given by English-speakers to the soldiers and other military forces who served the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. The Roman words for the military were often based on the word for one soldier, miles. The army in general was the militia, and a commander of military operations, magister militiae. In the republic, a general might be called imperator, "commander" (as in Caesar imperator), but un ...

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Military history of ancient Rome, Military history of ancient Rome - Institutions, Military history of ancient Rome - Roman army, Military history of ancient Rome - Roman navy, Military history of ancient Rome - Events, Military history of ancient Rome - Patterns of Roman wars, Military history of ancient Rome - List of Roman wars

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Nero - Family. Born in Antium (modern day Anzio), he was the only son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the younger, sister and reputed lover of Caligula. His father was grandson to an elder Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Aemilia Lepida through their son Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. He was also great-grandson to Mark Antony and Octavia through their daughter Antonia Major. His mother was the namesake of her own mother Agrippina the elder who was granddaughter to Octavia's brother Caesar ...

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Nero, Nero - Life, Nero - Family, Nero - Rise to power, Nero - Emperor, Nero - Depictions of Nero, Nero - Reputation in Roman times and sexual life, Nero - Depictions in later legends, Nero - Depiction in the New Testament, Nero - Depictions in fiction, Nero - Depictions in Culture

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Otho belonged to an ancient and noble Etruscan family settled at Ferentinum (modern Ferento, near Viterbo) in Etruria. He appears first as one of the most reckless and extravagant of the young nobles who surrounded Nero. This friendship was brought to an end in 58 because of a woman, Poppea Sabina. Otho introduced his beautiful wife to the Emperor upon the insistence of his wife, who then began an affair that would eventually be the death of her. After securely establishing this position as his mistress, she divorced Otho and had the emperor s ...

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Otho, Otho - Origin and rise to power, Otho - Decline and fall

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But for unknown reasons, this was not enough for the Batavians. Civilis chose to pursue vengeance and swore to destroy the two Roman legions. The timing was well chosen. With the civil war of the Year of the four emperors at its peak, it would take some time before Rome could produce an effective counterattack. Moreover, the eight Batavian auxiliary units of Vitellius' army were on their way home and could be easily persuaded to join the rebellion for an independent Batavia. This was an important reinforcement. Apart from being veteran troops, their numbers were greater that the combined Roman troop ...

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Batavian rebellion, Batavian rebellion - Prologue, Batavian rebellion - The beginning, Batavian rebellion - Castra Vetera, Batavian rebellion - The rebellion continues, Batavian rebellion - The Empire counters

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Roman Navy - Early history. The Romans were originally a land power based in the Italian mainland, and were wary of the sea. In the First Punic War (264 BC - 241 BC), the Carthaginians, a power rooted in sea trade, were able to exploit their strength at sea in their struggles with the Roman Republic. Since most of the conflict in the war was overseas (especially in Sicily), Rome saw that it needed to build a fleet in order to develop an effective military response. The result was the rapid construct ...

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Roman Navy, Roman Navy - History, Roman Navy - Early history, Roman Navy - Late Republic, Roman Navy - Major events, Roman Navy - Admirals, Roman Navy - Roman Navy composition, Roman Navy - Fleets, Roman Navy - Ports

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Although Nero was seen as odd by some, his works were highly admirable, and with such power as he had a largely eccentric and egotistical lifestyle. Nero - Family. Born in Antium (modern day Anzio), he was the only son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the younger, sister and reputed lover of Caligula. His father was grandson to an elder Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Aemilia Lepida through their son Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. He was also great-grandson to Mark Antony and Octavia through ...

See also:

Nero, Nero - Life, Nero - Family, Nero - Rise to power, Nero - Emperor, Nero - Depictions of Nero, Nero - Reputation in Roman times and sexual life, Nero - Depictions in later legends, Nero - Depiction in the New Testament, Nero - Depictions in fiction, Nero - Depictions in culture

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Marcus Salvius Otho, with the support and aid of the Praetorian Guard, had his predecessor Galba murdered in January and claimed the throne for himself. However, legate Aulus Vitellius, governor of the province of Germania Inferior, had also claimed the throne earlier in the month and marched on Rome with his troops. Vitellius' forces were divided into two armies, one commanded by Aulus Caecina Alienus and the other by Fabius Valens. The Vitellian forces included Legio XXI Rapax, Legio V Alaudae and powerful detachments from all the other le ...

See also:

Battle of Bedriacum, Battle of Bedriacum - The First Battle of Bedriacum, Battle of Bedriacum - The Second Battle of Bedriacum

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Ancient history - Prehistory. c. 60th millennium BC - Modern humans migrate out of Africa and begin spreading across Asia c. 40th millennium BC - Australia first reached by modern humans c. 35th millennium BC - Europe first reached by modern humans 14th to 10th millennium BC - Americas first reached by humans 10th millennium BC - Invention of agriculture is the earliest given date for the beginning of Ancient Era 5th millennium BC - Possible invention of writing, ...

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Ancient history, Ancient history - The study of ancient history, Ancient history - Archaeology, Ancient history - Primary sources, Ancient history - Chronology, Ancient history - Prehistory, Ancient history - Important events, Ancient history - End of ancient history in Europe, Ancient history - Some prominent civilizations of ancient history, Ancient history - Europe and the Mediterranean, Ancient history - East Asia, Ancient history - Central and Southwest Asia, Ancient history - Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa, Ancient history - The Americas, Ancient history - References and further reading

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Commodus, the last member of the Antoninian dynasty and remembered by contemporaneous chronicles as an unpopular ruler notorious for his extravagance and cruelty, was assassinated in 193. Without sons to be his heir, a struggle for power immediately broke out amongst the governors of the most important provinces. Pertinax was elevated to the purple and recognized by his peers, but following his murder by a restive Praetorian guard, Septimius Severus decided to make his bid for power and usurped the throne. Although initially an usurper, Seve ...

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Roman usurper, Roman usurper - All usurpers are equal but some are more equal than others, Roman usurper - Practical effects, Roman usurper - Assessment of usurpers

Read more here: » Roman usurper: Encyclopedia II - Roman usurper - All usurpers are equal but some are more equal than others

He was born near Terracina. He came of a noble family and was a man of great wealth, but unconnected either by birth or by adoption with the first six Caesars. In his early years he was regarded as a youth of remarkable abilities, and it is said that both Augustus and Tiberius prophesied his future eminence (Tacitus, Annals, vi. 20; Suet. Galba, 4). Praetor in 20, and consul in 33, he acquired a well-merited reputation in the provinces of Gaul, Germania, Africa and Spain by his military capability, strictness and impartial ...

See also:

Galba, Galba - Origins and rise to power, Galba - Rule and fall

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List of Roman Emperors - Julio-Claudian dynasty. List of Roman Emperors - Year of the four emperors. List of Roman Emperors - Flavian Dynasty. List of Roman Emperors - Nervan-Antonian dynasty - Five Good Emperors. List of Roman Emperors - Severan Dynasty African Asian and Syrian Emperors. ...

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List of Roman Emperors, List of Roman Emperors - The Principate, List of Roman Emperors - Julio-Claudian dynasty, List of Roman Emperors - Year of the four emperors, List of Roman Emperors - Flavian Dynasty, List of Roman Emperors - Nervan-Antonian dynasty - Five Good Emperors, List of Roman Emperors - Severan Dynasty African Asian and Syrian Emperors, List of Roman Emperors - Crisis of the Third Century, List of Roman Emperors - Emperors during the height of the Crisis, List of Roman Emperors - Gallic Empire 260 to 274, List of Roman Emperors - Illyrian Emperors, List of Roman Emperors - Tetrarchies unifications and new splits, List of Roman Emperors - Dominate, List of Roman Emperors - Britannic Empire 286 to 297, List of Roman Emperors - Late Roman Empire

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Emperor Nero appointed general Vespasian instead of Gallus to crush the rebellion. Vespasian made Caesarea Maritima his headquarters and with his legions — X Fretensis and V Macedonica, 60,000 professional soldiers — methodically cleared the coast and the North. Some towns gave up without a fight. By the year 68, Jewish resistance in the North had been crushed. The leaders of collapsed Northern revolt, John of Giscala and Simon ben Jair, managed to escape to Jerusalem. Brutal civil war erupted: the Zealots and Sicari ...

See also:

First Jewish-Roman War, First Jewish-Roman War - Background, First Jewish-Roman War - First Jewish successes, First Jewish-Roman War - The fall, First Jewish-Roman War - The outcome, First Jewish-Roman War - Sources

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List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Regional History. Roman Britain Roman invasion of Britain History of Greek and Roman Egypt Roman and Byzantine Greece ...

See also:

List of Ancient Rome-related topics, List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Ancient city of Rome, List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Byzantine Empire, List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Culture, List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Economy and transportation, List of Ancient Rome-related topics - History, List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Regional History, List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Language, List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Lists, List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Military, List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Places, List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Politics, List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Religion, List of Ancient Rome-related topics - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » List of Ancient Rome-related topics: Encyclopedia II - List of Ancient Rome-related topics - History

As an administrator, Domitian soon proved to be a disaster. The economy first came to a halt and then went into recession, forcing him to heavily devaluate the denarius (silver currency). To further compensate for the economic situation, taxes were raised and discontent soon followed. Due to his love of the arts and to woo the population, Domitian invested large sums in the reconstruction and embellishment of the city, still suffering the effects of the great fire of Rome in 64 and the civil war of 69. Around fifty new buildings were erected and restored, including the Temple of Jupiter in the Capitoline Hil ...

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Domitian, Domitian - Early life, Domitian - Emperor, Domitian - Domitian and Early Christianity, Domitian - External link

Read more here: » Domitian: Encyclopedia II - Domitian - Emperor