Yazd - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Yazd: Encyclopedia - Yazd
Yazd or Yezd (In Persian: یزد), is one of the most ancient and historical cities of Iran (Persia). The city is located some 175 miles ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yazd: Encyclopedia Ii - Yazd - History
Yazd is an old and historical place and is located in the middle of Fars, Isfahan, Kerman and Khorasan provinces, making it an important ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dasht-e Kavir: Encyclopedia - Dasht-e Kavir
Dasht-e Kavir (دشت كوير in Persian), also known as Kavir-e Namak or Great Salt Desert is a large desert lying in the middle of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dari Afghanistan: Encyclopedia - Dari Afghanistan
Dari is the local written name for the Persian language in Afghanistan used mainly in official papers. While the Afghans in their daily u...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Agiary: Encyclopedia - Agiary
A Fire Temple (also Dar-e Mihr, or Atash Kadeh in Iran, Agiary in India, and various names in North America) is a place of worship for Zo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zoroastrianism: Encyclopedia - Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism was once the "official" religion of Sassanid (Sassanian) Persia, and played an important role in the Achaemenid as well as...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Towers Of Silence: Encyclopedia - Towers Of Silence
The Towers of Silence (also dakhma or dokhma) are Zoroastrian funerary towers, the majority of which are located in Mumbai, India, belong...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dari Zoroastrian: Encyclopedia - Dari Zoroastrian
Dari is the first language of an estimated 2,000 to 3,000 persons living in and around the cities of Yazd and Kerman in central Iran. Whi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soma: Encyclopedia - Soma
Soma (Sanskrit), or Haoma (Avestan) (from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Sauma) was a ritual drink of importance among the early Indo-Iranians, and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Historical Iranian Architects: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Historical Iranian Architects - Contemporary
List of historical Iranian architects - inside Iran. Mohsen Foroughi (law college) Hooshang Seyhoon (Ibn sina monument/Nader shah Monu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Castles: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Castles - Castles Of Austria
List of castles - Burgenland. Burg Bernstein Burg Forchtenstein Burg Güssing Burgruine Landsee Burg Lockenhaus Burg Schlaining List...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Status Of Religious Freedom In Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Status Of Religious Freedom In Iran - Restrictions On Religious Freedom
Religious minorities, by law and practice, are barred from being elected to a representative body (except to the seats in the Majles rese...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iranian Architecture: Encyclopedia Ii - Iranian Architecture - Pre-islamic Architecture Of Persia Iran
By evidence, the history of architecture and urban planning in Iran (Persia) dates back some 10 thousand years ago. Persians were among t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran Air: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran Air - History
Iran Air was established on February 24, 1962, after Iranian Airways and Persian Air Services joined together under the name of Iran Nati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Language - Orthography
The vast majority of modern Persian text is written in a form of the Arabic alphabet. In recent years the Latin alphabet has been used by...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kerman Province: Encyclopedia Ii - Kerman Province - Geography
The altitudes and heights of the province are the continuation of the central mountain ranges of Iran. They extend from the volcanic fold...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Muzaffarids: Encyclopedia Ii - Muzaffarids - Rise To Power
The Muzaffarids originated in Khorasan but fled to Yazd during the Mongol invasion. Serving under the Il-Khans, they gained prominence wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mehregan: Encyclopedia Ii - Mehregan - Roots
There are many accounts as to the beginning of Mehregan. A few, different versions are listed below: Mehregan is a day of victory when An...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran's Premier Football League: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran's Premier Football League - League Champions
Iran's Premier Football League - Local Leagues. 1960 Shahin Abadan 1961 No League Competition 1962 Daraei FC 1963-1966 not held 1967 P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Language - Orthography
The vast majority of modern Persian text is written in a form of the Arabic alphabet. In recent years the Latin alphabet has been used by...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Twin Towns And Sister Cities: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Twin Towns And Sister Cities - Europe
List of twin towns and sister cities - Albania. Tirana - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996) List of twin towns and sister citie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Universities In Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Universities In Iran - List Of Iranian Universities Grouped By Province
Grouped according to their corresponding province, 28 provinces in all. List of universities in Iran - Ardabil Province. Ardebil Uni...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran's Nuclear Program: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran's Nuclear Program - Background
The foundations for Iran's nuclear program were laid in the 1960s under auspices of the U.S. within the framework of bilateral agreements...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Odoric Of Pordenone: Encyclopedia Ii - Odoric Of Pordenone - Life
Odoric was born at Villa Nuova, a hamlet near the town of Pordenone in Friuli, in or about 1286. According to the ecclesiastical biograph...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Stadiums: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Stadiums - Africa
List of stadiums - Algeria. Stade 5 Julliet 1962, Algiers Stade 19 Mai 1956, Annaba Stade 24 Fevrier 1956, Sidi Bel Abbes Stade Ahmed ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran - History
Written history in Iran begins with the Proto-Elamites around 3000BC, and continues with the arrival of The Aryans and the establishment ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran And Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran And Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Nuclear Weapons
The Islamic Republic of Iran's nuclear program goes back several decades. However, in recent years, due to global political changes Iran ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Gardens: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Gardens - Australia
Australian Capital Territory Australian National Botanic Gardens New South Wales See: Category:Sydney parks Wollongong Botanic Gardens...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shiraz Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Shiraz Iran - History Of Shiraz
The ancient Elamite name for this city was written Tiraziš. This was according to Elamite clay tablets found in Persepolis. Phonetically...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soma: Encyclopedia Ii - Soma - Candidates For The Soma Plant
Even in the Rigveda, Soma is described as growing far away, in the mountains, and has to be purchased from travelling traders. This is co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hafez: Encyclopedia Ii - Hafez - Life
Very little credible information is known about Hafez's life, particularly its early part - there is a great deal of more or less mythica...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Rug: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Rug - Traditional Centers Of Carpet Production In Iran Persia
The major classical centers of carpet production in Persia were in Tabriz (1500-1550), Kashan (1525-1650), Herat (1525-1650), and Kerman ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dasht-e Kavir: Encyclopedia Ii - Dasht-e Kavir - Climate And Structure
The Dasht-e Kavir's climate is almost rainless and the area is very arid. Temperatures can reach 50-55 °C in summer, and the average tem...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Agiary: Encyclopedia Ii - Agiary - Fire Temples Today
Fire Temples today are meeting places for Zoroastrians, as well as housing the sacred fire. Non-Zoroastrians are strictly prohibited from...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dari Zoroastrian: Encyclopedia Ii - Dari Zoroastrian - Dari's Endangered Status
The vitality of the Dari language is being affected, or has been affected in the past, by two main types of pressure: economic and politi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Traditional Water Sources Of Persian Antiquity: Encyclopedia Ii - Traditional Water Sources Of Persian Antiquity - Ab Anbar
See main article: Ab anbar Ab Anbars have a long history in Iran, and there are still some ab anbars remaining today from the 13th centur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zoroastrianism: Encyclopedia Ii - Zoroastrianism - History
Zoroastrianism was the favored religion of the two great dynasties of ancient Persia, the Achaemenids and Sassanids. However, because we ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isfahan Province: Encyclopedia Ii - Isfahan Province - Isfahan Province Today
Isfahan province has many centers of attraction aside from the city of Isfahan itself. Kashan for example is a well worth destination for...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Gardens: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Gardens - History
The style may be traced to ancient times centuries before the common era. For example, the outline of Cyrus I's garden, which adjoined a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persecution Of Bahá'ís: Encyclopedia Ii - Persecution Of Bahá'ís - Contexts
Persecution of Bahá'ís - Historical context. The Bahá'í Faith grew out of the Bábís which was estabilished in 1844 by the Báb in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran - History
Sometime around 1500 to 1000 BC, the Iranian nomads of Indo-European stock emigrated to the Iranian plateau possibly from Central Asia. I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zoroastrianism: Encyclopedia Ii - Zoroastrianism - History
Zoroastrianism was the favored religion of the two great dynasties of ancient Persia, the Achaemenids and Sassanids. However, because we ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isfahan Province: Encyclopedia Ii - Isfahan Province - History And Culture
Historians have recorded initially as a defense and military base. The security and protection of the gradually increasing castles and fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Status Of Religious Freedom In Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Status Of Religious Freedom In Iran - Abuses Of Religious Freedom
Status of religious freedom in Iran - Baha'is. According to the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States, sinc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Status Of Religious Freedom In Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Status Of Religious Freedom In Iran - Societal Attitudes
The continuous activity of the country’s pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities, such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians, has accustome...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isfahan Province: Encyclopedia Ii - Isfahan Province - Geography
The province of Isfahan covers an area of approximately 107,027 square km and is situated in the center of Iran. To its north, stand the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shiraz Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Shiraz Iran - Attractions Of Shiraz
Major popular attrcations in Shirāz include: Tomb of Hafez Tomb of Saadi Tomb of Khaju e Kermani 9th century Atigh Jame' Mosque Tomb of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shiraz Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Shiraz Iran - Universities Of Shirāz
During the Shāh's era, Shirāz had an excellent academic community. Shiraz University (former Pahlavi University) was an English-speakin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Status Of Religious Freedom In Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Status Of Religious Freedom In Iran - Views Of The Us Government
The U.S. Government makes clear its objections to the Government’s treatment of religious minorities in public statements, support for ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shiraz Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Shiraz Iran - Transportation
Shiraz is accessible via freeways to Isfahan, roadways to Bushehr, railways, and air. Shiraz Iran - Airports. Shiraz International Air...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kerman Province: Encyclopedia Ii - Kerman Province - Introduction
Kerman is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. It is in the south-east of the country. Its center is Kerman. The province of Kerman is the th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shiraz Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Shiraz Iran - Shiraz In Poetry
Shiraz Iran - Baba Taher. شوم یک سر برونم تا به شیراز که در هر منزلم صد آشنایی "Straight to Shi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran - Culture
Iran has a long history of art, music, architecture, poetry, philosophy, Traditions, and ideology. Many Iranians believe their culture to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Rug: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Rug - Anatolian & Persian
It is also important to differentiate between Anatolian (Turkish) carpets and Persian Carpets. Persian carpets come from present day Iran...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Rug: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Rug - The Persian Rug Today
Although carpet production has mostly become mechanized today, the traditional hand woven rugs are still widely found all around the worl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Rug: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Rug - History
With the passage of time, the materials used in carpets, including wool and cotton, decay. Therefore archaeologists are not able to make ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Gardens: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Gardens - Styles
The six primary styles of the Persian garden may be seen in the following table, which puts them in the context of their function and sty...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Traditional Water Sources Of Persian Antiquity: Encyclopedia Ii - Traditional Water Sources Of Persian Antiquity - Qanat And Kariz
Persia’s Qanat system dates back long ways, probably thousands of years old (5, 188). The Qanats mostly came in from higher elevations,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Traditional Water Sources Of Persian Antiquity: Encyclopedia Ii - Traditional Water Sources Of Persian Antiquity - Location
Public ab anbars were often built wherever demand dictated. But factors such as accessibility of ab anbars to karizes, ease of accessibil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zoroastrianism: Encyclopedia Ii - Zoroastrianism - Adherents
Small but thriving Zoroastrian communities are found in India, Pakistan, Iran, as well as major urban areas in United States, Canada, Eng...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zoroastrianism: Encyclopedia Ii - Zoroastrianism - Holy Book
The Holy Book of Zoroastrianism is called the Zend Avesta. The Zend is the commentary on the teaching and the Avesta is the original teac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zoroastrianism: Encyclopedia Ii - Zoroastrianism - The Prophet
Relatively little is known about the Prophet Zoroaster and even the period in which he lived is disputed. Usually he is placed roughly ne...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Traditional Water Sources Of Persian Antiquity: Encyclopedia Ii - Traditional Water Sources Of Persian Antiquity - Preservation
In Qazvin, which was once dubbed as the city of ab anbars (4, 99), today less than 10 ab anbars remain intact from the destructive forces...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Gardens: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Gardens - Elements Of The Persian Garden
Sun light and its effects were an important factor of structural design in Persian gardens, textures and shapes were specifically chosen ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Odoric Of Pordenone: Encyclopedia Ii - Odoric Of Pordenone - Manuscripts And Published Editions
Seventy-three manuscripts of Odoric's narrative are known to exist in Latin, French and Italian: of these the chief is in Paris, National...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran - Geography
Iran borders Azerbaijan (length of border: 432 km / 268 mi ) and Armenia (35 km / 22mi) to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran - Government And Politics
Iran is a constitutional Islamic Republic, whose political system is laid out in the 1979 constitution called Qanun-e Asasi. Iran's makeu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran And Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran And Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Chemical Weapons
Iran signed the Chemical Weapons Convention on January 13, 1993 and ratified it on November 3, 1997 [2]. Like most other signatories, it ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran's Nuclear Program: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran's Nuclear Program - Timeline
1967: The Tehran Nuclear Research Center is built and run by the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI). July 1968: Iran signs the Nuc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran - Economy
Iran's economy is a mixture of central planning, state ownership of oil and other large enterprises, village agriculture, and small-scale...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran - Demographics
Iran - Ethnic groups. The majority of Iran's population speak one of the Iranian languages, though Persian is the official language. Wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Odoric Of Pordenone: Encyclopedia Ii - Odoric Of Pordenone - The Fame Of His Journeys
The fame of his vast journeys appears to have made a much greater impression on the laity of his native territory than on his Franciscan ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Muzaffarids: Encyclopedia Ii - Muzaffarids - Muzaffarid Decline
When Zain Al-Abidin succeeded his father, he quickly ignored the declaration of loyalty. Timur therefore marched into the Muzaffarid land...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Muzaffarids: Encyclopedia Ii - Muzaffarids - The Reign Of Shah Shuja
Shah Shuja proved to be a less of a tyrannic figure, but he was constantly fighting with his brothers, causing a long period of instabili...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Language - History
Persian is a member of the Indo-European family of languages, and within that family it belongs to the Indo-Iranian branch. Scholars beli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian Language - Phonology
The Persian language has six vowels and twenty-three consonants, including two affricates /ʧ/ (ch) and /ʤ/ (j). Historically, Persian d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran - Geography
Iran borders Azerbaijan (length of border: 432 km / 268 mi ) and Armenia (35 km / 22mi) to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran - Economy
Iran's economy is a mixture of central planning, state ownership of oil and other large enterprises, village agriculture, and small-scale...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran - Provinces
Iran consists of 30 provinces: Tehran Qom Markazi Qazvin Gilan Ardabil Zanjan East Azarbaijan West Azarbaijan Kurdistan Hamadan Kermansh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran - Government And Politics
Iran is a constitutional Islamic Republic, whose political system is laid out in the 1979 constitution called Qanun-e Asasi. Iran's makeu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hafez: Encyclopedia Ii - Hafez - One Of His Poems
Without the beloved’s face, the rose is not pleasant. Without wine, spring is not pleasant. The border of the sward and the air of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran - Demographics
Iran - Ethnic groups. The majority of Iran's population speak one of the Iranian languages, though only Persian is an official language...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran - Culture
Like all ancient civilizations, culture constitutes the focal point and heart of Iranian civilization. The art, music, architecture, poet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Castles: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Castles - Castles Of Finland
List of castles - External links. Medieval castles at Virtual Finland Castles of Finland (pictures) Museums and Castles at National Bo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iranian Architecture: Encyclopedia Ii - Iranian Architecture - Iranian Architects
See main article: List of historical Iranian architects. Persian architects were a highly sought after stock in the old days, before the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iranian Architecture: Encyclopedia Ii - Iranian Architecture - Post-islamic Architecture Of Persia Iran
Built during the Safavid period, an excellent example of Islamic Architecture in Persia (Iran). The fall of the Persian empire to invadin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iran Air: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran Air - Services
Iran operates the following services (at January 2005): Domestic scheduled destinations: Ahwaz, Ardabil, Bandar Abbas, Bandar Lengeh, Bu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hafez: Encyclopedia Ii - Hafez - After Death; Influence
Not much acclaimed in his own day and often exposed to the reproaches of orthodoxy, he greatly influenced subsequent Persian poets, and l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hafez: Encyclopedia Ii - Hafez - After Death; Collected Works
There is no definitive version of his collected works (or diwan); editions vary from 573 to 994 poems. In Iran, his collected works have ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zoroastrianism: Encyclopedia Ii - Zoroastrianism - Holy Book
The Holy Book of Zoroastrianism is called the Zend Avesta. The Zend is the commentary on the teaching and the Avesta is the original teac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zoroastrianism: Encyclopedia Ii - Zoroastrianism - Principles Of Modern-day Zoroastrianism
Some major Zoroastrian concepts: Equality of sex. Men and women are equal in all manners within society. Cleanliness of the environment....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zoroastrianism: Encyclopedia Ii - Zoroastrianism - The Prophet
Relatively little is known about the Prophet Zoroaster and even the period he lived in is disputed. Usually he is placed roughly near 100...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zoroastrianism: Encyclopedia Ii - Zoroastrianism - Specific Zoroastrian Concepts
Zoroastrianism teaches many of the concepts found in the major Abrahamic faiths such as Heaven, Hell, Day of judgement, the concept of Sa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zoroastrianism: Encyclopedia Ii - Zoroastrianism - Principal Beliefs
Ahura Mazda is the beginning and the end, the creator of everything which can and cannot be seen, the Eternal, the Pure and the only Trut...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zoroastrianism: Encyclopedia Ii - Zoroastrianism - Adherents
Small but thriving Zoroastrian communities are found in India, Pakistan, Iran, as well as major urban areas in United States, Canada, Eng...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zoroastrianism: Encyclopedia Ii - Zoroastrianism - Famous Zoroastrians
Famous Parsis include the founder of Indian Civil Aviation and legendary industrialist J. R. D. Tata, Phirozeshah Mehta, Dadabhai Naoroji...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dasht-e Kavir: Encyclopedia Ii - Dasht-e Kavir - Wildlife
Vegetation in the Dasht-e Kavir is adapted to the hot and arid climate as well as to the saline soil in which it is rooted. Common plant ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dari Zoroastrian: Encyclopedia Ii - Dari Zoroastrian - Dari's Dialects
The Dari language has traditionally been divided into two main dialects: the variety spoken in Yazd and the one spoken in Kerman. This di...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soma: Encyclopedia Ii - Soma - Persian Haoma
The Iranian peoples called the drink Haoma. In Persia, the early Aryan rituals were reformed by Zoroaster. Our knowledge is sketchy, but ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soma: Encyclopedia Ii - Soma - Soma In Indian Tradition
Soma - Vedas. In the Vedas, or Vedic scriptures, Soma is portrayed as sacred and as a god (deva). The god is the plant and the drink; t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Status Of Religious Freedom In Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Status Of Religious Freedom In Iran - Status Of Religious Freedom
Iran restricts freedom of religion. The Constitution declares that the "official religion of Iran is Islam and the doctrine followed is t...   » Read the article