Yazd

Yazd or Yezd (In Persian: یزد), is one of the most ancient and historical cities of Iran (Persia). The city is located some 175 miles southeast of Isfahan, at 31.92° North, 54.37° East. In of 2005 it had an estimated population of about 433,836 people.[1] The city is the capital of Iran's Yazd province. Yazd - Introduction. Yazd is a unique desert city. Because of high quality and originality, handicrafts from Yazd enjoyed a global reputation before modern industrial mechan ...

Including:

• Yazd - Introduction
• Yazd - History
• Yazd - Yazd today
• Yazd - Famous people from Yazd
• Yazd - Universities of Yazd
• Yazd - Sister cities

Read more here: » Yazd: Encyclopedia - Yazd

Yazd is an old and historical place and is located in the middle of Fars, Isfahan, Kerman and Khorasan provinces, making it an important crossroad during the ages. Arduous roads and shortage of water sources, among other reasons, have been a hindrance for conquering Yazd by various armies and invaders throughout history. The city is known to date back to the 3rd millennium BC. It was anciently known as Ysatis. The city of Yazd’s first mention in historic records predate it back to around 3000 years BC when it was related to b ...

See also:

Yazd, Yazd - Introduction, Yazd - History, Yazd - Yazd today, Yazd - Famous people from Yazd, Yazd - Universities of Yazd, Yazd - Sister cities

Read more here: » Yazd: Encyclopedia II - Yazd - History

Dasht-e Kavir (دشت كوير in Persian), also known as Kavir-e Namak or Great Salt Desert is a large desert lying in the middle of the Iranian Plateau. It is ca. 800 km long and 320 km wide. The area of this desert stretches from the Alborz mountain range in the north-west to the Dasht-e Lut ("Emptyness Desert") in the south-east and is partitioned between the Iranian provinces of Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, Isfahan and Yazd. It is named after the salt marshes (kavirs) located there. Dasht-e Kavi ...

Including:

• Dasht-e Kavir - Climate and structure
• Dasht-e Kavir - Wildlife
• Dasht-e Kavir - Cultivation
• Dasht-e Kavir - Features

Read more here: » Dasht-e Kavir: Encyclopedia - Dasht-e Kavir

Dari is the local written name for the Persian language in Afghanistan used mainly in official papers. While the Afghans in their daily usage and spoken language call this language Persian (locally: Fârsi) they are commanded by the government to use the name "Dari' for it, while writing. "Dari" is an abbreviation of the name Court Persian (Fârsi-yi Dari). The name Court Persian was used in old times to refer to the Standard form of Persian. Breaking of that name was made by a certain Pashtu King for some political reasons. So in fact he decided to change the name of ...

Read more here: » Dari Afghanistan: Encyclopedia - Dari Afghanistan

A Fire Temple (also Dar-e Mihr, or Atash Kadeh in Iran, Agiary in India, and various names in North America) is a place of worship for Zoroastrians. It is typically a building with a hall and various rooms or chambers, the most holy of which houses a sacred fire, which laymen make offerings to and priests perform rituals before. In Zoroastrianism fire is revered as the son of Ahura Mazda, and represented by the Amesha Spenta Asha Vahishta, or "Best Righteousness." There are three grades of fires: the Atash ...

Including:

• Agiary - Origins
• Agiary - Development
• Agiary - The Great Fires
• Agiary - From Muslim Invasions to Present
• Agiary - Fire Temples Today
• Agiary - List of Atash Behrams
• Agiary - List of Fire Temples: South Asia
• Agiary - List of Fire Temples: Iran
• Agiary - List of Fire Temples: Iran
• Agiary - List of Fire Temples: North America
• Agiary - Related Links

Read more here: » Agiary: Encyclopedia - Agiary

Zoroastrianism was once the "official" religion of Sassanid (Sassanian) Persia, and played an important role in the Achaemenid as well as Parthian empires in Persia. The religion is also known as Mazdaism by some followers; and currently, as Zarathustrianism by others. Zoroastrian areas once stretched from Anatolia to the Persian Gulf, and its followers once numbered in the millions. Its followers today, located in South Asia, Iran, and throughout the diaspora, num ...

Including:

• Zoroastrianism - Principal beliefs
• Zoroastrianism - Specific Zoroastrian concepts
• Zoroastrianism - The Prophet
• Zoroastrianism - Zoroaster's meditations
• Zoroastrianism - Zoroaster's preaching
• Zoroastrianism - Holy Book
• Zoroastrianism - History
• Zoroastrianism - Historical importance
• Zoroastrianism - Principles of modern-day Zoroastrianism
• Zoroastrianism - Adherents
• Zoroastrianism - Famous Zoroastrians
• Zoroastrianism - Notes

Read more here: » Zoroastrianism: Encyclopedia - Zoroastrianism

The Towers of Silence (also dakhma or dokhma) are Zoroastrian funerary towers, the majority of which are located in Mumbai, India, belonging to Parsi Zoroastrians, and in Yazd and Kerman, Iran, belonging to the Iranian Zoroastrians. Zoroastrians consider the dead body to be unclean, and their religion prohibits allowing corpses to pollute the pure elements of earth and fire. Corpses are therefore placed atop the Towers of Silence for their flesh to be consumed by vultures. Once the bones have been bleached by the sun and wind, they are ...

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Dari is the first language of an estimated 2,000 to 3,000 persons living in and around the cities of Yazd and Kerman in central Iran. While Dari is spoken in a geographical area that is predominately Muslim, it is the proprietary language of the area’s Zoroastrians, followers of the pre-Islamic religion of Iran. Genetically, Dari is a member of the Northwestern Iranian language subfamily, which includes several other closely related languages, e.g. Kurdish, Gilaki, Balochi. The Northwestern Iranian languages themselves comprise a br ...

Including:

• Dari Zoroastrian - Dari's name
• Dari Zoroastrian - Dari's dialects
• Dari Zoroastrian - Dari's endangered status
• Dari Zoroastrian - Select bibliography

Read more here: » Dari Zoroastrian: Encyclopedia - Dari Zoroastrian

Soma (Sanskrit), or Haoma (Avestan) (from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Sauma) was a ritual drink of importance among the early Indo-Iranians, and the later Vedic and Iranian cultures. It is frequently mentioned in the Rigveda, which contains many hymns praising its energizing or intoxicating qualities. It is described as prepared by pressing juice from the stalks of a certain mountain plant, which has been variously hypothesized to be a psychedelic mushroom, cannabis, or ephedra. In both Indian and Iranian tradition, the drink is ...

Including:

• Soma - Etymology
• Soma - Soma in Indian tradition
• Soma - Vedas
• Soma - Other Hindu texts
• Soma - Hinduism
• Soma - Persian Haoma
• Soma - Candidates for the Soma plant
• Soma - Hallucinogenic
• Soma - Ephedra
• Soma - Archaeological evidence

Read more here: » Soma: Encyclopedia - Soma

List of historical Iranian architects - inside Iran. Mohsen Foroughi (law college) Hooshang Seyhoon (Ibn sina monument/Nader shah Monument/Baba Taher Monument) Abdolaziz Farmanfarmayan (university of tehran mosques and technical college/Azadi sport complex/Niavaran Palace) Kamran Diba (Tehran musuem of contemporary arts/Niavaran garden and cultural complex/[1],[2]) Hadi Mirmiran (First place in most 1990s major competitions/The only architect won a medal of honor in art a ...

See also:

List of historical Iranian architects, List of historical Iranian architects - Pre-Islamic, List of historical Iranian architects - First four centuries of The Islamic Era, List of historical Iranian architects - 11th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 12th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 13th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 14th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 15th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 16th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 17th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 18th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 19th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 20th century, List of historical Iranian architects - Contemporary, List of historical Iranian architects - inside Iran, List of historical Iranian architects - outside Iran, List of historical Iranian architects - References used

Read more here: » List of historical Iranian architects: Encyclopedia II - List of historical Iranian architects - Contemporary

List of castles - Burgenland. Burg Bernstein Burg Forchtenstein Burg Güssing Burgruine Landsee Burg Lockenhaus Burg Schlaining List of castles - Carinthia. Burgruine Aichelberg Burgruine Aichelburg Klosterruine Arnoldstein Burgruine Dietrichstein Burgruine Falkenstein (Oberfalkenstein) Burg Falkenstein (Niederfalkenstein) Burgruine Feldsberg Burgruine ...

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List of castles, List of castles - Castles of Africa, List of castles - Castles of Armenia, List of castles - Castles of Austria, List of castles - Burgenland, List of castles - Carinthia, List of castles - Lower Austria, List of castles - Salzburg, List of castles - Styria, List of castles - Tirol, List of castles - Upper Austria, List of castles - Vorarlberg, List of castles - Castles of Belarus, List of castles - Castles of Belgium, List of castles - Castles of Canada, List of castles - Castles of China, List of castles - Castles of Cyprus, List of castles - Castles of the Czech Republic, List of castles - Castles of Denmark, List of castles - Castles of Estonia, List of castles - Castles of Finland, List of castles - External links, List of castles - Castles of France, List of castles - Castles of Georgia, List of castles - Castles of Germany, List of castles - Castles of Greece, List of castles - Castles of Iran, List of castles - Castles in the Republic of Ireland, List of castles - Castles of Israel, List of castles - Castles of Italy, List of castles - South Tyrol former Austria, List of castles - Castles of Japan, List of castles - External link, List of castles - Castles of Latvia, List of castles - Castles of Lithuania, List of castles - Castles of Mexico, List of castles - Castles in Moldova, List of castles - Castles in the Netherlands, List of castles - Castles of New Zealand, List of castles - Castles of Norway, List of castles - Castles of Poland, List of castles - External links, List of castles - Castles of Portugal, List of castles - Castles of Romania, List of castles - Castles of Russia, List of castles - Castles of Slovakia, List of castles - External links, List of castles - Castles of Spain, List of castles - Castles of Switzerland, List of castles - Castles of Sweden, List of castles - Finnish castles, List of castles - Castles in Syria, List of castles - Castles in Ukraine, List of castles - Castles in the United Kingdom, List of castles - Castles in the United States, List of castles - Crusader Castles, List of castles - Fictional castles

Read more here: » List of castles: Encyclopedia II - List of castles - Castles of Austria

Religious minorities, by law and practice, are barred from being elected to a representative body (except to the seats in the Majles reserved for minorities, as provided for in the Constitution) and from holding senior government or military positions. Members of religious minorities are allowed to vote, but they may not run for President. All religious minorities suffer varying degrees of officially sa ...

See also:

Status of religious freedom in Iran, Status of religious freedom in Iran - Religious demography, Status of religious freedom in Iran - Status of religious freedom, Status of religious freedom in Iran - Restrictions on religious freedom, Status of religious freedom in Iran - Bahá'ís, Status of religious freedom in Iran - Jews, Status of religious freedom in Iran - Mandaeans, Status of religious freedom in Iran - Sunnis Sufis and other Muslims, Status of religious freedom in Iran - Abuses of religious freedom, Status of religious freedom in Iran - Baha'is, Status of religious freedom in Iran - Christians, Status of religious freedom in Iran - Jews, Status of religious freedom in Iran - Sunni Muslims and Zoroastrians, Status of religious freedom in Iran - Societal attitudes, Status of religious freedom in Iran - Views of the US Government, Status of religious freedom in Iran - Source

Read more here: » Status of religious freedom in Iran: Encyclopedia II - Status of religious freedom in Iran - Restrictions on religious freedom

By evidence, the history of architecture and urban planning in Iran (Persia) dates back some 10 thousand years ago. Persians were among the first to use mathematics, geometry, and astronomy in architecture. Teppe Sialk, an important ziggurat near Kashan, built 7000 years ago, represents one such prehistoric site in Persia whose inhabitants were the initiators of a simple and rudimentary housing technique. Persian (Iranian) architecture left a profound influence on the architecture of old civilizations. Professor Arthur Pope wrote: "Ar ...

See also:

Iranian architecture, Iranian architecture - Pre-Islamic Architecture of Persia Iran, Iranian architecture - Post-Islamic Architecture of Persia Iran, Iranian architecture - UNESCO designated World Heritage Sites, Iranian architecture - Iranian architects, Iranian architecture - List of Iranian architecture related topics

Read more here: » Iranian architecture: Encyclopedia II - Iranian architecture - Pre-Islamic Architecture of Persia Iran

Iran Air was established on February 24, 1962, after Iranian Airways and Persian Air Services joined together under the name of Iran National Airlines Corporation, known as Iran Air. Iranian Airways had been the first Iranian flag carrier and was formed in 1946. Iran Air soon built a large route structure and a dense domestic network. The first planes used by the company were the Avro York, Douglas DC-3, Douglas DC-6 and Vickers Viscount. The carrier b ...

See also:

Iran Air, Iran Air - History, Iran Air - Incidents and Accidents, Iran Air - Services, Iran Air - Fleet

Read more here: » Iran Air: Encyclopedia II - Iran Air - History

The vast majority of modern Persian text is written in a form of the Arabic alphabet. In recent years the Latin alphabet has been used by some for technological or internationalization reasons. Persian language - Arabic Alphabet. Modern Persian is normally written using a modified variant of the Arabic alphabet. After the conversion of Persia to Islam (see Islamic conquest of Iran), it took approximately one hundred fifty years before Persians adopted the Arabic alphabet as a replacem ...

See also:

Persian language, Persian language - History, Persian language - Nomenclature, Persian language - Dialects and close languages, Persian language - Orthography, Persian language - Arabic Alphabet, Persian language - Latin Alphabet, Persian language - Phonology, Persian language - Grammar, Persian language - Vocabulary

Read more here: » Persian language: Encyclopedia II - Persian language - Orthography

The altitudes and heights of the province are the continuation of the central mountain ranges of Iran. They extend from the volcanic folds beginning in Azarbaijan, and by branching out in the central plateau of Iran, terminate in Baluchestan. These mountain ranges have brought about vast plains in the province of Kerman. The Bashagard and Koohbanan Mountains are the highest in this region, and include peaks such as, Toghrol, Aljerd, Palvar, Sirach, Abareq and Tahrood. Other ranges that stretch out from Yazd to Kerman and Challeh-ye-Jazmoorian, include peaks like Medvar, Shahr-e-Babak, Kooh Panj, Chehe ...

See also:

Kerman Province, Kerman Province - Introduction, Kerman Province - Geography, Kerman Province - History and culture, Kerman Province - Kerman today, Kerman Province - Colleges and Universities

Read more here: » Kerman Province: Encyclopedia II - Kerman Province - Geography

The Muzaffarids originated in Khorasan but fled to Yazd during the Mongol invasion. Serving under the Il-Khans, they gained prominence when Sharaf al-Din Muzaffar was made governor of Maibud, a town near Yazd. He was tasked with crushing the robber-bands that were roaming around the country. Sharaf al-Din's son, Mubariz ad-Din Muhammad, was brought up at the Il-Khan's court but returned to Maibud upon the death of the Il-Khan Öljeitü. After some time, he defeated the ruler of Yazd and gained control of the city. Following this, he c ...

See also:

Muzaffarids, Muzaffarids - Rise to Power, Muzaffarids - The Reign of Shah Shuja, Muzaffarids - Muzaffarid Decline, Muzaffarids - Muzaffarid Rulers

Read more here: » Muzaffarids: Encyclopedia II - Muzaffarids - Rise to Power

There are many accounts as to the beginning of Mehregan. A few, different versions are listed below: Mehregan is a day of victory when Angels helped Fereydoun and Kaveh become victorious over Zahak. They imprisoned and chained him to the mount Damavand. Mehregan is the day God gave light to the world, that had previously been dark. On this day Mashya and Mashyaneh (a concept of Semitic Adam and Eve) were created. On this day the sun was created. Among all Iranian festivities, the two most important feasts were considered to be Norouz and Meh ...

See also:

Mehregan, Mehregan - Roots, Mehregan - Mehr's influence, Mehregan - Ancient Rituals, Mehregan - Modern celebrating, Mehregan - External link

Read more here: » Mehregan: Encyclopedia II - Mehregan - Roots

Iran's Premier Football League - Local Leagues. 1960 Shahin Abadan 1961 No League Competition 1962 Daraei FC 1963-1966 not held 1967 Pas 1968 Pas 1969 No League Competition 1970 Taj 1971 Not Completed 1972 No League Competition Iran's Premier Football League - Takhte Jamshid Cup. 1973 Persepolis FC 1974 Taj 1975 Persepolis FC 1976 PasSee also:

Iran's Premier Football League, Iran's Premier Football League - Pre-1970s, Iran's Premier Football League - Takhte Jamshid Cup, Iran's Premier Football League - 1980s, Iran's Premier Football League - Azadegan League, Iran's Premier Football League - IPL: Iranian Premier League, Iran's Premier Football League - Teams of Iran's Premier Football League 2005-2006 season, Iran's Premier Football League - League champions, Iran's Premier Football League - Local Leagues, Iran's Premier Football League - Takhte Jamshid Cup, Iran's Premier Football League - 1980s, Iran's Premier Football League - Qods League, Iran's Premier Football League - Azadegan League, Iran's Premier Football League - IPL

Read more here: » Iran's Premier Football League: Encyclopedia II - Iran's Premier Football League - League champions

The vast majority of modern Persian text is written in a form of the Arabic alphabet. In recent years the Latin alphabet has been used by some for technological or internationalization reasons. (See http://unipers.com for one proposed Romanization) Persian language - Arabic Alphabet. Main article: Persian alphabet Modern Persian is normally written using a ...

See also:

Persian language, Persian language - History, Persian language - Nomenclature, Persian language - Dialects and close languages, Persian language - Orthography, Persian language - Arabic Alphabet, Persian language - Latin Alphabet, Persian language - Phonology, Persian language - Grammar, Persian language - Vocabulary

Read more here: » Persian language: Encyclopedia II - Persian language - Orthography