Yaska Acharya is a celebrated Sanskrit scholar and grammarian of ancient India. He is believed to have flourished, according to one school as early as during eighth BCE, while according to other, as late as during third century BCE. Acharya Yaska is the author of a well known ancient work on etymology of Sanskrit words, known as Nirukta. He is thought to have succeeded Sakatayana, an old grammarian and expositor of the Vedas, as the lat ...

Including:

• Yaska - External link

Read more here: » Yaska: Encyclopedia - Yaska

See also:

Language and ethnicity of Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Yaska's Nirukata on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Patanjali's Mahabhasaaya on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Ernst Kuhn's views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Grierson's earlier views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Bhuridatta Jataka on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Grierson's changed views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Further evidence on Kambojas being non-Indo Aryans, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Mahabharata on Kamboja culture, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Majjhima Nikaya on Kamboja social customs, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Panini's Ganapatha on Kamboja/Yavana culture, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Kamboja: a non-Brahmanical society, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Devi Bhagawatam & Markandeya Purana evidence, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Some scholarly opinions on Kambojas' ethnicity, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Iranian vs Indian affinities of the Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Classical defintion of Scythia/Scythians, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Scythic vs Indo-Aryan question

Read more here: » Language and ethnicity of Kambojas: Encyclopedia II - Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Bhuridatta Jataka on Kambojas

Almost similar information on the Kambojas is also provided by Patanjali's Mahaabhaasya (2nd c BC). Sanskrit: zavatir gatikarmaa kamboje.sv eva bhaa.sito bhavati, vikaara enam aaryaa bha.sante zava iti | — (Mahaabhaasya). English: The verb 'zav' in the sense of 'going' is used only among the Kambojas. The same verb in the nominal form 'zava' is used by the Aaryas in the sens ...

See also:

Language and ethnicity of Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Yaska's Nirukata on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Patanjali's Mahabhasaaya on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Ernst Kuhn's views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Grierson's earlier views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Bhuridatta Jataka on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Grierson's changed views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Further evidence on Kambojas being non-Indo Aryans, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Mahabharata on Kamboja culture, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Majjhima Nikaya on Kamboja social customs, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Panini's Ganapatha on Kamboja/Yavana culture, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Kamboja: a non-Brahmanical society, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Devi Bhagawatam & Markandeya Purana evidence, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Some scholarly opinions on Kambojas' ethnicity, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Iranian vs Indian affinities of the Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Classical defintion of Scythia/Scythians, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Scythic vs Indo-Aryan question

Read more here: » Language and ethnicity of Kambojas: Encyclopedia II - Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Patanjali's Mahabhasaaya on Kambojas

The Vedangas: There are six Angas or explanatory limbs, to the Vedas: the Siksha and Vyakarana of Panini, the Chhandas of Pingalacharya, the Nirukta of Yaska, the Jyotisha of Garga, and the Kalpas (Srauta, Grihya, Dharma and Sulba) belonging to the authorship of various Rishis.

Excerpt from All About Hinduism by Sri Swami Sivananda

Read more here: » Vedangas: The Vedangas in the Hindu Scriptures

Nirukta is one of the six Vedanga disciplines of Hinduism, treating etymology. Nirukta sutras consist of glossaries of difficult or rare Vedic words. One important work on Nirukta relates to Yaska, an ancient Sanskrit scholar and grammarian, believed to have flourished as early as in 800-700 BCE, according to one school and as late as 300 BCE according to other. Yaska's Nirukta (etymology) consists of three parts, viz.: (i) Naighantuka, a collection of synonyms; (ii) Naigama, a collection of words peculiar to the Vedas, and (iii) Daivata< ...

Including:

• Nirukta - External link

Read more here: » Nirukta: Encyclopedia - Nirukta

Samudra is a Sanskrit term for ocean. The term occurs over 150 times in the Rig Veda. There are more references to the Samudra than to rivers in the Rig Veda. The oldest vedic commentators like the Brihaddevata of Shaunaka, Nighantu and the Nirukta of Yaska interpret the term Samudra as ocean. The scholar G.V. Davane studied the occurences of the term samudra in the Rig Veda and concluded that the term means "terrestrial ocean". (Davane, G. V. 1982. An Ana ...

Including:

• Samudra - Samudra and rivers
• Samudra - Samudra and Vedic deities
• Samudra - Ships
• Samudra - Related terms

Read more here: » Samudra: Encyclopedia - Samudra

Sanskrit grammatical tradition (vyākaraṇa, one of the six Vedanga disciplines) begins in late Vedic India, and culminates in the Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini (ca. 5th century BC). Sanskrit grammarians - Panini's school. Panini's work had a phenomenal success, and later Sanskrit grammarians were essentially reduced to the role of his commentators, and ...

Including:

• Sanskrit grammarians - Panini's school
• Sanskrit grammarians - Early Accounts
• Sanskrit grammarians - Beginning of Western scholarship
• Sanskrit grammarians - 19th century
• Sanskrit grammarians - Modern period

Read more here: » Sanskrit grammarians: Encyclopedia - Sanskrit grammarians

Shruti Vedas Rig Veda Sama Veda Yajur Veda Atharva Veda Brahmanas Aranyakas Upanishads Smriti Itihāsas Mahābhārata Bhagavad Gītā Ramayana Puranas (List) Tantras Sutras (List) Stotras Ashtavakra Gita Git ...

Including:

• Rigveda - Text
• Rigveda - Books
• Rigveda - Translations
• Rigveda - Internal evidence
• Rigveda - Hindu tradition
• Rigveda - More recent Indian views
• Rigveda - Editions
• Rigveda - Translations
• Rigveda - Bibliography

Read more here: » Rigveda: Encyclopedia - Rigveda

That the killing of lower animals is a Zoroastrian religious practice is amply attested from the passages in Mazdean books like the Videvati (XIV.5-6) as well as from the remarks of Herodotus (I.140) about the Persian religion. The above disclosures from Bhuridatta Jataka completely changed Dr Grierson's views on the Kambojas. Thence-afterwards, he started considering the Kambojas an undoubted tribe of the Iranians. Dr Grierson re-wrote: "This gatha, by itself, establishes a close connections between the ancient Kambojas and th ...

See also:

Language and ethnicity of Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Yaska's Nirukata on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Patanjali's Mahabhasaaya on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Ernst Kuhn's views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Grierson's earlier views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Bhuridatta Jataka on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Grierson's changed views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Further evidence on Kambojas being non-Indo Aryans, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Mahabharata on Kamboja culture, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Majjhima Nikaya on Kamboja social customs, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Panini's Ganapatha on Kamboja/Yavana culture, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Kamboja: a non-Brahmanical society, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Devi Bhagawatam & Markandeya Purana evidence, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Some scholarly opinions on Kambojas' ethnicity, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Iranian vs Indian affinities of the Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Classical defintion of Scythia/Scythians, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Scythic vs Indo-Aryan question

Read more here: » Language and ethnicity of Kambojas: Encyclopedia II - Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Grierson's changed views

Dr V. S. Aggarwala: "As shown in the Jataka and Avestic literature, the Kamboja was a center of ancient Iranian civilization as is evidenced by the peculiar customs of the country " (The Kamboja Janapada, Jan 1964, Purana, Vol VI, No 1, p 229; Jataka edited by Fausboll, Vol VI, p 210 ). Dr J. C. Vidyalankar: "Zoroastrian religion had probably originated in Kamboja-land (Bacteria-Badakshan)....and the Kamboj ...

See also:

Language and ethnicity of Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Yaska's Nirukata on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Patanjali's Mahabhasaaya on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Ernst Kuhn's views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Grierson's earlier views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Bhuridatta Jataka on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Grierson's changed views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Further evidence on Kambojas being non-Indo Aryans, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Mahabharata on Kamboja culture, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Majjhima Nikaya on Kamboja social customs, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Panini's Ganapatha on Kamboja/Yavana culture, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Kamboja: a non-Brahmanical society, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Devi Bhagawatam & Markandeya Purana evidence, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Some scholarly opinions on Kambojas' ethnicity, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Iranian vs Indian affinities of the Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Classical defintion of Scythia/Scythians, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Scythic vs Indo-Aryan question

Read more here: » Language and ethnicity of Kambojas: Encyclopedia II - Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Some scholarly opinions on Kambojas' ethnicity

There are also references in Sanskrit literature which suggest that a section of the Kambojas was probably also under Vedic cultural influence. There is reference to a sage from Kamboja clan mentioned in the Vamsa Brahmana (1/18-19) of Sama Veda. Sage Kamboja is referred to as the pupil of sage Shaungayani Madrakara. Sage Madrakara belonged to Uttara-Madra tribe (Vedic Index). These Uttra-Madras were an Iranian settlement of the Bahlika Uttara-Madras (Jean Przyluski). An ancient Vedic Chudakarma Samskaara in Pa ...

See also:

Language and ethnicity of Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Yaska's Nirukata on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Patanjali's Mahabhasaaya on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Ernst Kuhn's views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Grierson's earlier views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Bhuridatta Jataka on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Grierson's changed views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Further evidence on Kambojas being non-Indo Aryans, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Mahabharata on Kamboja culture, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Majjhima Nikaya on Kamboja social customs, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Panini's Ganapatha on Kamboja/Yavana culture, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Kamboja: a non-Brahmanical society, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Devi Bhagawatam & Markandeya Purana evidence, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Some scholarly opinions on Kambojas' ethnicity, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Iranian vs Indian affinities of the Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Classical defintion of Scythia/Scythians, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Scythic vs Indo-Aryan question

Read more here: » Language and ethnicity of Kambojas: Encyclopedia II - Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Iranian vs Indian affinities of the Kambojas

Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Mahabharata on Kamboja culture. Mahabharata speaks of the Yavanas, Kambojas, Darunas etc as the fierce barbarians from Uttarapatha, Sanskrit: uttarashchapare mlechchha jana bharatasattama. || 63 || Yavanashcha sa Kamboja Daruna mlechchha jatayah. | — (MBH 6.11.63-64) and further reckons them among the sinful people, characterised by practices similar to those of chandalas and vultures i.e avaricious and greedy. e.g ...

See also:

Language and ethnicity of Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Yaska's Nirukata on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Patanjali's Mahabhasaaya on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Ernst Kuhn's views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Grierson's earlier views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Bhuridatta Jataka on Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Dr Grierson's changed views, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Further evidence on Kambojas being non-Indo Aryans, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Mahabharata on Kamboja culture, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Majjhima Nikaya on Kamboja social customs, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Panini's Ganapatha on Kamboja/Yavana culture, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Kamboja: a non-Brahmanical society, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Devi Bhagawatam & Markandeya Purana evidence, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Some scholarly opinions on Kambojas' ethnicity, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Iranian vs Indian affinities of the Kambojas, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Classical defintion of Scythia/Scythians, Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Scythic vs Indo-Aryan question

Read more here: » Language and ethnicity of Kambojas: Encyclopedia II - Language and ethnicity of Kambojas - Further evidence on Kambojas being non-Indo Aryans

Aurnavabha (Sanskrit) A grammarian mentioned in Yaska's Nirukta; also a demon in the Rig-Veda.

(See also: Aurnavabha, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

The battle of the ten kings was led against the Turvashas (one of the five vedic people of the RV), the Bhrigus (a family of Vedic seers related to the Angirasas), the Druhyus (one of the five vedic peoples), the Kavashas (a family of Rishis), the Anus (Vedic) (one of the five Vedic peoples) and others (e.g. RV. 7.18.6; 5.13.14; 7.18.12). Rig Veda 7.83.1-6 tells that Sudas defeated both Aryas and Dasyus. Part of this battle is also fought on the Parusni river, which according to Yaska (nirukta 9.26) refers ...

See also:

Sudas, Sudas - Battle of the ten kings, Sudas - Literature

Read more here: » Sudas: Encyclopedia II - Sudas - Battle of the ten kings

Kamboja Location - Linguistic evidence. The most acceptable view is that the ancient Kambojas originally belonged to the 'Galcha' speaking area (the Iranian Pamirs and Badakshan) in Central Asia (Linguistic Survey of India, Vol X, p 455, Dr G. A. Grierson). Yaska's Nirukata (II/2.8) attests that verb 'shavati' in the sense 'to go' was used by the Kambojas and only the Kambojas (Early Eastern Iran and Atharvaveda, 1980, 92, Dr Michael Witzel; also Nilukata, Vol I, Sarup). shavatir gatikarmaa Ka ...

See also:

Kamboja Location, Kamboja Location - Kambojas: a tribe of Uttarapatha, Kamboja Location - Epic evidence, Kamboja Location - Puranic Bhuvankosa evidence, Kamboja Location - Localization of Kamboja, Kamboja Location - Linguistic evidence, Kamboja Location - Vamsa Brahmana and Aitareya Brahmana evidence, Kamboja Location - Ptolemy's evidence, Kamboja Location - Raghuvamsa's evidence, Kamboja Location - Evidence from Commentator on Harsha-Carita, Kamboja Location - Hiun Tsang's evidence, Kamboja Location - Kalhana's evidence, Kamboja Location - Ramayana evidence, Kamboja Location - Sumerian evidence, Kamboja Location - Al-Idrisi's evidence, Kamboja Location - Praja Bhatta's evidence, Kamboja Location - Conclusion, Kamboja Location - Kamboja versus Parama Kamboja, Kamboja Location - Mahabharata evidence, Kamboja Location - Ptolemy's evidence, Kamboja Location - Evidence from Dasam-Granth, Kamboja Location - Galcha evidence, Kamboja Location - List of references

Read more here: » Kamboja Location: Encyclopedia II - Kamboja Location - Localization of Kamboja

Panini's work had a phenomenal success, and later Sanskrit grammarians were essentially reduced to the role of his commentators, and his predecessors are only known from references in the Ashtadhyayi itself. His work is still used, or at least referred to, in the teaching of Sanskrit today. Panini's grammar consists of several parts, of which the Ashtadhyayi, containing the morphological rules, forms the core: Shiva Sutras: phonology (See also:

Sanskrit grammarians, Sanskrit grammarians - Panini's school, Sanskrit grammarians - Early Accounts, Sanskrit grammarians - Beginning of Western scholarship, Sanskrit grammarians - 19th century, Sanskrit grammarians - Modern period

Read more here: » Sanskrit grammarians: Encyclopedia II - Sanskrit grammarians - Panini's school

Nighantu, Nighantuka (Sanskrit) [from the verbal root ghat, ghant to collect, bring together]

A glossary; particularly in the plural, the Vedic glossary explained by Yaska in his nirukta or glossarial commentary.

(See also: Nighantu, Nighantuka, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary)

The traditional Hindu explanation of the name Viṣṇu involves the root viś, meaning "to settle, to enter", or also (in the Rigveda) "to pervade", and a suffix nu, translating to approximately "the All-Pervading One". The early commentator on the Vedas,Yaska, in his Nirukta, defines Vishnu as 'vishnu vishateh; one who enters everywhere', and 'yad vishito bhavati tad vishnurbhavati; that which is free f ...

See also:

Vishnu, Vishnu - Etymology, Vishnu - Pre-Puranic Vishnu, Vishnu - In the Vedas, Vishnu - In the Brahmanas, Vishnu - In the Upanishads, Vishnu - Theological attributes and more, Vishnu - Relations with other Deities, Vishnu - Iconography, Vishnu - Worship, Vishnu - Names, Vishnu - Theological beliefs and philosophy

Read more here: » Vishnu: Encyclopedia II - Vishnu - Etymology

Nirukta (Sanskrit) [from nir forth, out + the verbal root vac to speak, utter]

Uttered, pronounced, expressed, defined; as a noun, the etymological interpretation of a word, also the name of such works, especially of a commentary on the Nighantus (a Vedic glossary) by Yaska, the oldest commentary on the Vedas presently known.

(See also: Nirukta, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary)

Nirukta Vedanga: (Sanskrit) "Etymology Veda-limb."

Auxiliary Vedic texts which discuss the origin and development of words; among the four linguistic skills taught for mastery of the Vedas and the rites of yajna. Nirukta relies upon ancient lexicons, nighantu, as well as detailed hymn indices, anukramani. Five nighantus existed at the time of Yaska (320 bce), whose treatise is regarded a standard work on Vedic etymology.

See: Vedanga.

(See also: Nirukta Vedanga, Hinduism, Body Mind and Soul)