Yaroslavl

Vladimir Oblast borders Moscow, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Ryazan, and Nizhny Novgorod Oblasts. Vladimir Oblast - Time zone. Vladimir Oblast is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). UTC offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD). ...

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Vladimir Oblast, Vladimir Oblast - Geography, Vladimir Oblast - Time zone, Vladimir Oblast - Administrative divisions, Vladimir Oblast - Districts, Vladimir Oblast - External link

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Yaroslavl Oblast was established on March 11, 1936. Oblast territory: 36,400 km² Population (2002): 1,368,000 Governor: Anatoly Ivanovich Lisitsyn Administrative center: Yaroslavl Distance from Yaroslavl to Moscow: 282 km Number of cities under the oblast's jurisdiction: 6 Number of cities under the districts jurisdiction: 5 Number of districts: 17 Urban population: over 80% Number of historical and architectural monuments: over 5,000 Number of tourists (1997): 272,500

Yaroslavl Oblast, Yaroslavl Oblast - Basic facts, Yaroslavl Oblast - Time zone, Yaroslavl Oblast - Nature, Yaroslavl Oblast - Demographics, Yaroslavl Oblast - Economic characteristics, Yaroslavl Oblast - Administrative divisions, Yaroslavl Oblast - Districts, Yaroslavl Oblast - Cities and towns, Yaroslavl Oblast - Other settlements, Yaroslavl Oblast - External link

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The climate is moderate continental, with snowy winters and a short but rather hot summer. Formely almost all territory was covered with thick conifer forest (fir, pine), but now a large portion of it has been replaced with birch-and-aspen secondary forests and crop fields. Swamps also take considerable areas. Large animals have been much reduced in numbers, but there are still some bears, wolfs, foxes, elks, and wild boars. A great number of wild birds live and nests in the Oblast. In cities, most common birds are pigeons, jackdaws, hooded c ...

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Yaroslavl Oblast, Yaroslavl Oblast - Basic facts, Yaroslavl Oblast - Time zone, Yaroslavl Oblast - Nature, Yaroslavl Oblast - Demographics, Yaroslavl Oblast - Economic characteristics, Yaroslavl Oblast - Administrative divisions, Yaroslavl Oblast - Districts, Yaroslavl Oblast - Cities and towns, Yaroslavl Oblast - Other settlements, Yaroslavl Oblast - External link

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These are population figures according to the census of 2002: Total population: 1,368,000 Males: 618,000 Females: 750,000 Urban population: 1,107,000 Rural population: 261,000 There are 11 towns, 13 townlets, 6,024 villages. Life expectancy: average — 63 years, males — 57 years, females — 71 years. 98% of residents are citizens of Russia. ...

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Yaroslavl Oblast, Yaroslavl Oblast - Basic facts, Yaroslavl Oblast - Time zone, Yaroslavl Oblast - Nature, Yaroslavl Oblast - Demographics, Yaroslavl Oblast - Economic characteristics, Yaroslavl Oblast - Administrative divisions, Yaroslavl Oblast - Districts, Yaroslavl Oblast - Cities and towns, Yaroslavl Oblast - Other settlements, Yaroslavl Oblast - External link

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In 1019, Yaroslav married Ingegerd Olofsdotter, daughter of king of Sweden, and gave Ladoga to her as a marriage gift. There are good reasons to believe that before that time he had been married to a woman named Anna, of disputed extraction. In the Saint Sophia Cathedral, one may see a fresco representing the whole family: Yaroslav, Irene (as Ingigerd was known in Rus), their 5 daughters and 5 sons. Yaroslav married three of his daughters to foreign princes who lived in exile at his court: Elizabeth to Harald III of Norway (who had at ...

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Yaroslav I the Wise, Yaroslav I the Wise - His way to the throne, Yaroslav I the Wise - His reign, Yaroslav I the Wise - Family life and posterity, Yaroslav I the Wise - Sources

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Leaving aside the legitimacy of Yaroslav's claims to the Kievan throne and his postulated guilt in the murder of brothers, Nestor and later Russian historians often represented him as a model of virtue and styled him the Wise. A less appealing side of his personality may be revealed by the fact that he imprisoned his younger brother Sudislav for life. Yet another brother, Mstislav of Tmutarakan, whose distant realm bordered on the Northern Caucasus and the Black Sea, hastened to Kiev and inflicted a heavy defeat on Yaroslav in 1024. T ...

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Yaroslav I the Wise, Yaroslav I the Wise - His way to the throne, Yaroslav I the Wise - His reign, Yaroslav I the Wise - Family life and posterity, Yaroslav I the Wise - Sources

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In ancient historical times the Volga was known as the Atil, Itil or Idil, a Turkic name meaning "long river." The arrival of the Turkics, however, postdates the more remote occupation of the region by Indoeuropeans. Specifically, "Volga" is probably a Slavicization of a proto-Baltic name related to Lithuanian Jilga, "long river". The upper Volga was the border of a prehistoric Baltic-speaking population, as attested by river names. Such names as Ilgupe, "the long river", and others like it are frequent in Lithuania an ...

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Volga River, Volga River - Description, Volga River - Confluents, Volga River - Human History, Volga River - Ethnic Groups, Volga River - Navigation

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The indigeneus population of Upper Volga were Finnic Merya, that were assimilated to Russians. Some theory sees Volga as a Finnic word valka to be translated as water. Another Finnic ethnic groups are Maris, Mordvins of Middle Volga. Turkic population, appeared in the 600s and assimilated some Finnic and Indo-European population at the Middle and Downer Volga, later were formed to Christian Chuvash and Muslim Tatars, also to Nogais, that was supplanted to Daghestan later. Mongolian Buddhis Kal ...

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Volga River, Volga River - Description, Volga River - Confluents, Volga River - Human History, Volga River - Ethnic Groups, Volga River - Navigation

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The Volga is of great importance to inland shipping and transport in Russia: all the dams in the river have been equipped with large (double) ship locks, so that vessels of considerable dimensions can actually travel from the Caspian Sea almost to the upstream end of the river. Connections with the Don River and the Black Sea are possible through the Volga-Don Canal; connections with the lakes of the North and with Saint Petersburg are possible through the Volga-Baltic Waterway and a liaison with Moscow has been realised by the Moscow Canal ...

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Volga River, Volga River - Description, Volga River - Confluents, Volga River - Human History, Volga River - Ethnic Groups, Volga River - Navigation

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After the Time of Troubles the state and the church were bankrupt, and could not finance any construction works. The initiative was taken by rich merchants of the city Yaroslavl-on-the-Volga. In the course of the seventeenth century, they built numerous large churches of cathedral type, with five onion-like cupolas, and surrounded them with tents of belltowers and aisles. At first the churches' composition was sharply asymmetrical, with different parts balancing each other on the "scale-beam" principle (e.g., the Church of Elijah the Prophet ...

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Russian architecture, Russian architecture - Medieval Rus' 988–1230, Russian architecture - Early Muscovite period 1230–1530, Russian architecture - Middle Muscovite period 1530–1630, Russian architecture - Late Muscovite period 1612–1712, Russian architecture - Imperial Russia 1712–1917, Russian architecture - Modern Russia since 1917

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In the sixteenth century, the key development was the introduction of tented roof into brick architecture. Tent-like roof construction is thought to have originated in the Russian North, as it prevented snow from piling up on wooden buildings during long winters. In wooden churches (even modern ones) this type of roof has been very popular. The first ever tent-like church built in brick is the Ascension church of Kolomenskoe (1531), designed to commemorate the birth of Ivan the Terrible. Its design was prone to most unusual interpreta ...

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Russian architecture, Russian architecture - Medieval Rus' 988–1230, Russian architecture - Early Muscovite period 1230–1530, Russian architecture - Middle Muscovite period 1530–1630, Russian architecture - Late Muscovite period 1612–1712, Russian architecture - Imperial Russia 1712–1917, Russian architecture - Modern Russia since 1917

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Main article: Imperial Russia. The following article in the series describes how in the 18th century, Russia was transformed from a static, somewhat isolated, traditional state into the more dynamic, partially Westernized, and secularized Russian Empire. This transformation was in no small measure a result of the vision, energy, and determination of Peter the Great. Historians disagree about the extent to which Peter himself transformed Russia, but they generally concur that he laid the foundations for empire building over the ...

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Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia

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The route numbering system, defined by UNECE since 1975, went through a major change in 1992 and is now as follows (text and layout slightly modified from the original for clarity of understanding): Reference roads and intermediate roads, called Class-A roads, have two-digit numbers. Branch, link and connecting roads, called Class-B roads, have three-digit numbers. In general: North-south reference roads have two-digit odd numbers terminating in the figure 5 and increasing from west to east. East-west ...

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International E-road network, International E-road network - Numbering system, International E-road network - Exceptions, International E-road network - Notes to the listings, International E-road network - Class A roads, International E-road network - North-South reference, International E-road network - West-East reference, International E-road network - North-South intermediate, International E-road network - West-East intermediate, International E-road network - Class B roads, International E-road network - Signage

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The European routes are signposted with a green number sign like this: There are different strategies for determining how frequently to signpost the roads. Sweden, Norway and Denmark have integrated the E-road numbers into their networks, meaning that the roads usually have no other national number. In most of the countries the E-roads form a network on top of the national network. The green signs are frequent enough to show how to follow the roads, but do not usually show how to reach them. In some coun ...

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International E-road network, International E-road network - Numbering system, International E-road network - Exceptions, International E-road network - Notes to the listings, International E-road network - Class A roads, International E-road network - North-South reference, International E-road network - West-East reference, International E-road network - North-South intermediate, International E-road network - West-East intermediate, International E-road network - Class B roads, International E-road network - Signage

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Jyväskylä - Sister cities. Jalapa, Nicaragua (1988) Mudanjiang, China (1988) ...

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Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä - Education, Jyväskylä - History, Jyväskylä - Numerical data on Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä - Twin towns, Jyväskylä - Sister cities, Jyväskylä - Trivia

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Muscovy remained a fairly unknown society in western Europe until Baron Sigismund von Herberstein published his Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii (literally Notes on Muscovite Affairs) in 1549. This provided a comprehensive view of what had been a rarely visited and poorly reported state. In the 1630s, Muscovy was visited by Adam Olearius, whose lively and well-informed writings were soon translated into all major languages of Europe. Further exploration of the Russian lands was conducted by English and Dutch merchants. One of t ...

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Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia

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Russia continued its territorial growth through the 17th century. In the south-west, it acquired eastern Ukraine, which had been under Polish rule. The Ukrainian Cossacks, warriors organized in military formations, lived in the frontier areas bordering Poland, the Tatar lands, and Russia. Although they had served in the Polish army as mercenaries, the Cossacks of the Zaporozhian Host remained fiercely independent and staged a number of rebellions against the Poles. In 1648, the peasants of Ukraine joined the Cossacks in rebellion during the ...

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Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia

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The development of the tsar's autocratic powers reached a peak during the reign of Ivan IV, and he became known as the Terrible (his Russian epithet, groznyi, means threatening or dreaded). Ivan strengthened the position of the tsar to an unprecedented degree, demonstrating the risks of unbridled power in the hands of a mentally unstable individual. Although apparently intelligent and energetic, Ivan suffered from bouts of paranoia and depression, and his rule was punc ...

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Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia

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Ivan IV was succeeded by his son Fedor, who was mentally deficient. Actual power went to Fedor's brother-in-law, the boyar Boris Godunov. Perhaps the most important event of Fedor's reign was the proclamation of the patriarchate of Moscow in 1589. The creation of the patriarchate climaxed the evolution of a separate and totally independent Russian Orthodox Church. In 1598 Fedor died without an heir, ending the Rurik Dynasty. Boris Godunov then convened a Zemsky Sobor, a national assembly of boyars, church officials, and commone ...

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Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia

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The immediate task of the new dynasty was to restore order. Fortunately for Russia, its major enemies, Poland and Sweden, were engaged in a bitter conflict with each other, which provided Russia the opportunity to make peace with Sweden in 1617 and to sign a truce with Poland in 1619. After an unsuccessful attempt to regain the city of Smolensk (the Smolensk War) from Poland in 1632, Russia made peace with Poland in 1634. Polish king Wladyslaw IV, whose father and predecessor Sigismund III had been elected by Russian boyars as tsar of Russia during the Time of Troubles, renounced all claims to the title ...

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Muscovy, Muscovy - Rise of Muscovy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Autocracy, Muscovy - Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy, Muscovy - Ivan IV, Muscovy - Time of Troubles, Muscovy - Romanovs, Muscovy - Expansion, Muscovy - Western European knowledge of Muscovy, Muscovy - Early Imperial Russia

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When Gorbachev became Soviet leader in 1985, Yakovlev became a senior advisor, helping to shape Soviet foreign policy by advocating Soviet non-intervention in Eastern Europe, and accompanying Gorbachev on his five summit meetings with United States President Ronald Reagan. Domestically, he argued in favour of the reform programs that became known as glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) and played a key role in executing those policies. He was promoted to the Politburo in 1987 but by 1990 he had become the focus of attac ...

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Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev, Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev - Early career, Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev - Perestroika and its aftermath

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In Imperial Russia, a Lyceum was one of the following high educational facilities: Demidov Lyceum of Law in Yaroslavl (1801), Alexander Lyceum in Tsarskoye Selo (1810), and Imperial Katkov Lyceum in Moscow (1867). The Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum was opened on October 19, 1811 in the neoclassical building designed by Vasily Stasov and situated next to the Catherine Palace. The first graduates were all brilliant and included Aleksandr Pushkin and Alexander Gorchakov. The opening date was celebrated each year with carousals and revels, and Pushkin composed new verses for each of those occasions. I ...

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Lyceum, Lyceum - Ancient Greek Lyceum word origins, Lyceum - Lyceums of the Russian Empire, Lyceum - Lyceums in today's education, Lyceum - Greece & Cyprus, Lyceum - France, Lyceum - Italy, Lyceum - Poland, Lyceum - Turkey, Lyceum - Russia, Lyceum - American lyceums, Lyceum - Lyceums as honorifics

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