Magic square - The Lo Shu Square 3x3 magic square. Chinese literature dating from as early as 2800 BC tells the legend of Lo Shu or "scroll of the river Lo". In ancient China, there was a huge flood. The people tried to offer some sacrifice to the river god of one of the flooding rivers, the Lo river, to calm his anger. Then, there emerged from the water a turtle with a curious figure/pattern on its shell; there were circular dots of numbers that were arranged in a three by three nine-grid pattern such that the s ...

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Magic square, Magic square - Brief history of magic squares, Magic square - The Lo Shu Square 3x3 magic square, Magic square - The early squares of order four 4x4 magic squares, Magic square - Cultural significance of magic squares, Magic square - Albrecht Dürer's magic square, Magic square - The Sagrada Família magic square, Magic square - Types of magic squares and their construction, Magic square - A method for constructing a magic square of odd order, Magic square - A method of constructing a magic square of doubly even order, Magic square - Counting magic squares, Magic square - Generalizations, Magic square - Extra constraints, Magic square - Different constraints, Magic square - Other operations, Magic square - Other magic shapes, Magic square - Combined extensions, Magic square - Related problems, Magic square - Magic Square of Primes, Magic square - n-Queens problem

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Image:XiamengStar.gif For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Xia Meng has a star with hand print and autograph by the name of Miranda Yang on the Avenue of Stars in Tsim Sha Tsui Promenade, Hong Kong. In August 2005, China has honored 128 movie stars in a commemorative stamp collection marking 100 years of chinese language cinema, Xia Meng was one of the honoree. ...

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Xia Meng, Xia Meng - Debut On Stage, Xia Meng - A Star is Born, Xia Meng - The Great Wall Crown Princess, Xia Meng - Cultural Revolution, Xia Meng - Return as Movie Producer, Xia Meng - Awards, Xia Meng - Political activities, Xia Meng - Tribute to Xia Meng, Xia Meng - Filmography

Read more here: » Xia Meng: Encyclopedia II - Xia Meng - Tribute to Xia Meng

Main article: Buddhism in China Buddhism was introduced from India during the Han dynasty and has been very popular among Chinese of all walks of life, admired by commoners, and sponsored by emperors. Estimate of Buddhists in China range from 70 million to 150 million. ...

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Religion in China, Religion in China - Buddhism, Religion in China - Taoism, Religion in China - Islam, Religion in China - Christianity, Religion in China - Judaism, Religion in China - Recent sects, Religion in China - Falun Gong, Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven, Religion in China - Mainland China, Religion in China - External link

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Main article: Third Taiwan Strait Crisis From March 8 to March 15, the People's Liberation Army sent anti-ballistic missiles within 25 to 35 miles (just inside the ROC's territorial waters) off the ports of Keelung and Kaohsiung. This action was intended to intimidate the Taiwanese electorate into voting against Lee and Peng, which Beijing branded "absolutely identical in attempting to divide the motherland." Similarly, Chen Li-an warned, "If you vote for Lee Teng-hui, you are choosing war." The crisis came to an ...

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ROC presidential election 1996, ROC presidential election 1996 - Candidates, ROC presidential election 1996 - 1996 Taiwan Straits Crisis

Read more here: » ROC presidential election 1996: Encyclopedia II - ROC presidential election 1996 - 1996 Taiwan Straits Crisis

Religion in China - Falun Gong. Main article: Falun Gong Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven. Main article: Way of Former Heaven I-Kuān Tao ("Way of Unity") T'ung-shan She ("Society of Goodness") Tien-te Sheng-chiao ("Sacred Religion of Celestial Virtue") Tao-yuan ("Sanctuary of the Tao")See also:

Religion in China, Religion in China - Buddhism, Religion in China - Taoism, Religion in China - Islam, Religion in China - Christianity, Religion in China - Judaism, Religion in China - Recent sects, Religion in China - Falun Gong, Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven, Religion in China - Mainland China, Religion in China - External link

Read more here: » Religion in China: Encyclopedia II - Religion in China - Recent sects

Main article: Islam in China Islam was introduced into China via the Silk Road in the 7th century. It is now practised by a estimated 3% to 5% of Chinese, predominantly such minority groups as the Hui, the Uyghurs, and the Kazakhs. These make up majorities in Ningxia and Xinjiang Autonomous Regions. Islam in China, particularly in the western, minority-dominated regions, can be connected with non-Chinese nationalism and even separatist movements. Other estimates of Muslim population are much higher with ...

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Religion in China, Religion in China - Buddhism, Religion in China - Taoism, Religion in China - Islam, Religion in China - Christianity, Religion in China - Judaism, Religion in China - Recent sects, Religion in China - Falun Gong, Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven, Religion in China - Mainland China, Religion in China - External link

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See also: History of Xinjiang, East Turkestan independence movement The stirrings of Uyghur separatism during the early 20th century were greatly influenced by the Turkish jadidist movement, which spread as wealthier Uyghurs, inspired by notions of Pan-Turkism, traveled abroad to Turkey, Europe, and Russia, and returned home determined to modernize and develop the educational system in Xinjiang. The first major school founded on the European model was located outside of Kashgar and, unlike the traditional curricula of the madra ...

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First East Turkestan Republic, First East Turkestan Republic - Origins of the ETR Movement, First East Turkestan Republic - Rebellion, First East Turkestan Republic - Establishment of the ETR, First East Turkestan Republic - End of the First East Turkestan Republic, First East Turkestan Republic - Sources

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Some thought that a power balance that Emperor Wu had hoped for at his death might be restored, as Princes Jiong and Ying were each given regent titles (and awarded the nine bestowments, in one rare case where the nine bestowments were not signs of an impending usurpation, although Prince Ying declined the bestowments), and many talented officials were promoted into important positions. However, the Princes Jiong and Ying were actually apprehensive of each other's power, and Prince Ying decided to yield the central government regency to Prin ...

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Sima Ying, Sima Ying - Early career, Sima Ying - After overthrowing Sima Lun, Sima Ying - As regent and crown prince, Sima Ying - After removal as crown prince

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Emperor Wu immediately sought to change what he saw as what doomed Cao Wei -- the lack of power that the imperial princes held. In 265, immediately after he took the throne, he created many of his uncles, cousins, brothers, and sons as imperial princes, each with independent military commands and full authority within their principalities. This system, while it would be scaled back after the War of the Eight Princes and the loss of northern China, would remain in place as a Jin institution for the duration of ...

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Emperor Wu of Jin, Emperor Wu of Jin - Life before establishment of the Jin Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Jin - Early reign: establishment of the Jin political system, Emperor Wu of Jin - Middle reign: unification of the Chinese empire, Emperor Wu of Jin - Late reign: setting the stage for disasters, Emperor Wu of Jin - Era names, Emperor Wu of Jin - Personal information

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T'ai Chi has become very popular in the last twenty years or so, as the baby boomers age and T'ai Chi's reputation for ameliorating the effects of aging becomes more well-known. Hospitals, clinics, community and senior centers are all hosting T'ai Chi classes in communities around the world. As a result of this popularity, there has been some divergence between those who say they practise T'ai Chi primarily for fighting, those who practise it for its aesthetic appeal (as in the shortened, modern, theatrical "Taijiquan" forms of wushu, see be ...

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Tai Chi Chuan, Tai Chi Chuan - Overview, Tai Chi Chuan - T'ai Chi Ch'uan training and techniques, Tai Chi Chuan - T'ai Chi Ch'uan styles and history, Tai Chi Chuan - Family tree, Tai Chi Chuan - T'ai Chi Ch'uan in the present, Tai Chi Chuan - Modern forms, Tai Chi Chuan - T'ai Chi Ch'uan as a health practice and a form of traditional Chinese medicine, Tai Chi Chuan - Citations to medical research

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The concept of qì or ch'i (氣), the inner energy or "life force" that is said to animate living beings, is encountered in almost all styles of Chinese martial arts. Internal styles are reputed to cultivate its use differently than external styles. Many believe that one's qi energy can be improved and strengthened through the regular practice of various physical and mental exercises known as qigong. Though qigong is not a martial art itself, it is often incorporated in Chinese martial a ...

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Chinese martial arts, Chinese martial arts - History of Chinese martial arts, Chinese martial arts - To be merged, Chinese martial arts - Styles of Chinese martial arts, Chinese martial arts - Styles of Wushu to be merged, Chinese martial arts - External or hard styles 外家拳 wàijiāquán, Chinese martial arts - Internal or soft styles 內家拳 nèijiāquán, Chinese martial arts - Northern styles, Chinese martial arts - Southern styles, Chinese martial arts - Buddhist styles, Chinese martial arts - Daoist styles, Chinese martial arts - Muslim styles, Chinese martial arts - Training in Chinese martial arts, Chinese martial arts - Basics 基本功, Chinese martial arts - Forms 套路, Chinese martial arts - Application, Chinese martial arts - Weapons training, Chinese martial arts - Use of qi in Chinese martial arts, Chinese martial arts - Chinese martial arts in movies

Read more here: » Chinese martial arts: Encyclopedia II - Chinese martial arts - Use of qi in Chinese martial arts

In modern times, Chinese martial arts have spawned a popular genre of cinema. The films of Bruce Lee were instrumental in the initial burst of Chinese martial arts' popularity in the West, and lately, actors such as Jet Li, Jackie Chan, have appeared in many Western films. This type of martial art film is often referred to as "Kung Fu movies" (see martial arts film, wuxia). A US network TV western series of the early 1970s called Ku ...

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Chinese martial arts, Chinese martial arts - History of Chinese martial arts, Chinese martial arts - To be merged, Chinese martial arts - Styles of Chinese martial arts, Chinese martial arts - Styles of Wushu to be merged, Chinese martial arts - External or hard styles 外家拳 wàijiāquán, Chinese martial arts - Internal or soft styles 內家拳 nèijiāquán, Chinese martial arts - Northern styles, Chinese martial arts - Southern styles, Chinese martial arts - Buddhist styles, Chinese martial arts - Daoist styles, Chinese martial arts - Muslim styles, Chinese martial arts - Training in Chinese martial arts, Chinese martial arts - Basics 基本功, Chinese martial arts - Forms 套路, Chinese martial arts - Application, Chinese martial arts - Weapons training, Chinese martial arts - Use of qi in Chinese martial arts, Chinese martial arts - Chinese martial arts in movies

Read more here: » Chinese martial arts: Encyclopedia II - Chinese martial arts - Chinese martial arts in movies

Main article: Judaism in China During the Tang Dynasty (7-10 cent. CE) or earlier, small groups of Jews settled in China. The most prominent early community was at Kaifeng, in Henan province. (see Kaifeng Jews) In the 20th century, many Jews arrived in Hong Kong and Shanghai during those cities' periods of economic expansion in the first decades of the century, as well as for the purpose of seeking refuge from the Holocaust in Western Europe. Shanghai was particularly notable for its volume of Jewish refugees, most of wh ...

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Religion in China, Religion in China - Buddhism, Religion in China - Taoism, Religion in China - Islam, Religion in China - Christianity, Religion in China - Judaism, Religion in China - Recent sects, Religion in China - Falun Gong, Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven, Religion in China - Mainland China, Religion in China - External link

Read more here: » Religion in China: Encyclopedia II - Religion in China - Judaism

Main article: Taoism Taoism is the organized, indigenous religion of China and is traditionally dated to 142 C.E. with the founding of the Way of the Celestial Masters by Zhang Daoling. Taoist religion builds on earlier concepts found in classic wisdom text known as the Way and Its Power or Dao De Jing. This work is attributed to Lao Zi, a mythological person who subsequently came to be venerated as a god. The philosophy of Taoism is centered on 'the way', an understanding of which can be likened to recognising the true nature of the universe. Taoism is ...

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Religion in China, Religion in China - Buddhism, Religion in China - Taoism, Religion in China - Islam, Religion in China - Christianity, Religion in China - Judaism, Religion in China - Recent sects, Religion in China - Falun Gong, Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven, Religion in China - Mainland China, Religion in China - External link

Read more here: » Religion in China: Encyclopedia II - Religion in China - Taoism

The crisis began when President Lee Teng-hui accepted an invitation from his alma mater, Cornell University, to deliver a speech on "Taiwan's Democratization Experience." Seeking to diplomatically isolate the Republic of China, the PRC opposed such visits by ROC leaders. It argued that Lee harbored pro-Taiwan independence sentiments and was therefore a threat to stability in the region. A year earlier, in 1994, when President Lee's plane had stopped in Honolulu to refuel after a trip to South Africa, the U.S. government had refused Lee's req ...

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Third Taiwan Strait Crisis, Third Taiwan Strait Crisis - Lee's 1995 visit to Cornell, Third Taiwan Strait Crisis - PRC military response, Third Taiwan Strait Crisis - Run-up to the 1996 election

Read more here: » Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: Encyclopedia II - Third Taiwan Strait Crisis - Lee's 1995 visit to Cornell

Jiang Wei quickly saw that Zhong Hui had other ideas -- Zhong considered his abilities superior to all Cao Wei generals and even Sima Zhao, and wanted to overthrow Sima. He encouraged Zhong to rebel against Sima, and Zhong agreed. Zhong first falsely reported to Sima that Deng was planning a rebellion, and forged letters to and from Deng to increase the tension between Sima and Deng. In early 264, Sima ordered that Zhong arrest Deng and seize his troops -- but at the same time led a force personally, heading toward Chengdu from the Cao Wei capital Luoyang. Zhong, after seizing Deng's troops, realize ...

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Jiang Wei, Jiang Wei - Early life and career under Zhuge Liang's regency, Jiang Wei - Under Jiang Wan and Fei Yi's regencies, Jiang Wei - As regent, Jiang Wei - Campaigns against Cao Wei, Jiang Wei - Fall of Shu Han, Jiang Wei - Efforts to reestablish Shu Han and death, Jiang Wei - Historical views of Jiang Wei

Read more here: » Jiang Wei: Encyclopedia II - Jiang Wei - Efforts to reestablish Shu Han and death

Jia Chong's father Jia Kui was an important Cao Wei general and considered an epitome of faithfulness to the empire. He did not have a son until late in his life, and when Jia Chong was born he was very pleased. After Jia Kui's death, he inherited Jia Kui's title as a marquess. He later served under the regent Sima Shi, and then Sima Shi's brother and successor Sima Zhao. In 257, Sima Zhao sent him to probe the general Zhuge Dan's intentions should he decided to usurp the Cao Wei throne. When Jia incessantly praised Sima in Zhuge's presence, ...

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Jia Chong, Jia Chong - Early life and career during Cao Wei, Jia Chong - Career during Jin, Jia Chong - Family life, Jia Chong - Death

Read more here: » Jia Chong: Encyclopedia II - Jia Chong - Early life and career during Cao Wei

Beijing intended to send a message to the Taiwanese electorate that voting for Lee Teng-hui in the 1996 presidential election meant war. A third set of PLA tests from March 8 to March 15 (just shortly preceding the March 23 election), sent missiles within 25 to 35 miles (just inside the ROC's territorial waters) off the ports of Keelung and Kaohsiung. Over 70 percent of commercial shipping passed through the targeted ports, which were disrupted by the proximity of the tests. Flights to Japan and trans-Pacific flights were prolonged by ten mi ...

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Third Taiwan Strait Crisis, Third Taiwan Strait Crisis - Lee's 1995 visit to Cornell, Third Taiwan Strait Crisis - PRC military response, Third Taiwan Strait Crisis - Run-up to the 1996 election

Read more here: » Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: Encyclopedia II - Third Taiwan Strait Crisis - Run-up to the 1996 election

Chancellor The Honourable Donald Tsang, GBM, KBE, JP, the Chief Executive of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Vice-Chancellor Professor LAU, J. Lawrence Pro-Vice-Chancellors Professor YOUNG, Kenneth (cum Dean of Graduate School), Professor LIU, P. W., and Professor CHENG, C. Y. Jack Associate Pro-Vice-Chancellors Professor HUI, K. M. Michael, and Professor SO, K. L. Billy Treasurer Mr. LUK, K. H. Roger Head of Chung Chi College Professor LEUNG, Y. S. Head of New Asia College Professor WONG, N. C ...

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Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chinese University of Hong Kong - Overview, Chinese University of Hong Kong - Administration, Chinese University of Hong Kong - Demographics, Chinese University of Hong Kong - Academic Units, Chinese University of Hong Kong - Undergraduate Honours Degree Programmes, Chinese University of Hong Kong - Taught Postgraduate Programmes, Chinese University of Hong Kong - Research Postgraduate Programmes, Chinese University of Hong Kong - Library, Chinese University of Hong Kong - Student Accommodation, Chinese University of Hong Kong - Student Organizations, Chinese University of Hong Kong - Notable CUHK Alumni, Chinese University of Hong Kong - External link

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In 265, after Sima Zhao's death, Sima Zhao's son Sima Yan forced the Cao Wei emperor Cao Huan to abdicate to him, ending Cao Wei and establishing Jin Dynasty (as Emperor Wu). Jia, as a key contributor to the Simas' power, continued to be an important figure in government, and was commissioned by Emperor Wu with authoring the Jin penal laws, initially considered to be far more merciful than the strict Cao Wei laws. (However, uneven enforcement of these laws meant that the main beneficiari ...

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Jia Chong, Jia Chong - Early life and career during Cao Wei, Jia Chong - Career during Jin, Jia Chong - Family life, Jia Chong - Death

Read more here: » Jia Chong: Encyclopedia II - Jia Chong - Career during Jin

The Hoklo immigrated from Fujian starting in the 17th century, and brought with them informal folk music, as well as more ritualized instrumental and operatic forms taught in amateur clubs called quguan. Instrumental music includes multiple genres, such as beiguan and nanguan. Nanguan originally hails from Quanzhou on the mainland, while it is now most common in Lugang and has achieved some international popularity due to the efforts of Gang-a-tsui and Hantang Yuefu. While nanguan is melodic and soft, beiguan is loud an ...

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Music of Taiwan, Music of Taiwan - Hoklo or Holo, Music of Taiwan - Hakka, Music of Taiwan - Aboriginal music, Music of Taiwan - Bunun, Music of Taiwan - Pop and rock

Read more here: » Music of Taiwan: Encyclopedia II - Music of Taiwan - Hoklo or Holo

Early in the Warring States Period, Chu was one of the strongest states in China. The state rose to a new level around 389 BC when the King of Chu named the famous reformer Wu Qi (吳起) to be his prime minister. Chu rose to its peak in 334 BC when it gained vast amounts of territory. The series of events leading up to this began when Yue prepared to attack Qi. The King of Qi sent a emissary who persuaded the King of Yue to attack Chu instead. Yue initiated a large scale attack at Chu, but was devastatingly defeated by Chu's counter-attack. Chu the ...

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Warring States Period, Warring States Period - Partition of Jin, Warring States Period - Change of Government in Qi, Warring States Period - Early strife in the Three Jins Qi and Qin, Warring States Period - Shang Yang's reforms in Qin, Warring States Period - Ascension of the Kingdoms, Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats, Warring States Period - The Domination of Qin and the resulting Grand Strategies, Warring States Period - Zhao's military reforms, Warring States Period - Qin's conquest of China, Warring States Period - Films set in the Warring States Period

Read more here: » Warring States Period: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats