XYY syndrome is a aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes in which a human male receives an extra Y chromosome in each cell, hence having a karyotype of 47,XYY. XYY syndrome is also called Jacob's Syndrome, XYY-trisomy, 47,XYY aneuploidy, or Supermale syndrome. XYY syndrome - First case. The first published report of a man with a 47,XYY chromosome constitution was by Dr. Avery A. Sandberg, et al. of Buffalo, New York in 1961. It was an incidental finding in a normal 44-year-old, ...

Including:

• XYY syndrome - First case
• XYY syndrome - Effects
• XYY syndrome - Physical traits
• XYY syndrome - Behavioral characteristics
• XYY syndrome - Cause and prevalence

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XYY syndrome - Physical traits. XYY syndrome typically causes no unusual physical features or medical problems. Males with this syndrome may be slightly taller than average and are typically a few centimeters taller than their father and siblings. Skeletal malformations may also accompany XYY syndrome at a higher rate than in the general population. Severe facial acne has occasionally been reported, but dermatologists specializing in acne (Plewig & Kligman, 2000) now doubt the existence of a relationsh ...

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XYY syndrome, XYY syndrome - First case, XYY syndrome - Effects, XYY syndrome - Physical traits, XYY syndrome - Behavioral characteristics, XYY syndrome - Cause and prevalence

Read more here: » XYY syndrome: Encyclopedia II - XYY syndrome - Effects

XXY males are almost always infertile, and some degree of language impairment may be present. In adults, possible characteristics vary widely and include little to no signs of affectedness, a lanky, youthful build and facial appearance, or a rounded body type with some degree of gynecomastia (increased male breast tissue). Gynecomastia to some extent is present in about a third of individuals affected, a higher percentage than in the XY population. The far end of the spectrum is also associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, pulmonary diseas ...

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Klinefelter's syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome - Cause, Klinefelter's syndrome - Signs and symptoms, Klinefelter's syndrome - Treatment, Klinefelter's syndrome - Reference

Read more here: » Klinefelter's syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Klinefelter's syndrome - Signs and symptoms

While most of the symptoms of Turner syndrome are harmless, some can lead to significant medical problems. Turner syndrome - Cardiovascular. It is interesting for a better understanding to first consider the results of Price et al, 1986 study of 156 female patients with Turner syndrome. Indeed they showed a significantly greater number of deaths from diseases of the circulatory system than expected, half of them due to congenital heart disease. The interesting finding is that when patients with congenital heart disease were omitted from the sample of the study ...

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Turner syndrome, Turner syndrome - Symptoms, Turner syndrome - Causes, Turner syndrome - Incidence, Turner syndrome - History, Turner syndrome - Diagnosis, Turner syndrome - Medical consequences of Turner syndrome, Turner syndrome - Cardiovascular, Turner syndrome - Skeletal, Turner syndrome - Kidney, Turner syndrome - Thyroid, Turner syndrome - Diabetes, Turner syndrome - Cognitive, Turner syndrome - Reproductive, Turner syndrome - Treatment

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The Y chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in humans and most other mammals. (The other is the X chromosome.) It is a part of the XY sex-determination system. It contains the genes that cause testis development, thus determining maleness. The Y chromosome spans about 50 million base pairs (the building blocks of DNA) and represents between 0.5 and 1 percent of the total DNA in cells. In most species, it contains the fewest genes of ...

Including:

• Y chromosome - Function
• Y chromosome - Origins
• Y chromosome - Chromosomal conditions related to chromosome Y
• Y chromosome - Repair of the Y chromosome
• Y chromosome - Y chromosome in Genetic Genealogy

Read more here: » Y chromosome: Encyclopedia - Y chromosome

Aneuploidy is a chromosomal state where abnormal numbers of specific chromosomes or chromosome sets exist within the nucleus. A change in the number of chromosomes leads to a chromosomal disorder. These changes can occur during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm) or in early fetal development. In humans the most common form of aneuploidy is trisomy, or the presence of an extra chromosome in each cell. Monosomy, or the loss of one chromoso ...

Including:

• Aneuploidy - Disomy
• Aneuploidy - Trisomy
• Aneuploidy - Monosomy
• Aneuploidy - Sources

Read more here: » Aneuploidy: Encyclopedia - Aneuploidy

Turner syndrome is caused by the loss of genetic material from one of the sex chromosomes. In Turner syndrome, the embryo has only one functioning sex chromosome. This chromosome is always an X chromosome, as an embryo with only a Y chromosome is incapable of survival. The remaining X chromosome is either absent or damaged. Mosaic Turner syndrome, where some of the cells have two sex chromosomes but others have only a single functioning X chromosome, is also possible. In cases of mosaic Turner syndrome, the symptoms are usually less pronounced. There are ...

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Turner syndrome, Turner syndrome - Symptoms, Turner syndrome - Causes, Turner syndrome - Incidence, Turner syndrome - History, Turner syndrome - Diagnosis, Turner syndrome - Medical consequences of Turner syndrome, Turner syndrome - Cardiovascular, Turner syndrome - Skeletal, Turner syndrome - Kidney, Turner syndrome - Thyroid, Turner syndrome - Diabetes, Turner syndrome - Cognitive, Turner syndrome - Reproductive, Turner syndrome - Treatment

Read more here: » Turner syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Turner syndrome - Causes

The condition is irreversible, but its symptoms can be altered in a number of ways, including testosterone treatment and other therapies. While the gender identity of people with XXY karyotype is generally stable, the number of people with gender identity disorder among the whole seems to be higher than could statistically be expected if those cases were indeed, as the current medical opinion assesses, mere coincidences of people having both gender identity disorder and Klinefelter's independently from each other. The observation on g ...

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Klinefelter's syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome - Cause, Klinefelter's syndrome - Signs and symptoms, Klinefelter's syndrome - Treatment, Klinefelter's syndrome - Reference

Read more here: » Klinefelter's syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Klinefelter's syndrome - Treatment

Turner syndrome may be diagnosed by an amniocentesis during pregnancy. Sometimes, fetuses with Turner syndrome are identified by abnormal ultrasound findings (i.e. heart defect, kidney abnormality, cystic hygroma, ascities). Although the recurrence risk is not increased, genetic counseling is often recommended for families who have had a pregnancy or child with Turner syndrome. A blood test, called a karyotype, analyzes the chromosomal composition of the individual. This is the most commonly ...

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Turner syndrome, Turner syndrome - Symptoms, Turner syndrome - Causes, Turner syndrome - Incidence, Turner syndrome - History, Turner syndrome - Diagnosis, Turner syndrome - Medical consequences of Turner syndrome, Turner syndrome - Cardiovascular, Turner syndrome - Skeletal, Turner syndrome - Kidney, Turner syndrome - Thyroid, Turner syndrome - Diabetes, Turner syndrome - Cognitive, Turner syndrome - Reproductive, Turner syndrome - Treatment

Read more here: » Turner syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Turner syndrome - Diagnosis

Common symptoms of Turner syndrome include: Short stature Lymphoedema (swelling) of the hands and feet Broad chest and widely-spaced nipples Low hairline Low-set ears Reproductive sterility Other symptoms include a small lower jaw, cubitus valgus (turned-out elbows), a webbed neck, and soft, upturned nails. Less common are pigmented moles, hearing loss, and a high-arch palate. Turner syndrome manifests itself differently in different people, an ...

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Turner syndrome, Turner syndrome - Symptoms, Turner syndrome - Causes, Turner syndrome - Incidence, Turner syndrome - History, Turner syndrome - Diagnosis, Turner syndrome - Medical consequences of Turner syndrome, Turner syndrome - Cardiovascular, Turner syndrome - Skeletal, Turner syndrome - Kidney, Turner syndrome - Thyroid, Turner syndrome - Diabetes, Turner syndrome - Cognitive, Turner syndrome - Reproductive, Turner syndrome - Treatment

Read more here: » Turner syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Turner syndrome - Symptoms

The XXY chromosome arrangement is one of the most common genetic variations from the XY karyotype, occurring in about 1 in 1,000 male births. Because of the extra chromosome, individuals with the condition are usually referred to as "XXY Males", or "47,XXY Males" rather than as "suffering from Klinefelter's syndrome." In mammals with more than one X chromosome, the genes on all but one X chromosome are barred from being expressed. This happens in XXY males as well as XX females. A few genes, however, have corresponding genes on the Y chromosome and are not barred. These triploid genes in XXY males may be responsible for ...

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Klinefelter's syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome - Cause, Klinefelter's syndrome - Signs and symptoms, Klinefelter's syndrome - Treatment, Klinefelter's syndrome - Reference

Read more here: » Klinefelter's syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Klinefelter's syndrome - Cause

Chromosomes have robust and accurate repair mechanisms. Over time random mistakes - mutations - occur throughout all chromosomes, and the existence of some high-accuracy repair mechanism is known to be necessary for the survival of the chromosome, and thus the species carrying the chromosome. The primary repair mechanism is dependent upon the fact that all people receive two sets of each chromosome, one from their mother and one from their father. Over time damage occurs, yet at the same time, chromosome pairs swap damaged genes out a ...

See also:

Y chromosome, Y chromosome - Function, Y chromosome - Origins, Y chromosome - Chromosomal conditions related to chromosome Y, Y chromosome - Repair of the Y chromosome, Y chromosome - Y chromosome in Genetic Genealogy

Read more here: » Y chromosome: Encyclopedia II - Y chromosome - Repair of the Y chromosome

Several well known authors emerged from here, including Paul Horgan, Joyce Carol Oates, Taylor Caldwell, and playwrights Ruben Santiago-Hudson ("Lackawanna Blues") and A.R. Gurney (The Dining Room and Love Letters). Mark Twain lived in Buffalo as a part-owner and managing editor of The Buffalo Express from 1869 to 1871. While not technically a Buffalonian, he's remembered by his readers for his time in Buffalo due to his stories "A Day at Niagara Falls" and "The Diaries of Adam and Eve", the ...

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Famous people from Buffalo NY, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Authors, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Entertainers, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Politics and law, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Other residents, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Sports, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Sports names, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Buffalo companies, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Infamous Buffalo people and events, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Other events and trivia

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Chromosomes have robust and accurate repair mechanisms. Over time random mistakes - mutations - occur throughout all chromosomes, and the existence of some high-accuracy repair mechanism is known to be necessary for the survival of the chromosome, and thus the species carrying the chromosome. The primary repair mechanism is dependent upon the fact that all people receive two sets of each chromosome, one from their mother and one from their father. Over time damage occurs, yet at the same time, chromosome pairs swap damaged genes out a ...

See also:

Y chromosome, Y chromosome - Function, Y chromosome - Origins, Y chromosome - Genes on the Y Chromosome, Y chromosome - Y chomosome-linked diseases, Y chromosome - Repair of the Y chromosome, Y chromosome - Y chromosome in Genetic Genealogy

Read more here: » Y chromosome: Encyclopedia II - Y chromosome - Repair of the Y chromosome

A trisomy is the presence of three, instead of the normal two, chromosomes of a particular numbered type in an organism. Thus the presence of an extra chromosome 21 is called trisomy 21. Most trisomies, like most other abnormalities in chromosome number, result in distinctive birth defects. Many trisomies result in miscarriage or death at an early age. A partial trisomy occurs when part of an extra chromosome is attached to one of the other chromosomes. A mosaic trisomy is a condition where extra chromosomal material exists ...

See also:

Aneuploidy, Aneuploidy - Disomy, Aneuploidy - Trisomy, Aneuploidy - Monosomy, Aneuploidy - Sources

Read more here: » Aneuploidy: Encyclopedia II - Aneuploidy - Trisomy

3' end -- 5' end -- ...

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List of genetic engineering topics, List of genetic engineering topics - #, List of genetic engineering topics - A, List of genetic engineering topics - B, List of genetic engineering topics - C, List of genetic engineering topics - D, List of genetic engineering topics - E, List of genetic engineering topics - F, List of genetic engineering topics - G, List of genetic engineering topics - H, List of genetic engineering topics - I, List of genetic engineering topics - J, List of genetic engineering topics - K, List of genetic engineering topics - L, List of genetic engineering topics - M, List of genetic engineering topics - N, List of genetic engineering topics - O, List of genetic engineering topics - P, List of genetic engineering topics - Q, List of genetic engineering topics - R, List of genetic engineering topics - S, List of genetic engineering topics - T, List of genetic engineering topics - U, List of genetic engineering topics - V, List of genetic engineering topics - W, List of genetic engineering topics - X, List of genetic engineering topics - Y, List of genetic engineering topics - Z

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Trivia: People who live here can easily visit Canada or stay at home and recieve traditional Canadian broadcasts. (CBC, radio) entertainment (sometimes in French) and sports events. Rzeszów in Poland is a sister city of Buffalo. Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal is headquartered near here. Buffalo is the only Continental League city that still lacks major league baseball Attica State Prison, near Buffalo, houses Mark David Chapman, John Lennon's assasinSee also:

Famous people from Buffalo NY, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Authors, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Entertainers, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Politics and law, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Other residents, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Sports, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Sports names, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Buffalo companies, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Infamous Buffalo people and events, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Other events and trivia

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Present: Righteous Babe Records (Ani DiFranco's label) Moog, Inc M&T Bank Past: Pierce-Arrow Bell Aircraft Corporation Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company Buffalo Electric Carriage Thomas Motor Company ...

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Famous people from Buffalo NY, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Authors, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Entertainers, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Politics and law, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Other residents, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Sports, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Sports names, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Buffalo companies, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Infamous Buffalo people and events, Famous people from Buffalo NY - Other events and trivia

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Each person normally has one pair of sex chromosomes in each cell. As a general rule, the Y chromosome is present in males, who have one X and one Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes. However there are exceptions where this is not the case, for details see Intersex. Many of the genes on the Y chromosome are involved in male sexual determination and development; the most important of them is the SRY gene, which seems to determine the sex in primates. ...

See also:

Y chromosome, Y chromosome - Function, Y chromosome - Origins, Y chromosome - Genes on the Y Chromosome, Y chromosome - Y chomosome-linked diseases, Y chromosome - Repair of the Y chromosome, Y chromosome - Y chromosome in Genetic Genealogy

Read more here: » Y chromosome: Encyclopedia II - Y chromosome - Function

No vital genes reside only on the Y chromosome, since 50% of humans do not have Y chromosomes. The only well-defined human disease linked to a defect on the Y chromosome is defective testicular development (due to deletion or deleterious mutation of SRY. This results in sex reversal, so that a person with an XY karyotype has a female phenotype (i.e., is born a female). The lack of the second X results in infertility for her. However it is possible for an abnormal ...

See also:

Y chromosome, Y chromosome - Function, Y chromosome - Origins, Y chromosome - Genes on the Y Chromosome, Y chromosome - Y chomosome-linked diseases, Y chromosome - Repair of the Y chromosome, Y chromosome - Y chromosome in Genetic Genealogy

Read more here: » Y chromosome: Encyclopedia II - Y chromosome - Y chomosome-linked diseases