Xiongnu - Nature of the Xiongnu state - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia - Xiongnu
The Xiongnu (Chinese: 匈奴; Hanyu Pinyin: Xiōngnú; Wade-Giles: Hsiung-nu) were a nomadic (and probably Hunnic/proto-Bulgar) people of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - Northern And Southern Xiongnu
The Xiongnu's new power was met with a policy of appeasement by Emperor Guangwu. At the height of his power, Huduershi even compared hims...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - The Xiongnu After The Han Dynasty
The complicated ethnic situation of the mixed frontier settlements instituted during the Eastern Han had grave consequences, not fully ap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - Did The Xiongnu Become The Huns?
The Xiongnu have often been identified with the Huns, who populated the frontiers of Europe, starting with the writings of the French his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - Origins And Early History Of The Xiongnu
According to Sima Qian, the Xiongnu were descendants of Chunwei (淳維), possibly a son of Jie, the final ruler of the Xia Dynasty. Howe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - Tributary Relations With The Han
In 53 BC Huyanye decided to enter into tributary relations with Han China. The original terms insisted on by the Han court were that, fir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - The Marriage Treaty System
In the winter of 200 BC, following a siege of Taiyuan, Emperor Gao personally led a military campaign against Modu. At the battle of Baid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - War With Han China
Han China was making preparations for a military confrontation from the reign of Emperor Wen. The break came in 134 BC, following an abor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - Leadership Struggle Among The Xiongnu
As the Xiongnu empire expanded, it became clear that the original leadership structures lacked flexibility and could not maintain effecti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - Confederation Under Maodun
In 209 BC, just three years before the founding of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu were brought together in a powerful confederacy under a n...   » Read the article