Wu Hu - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Wu Hu: Encyclopedia Ii - Wu Hu - Wu Hu After The Fall Of Northern Xiongnu
When the Eastern Han Dynasty slowly brought the Northern Xiongnu into submission in the 1st century by military and diplomatic measures, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xianbei: Encyclopedia - Xianbei
The Xianbei (鮮卑, written Xiānbēi in pinyin or Hsien-pei in Wade-Giles) were a significant nomadic people residing in modern Manchur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Former Liang: Encyclopedia Ii - Former Liang - Rulers Of The Former Liang
Heping (和平 Hépíng) 354-355 Shengping (升平 Shēngpíng) 361-363 ... See also:Former Liang, Former Liang - Rulers of the Former ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - Northern And Southern Xiongnu
The Xiongnu's new power was met with a policy of appeasement by Emperor Guangwu. At the height of his power, Huduershi even compared hims...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ran Min: Encyclopedia Ii - Ran Min - During The Confusion After Shi Hu's Death
After Shi Hu's death in 349, his youngest son and crown prince Shi Shi became emperor, but the government was controlled by Shi Shi's mot...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 304: Encyclopedia - 304
304 - Events. Major Wu Hu (barbarian) uprising in China; the Hun Liu Yuan establish the Han kingdom, beginning the Sixteen Kingdoms er...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jin Dynasty 265-420: Encyclopedia - Jin Dynasty 265-420
The Jin Dynasty (晉 pinyin: jìn, 265-420) followed the Three Kingdoms and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. The dy...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - War Of The Eight Princes: Encyclopedia - War Of The Eight Princes
The War of the Eight Princes or Rebellion of the Eight Kings or Rebellion of the Eight Princes (trad. ch. 八王之亂, sim. ch. 八王�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia - History Of China
China is one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with written records dating back 3,500 years. Turtle shells with marki...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Central Asia: Encyclopedia - Central Asia
Central Asia (Russian: Среднaя Азия/"Srednaya Azia" for "Middle Asia" or Центральная Азия/"Tsentral'naya Azia" f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 177: Encyclopedia - 177
177 - Events. A systematic persecution of Christians begins in Rome under Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius. Many Christians worship secre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chinese Sovereign: Encyclopedia - Chinese Sovereign
The king or wang (王 wáng) was the Chinese head of state from the Zhou to Qin dynasties. After that, wang (sometimes translated "prince...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - Origins And Early History Of The Xiongnu
According to Sima Qian, the Xiongnu were descendants of Chunwei (淳維), possibly a son of Jie, the final ruler of the Xia Dynasty. Howe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - Tributary Relations With The Han
In 53 BC Huyanye decided to enter into tributary relations with Han China. The original terms insisted on by the Han court were that, fir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - The Xiongnu After The Han Dynasty
The complicated ethnic situation of the mixed frontier settlements instituted during the Eastern Han had grave consequences, not fully ap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - Leadership Struggle Among The Xiongnu
As the Xiongnu empire expanded, it became clear that the original leadership structures lacked flexibility and could not maintain effecti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - War With Han China
Han China was making preparations for a military confrontation from the reign of Emperor Wen. The break came in 134 BC, following an abor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - The Marriage Treaty System
In the winter of 200 BC, following a siege of Taiyuan, Emperor Gao personally led a military campaign against Modu. At the battle of Baid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - Confederation Under Maodun
In 209 BC, just three years before the founding of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu were brought together in a powerful confederacy under a n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Xiongnu: Encyclopedia Ii - Xiongnu - Did The Xiongnu Become The Huns?
The Xiongnu have often been identified with the Huns, who populated the frontiers of Europe, starting with the writings of the French his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ran Min: Encyclopedia Ii - Ran Min - Family Background
Ran Min's father Ran Liang (冉良), who later changed his name to Ran Zhan (冉瞻), was ethnically Han and from Wei Commandery (魏郡,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ran Min: Encyclopedia Ii - Ran Min - As Emperor Of Ran Wei
Ran Min honored his mother Lady Wang as empress dowager. He created his wife Lady Dong empress, and his oldest son Ran Zhi crown prince. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ran Min: Encyclopedia Ii - Ran Min - During Shi Hu's Reign
As Shi Min grew in age, Shi Hu became impressed at him for his bravery in battle and battlefield tactics, and he treated Shi Min as a bio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hmong: Encyclopedia Ii - Hmong - History
Hmong - Early history. The Hmong people have a recollected history that stretches back, perhaps to the last Ice Age. The Hmong's early ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gwanggaeto The Great Of Goguryeo: Encyclopedia Ii - Gwanggaeto The Great Of Goguryeo - Conquest Of The North
In 395, during a campaign against Baekje, the emperor himself attacked and conquered Biryu, a small nation located in cenral Manchuria. I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Wu Of Jin: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Wu Of Jin - Early Reign: Establishment Of The Jin Political System
Emperor Wu immediately sought to change what he saw as what doomed Cao Wei -- the lack of power that the imperial princes held. In 265, i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Empress Jia Nanfeng: Encyclopedia Ii - Empress Jia Nanfeng - Early Life And Marriage To Crown Prince Zhong
Jia Nanfeng was born in 257, to the Jin official Jia Chong and his second wife Guo Huai (郭槐). She was their oldest daughter, although...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Huai Of Jin: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Huai Of Jin - Reign
Emperor Huai was commonly regarded as an intelligent man, and he tried to institute reforms that he felt would allow the empire to recove...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Central Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Central Asia - Prehistory
Recent genetic studies have concluded that humans arrived in the region around 40,000 to 50,000 years ago, making the region one of the o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Ancient Histories
Archaeological sites such as Sanxingdui (三星堆) and Erlitou (二里頭) show evidence of a Bronze Age civilization in China. The earl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Hui Of Jin: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Hui Of Jin - Reign
During his 17 year reign, Emperor Hui would come under the control of a number of regents, never being able to assert authority on his ow...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Yuan Of Jin: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Yuan Of Jin - Early Career
Sima Rui was born in 276 in the then-Jin capital Luoyang, as the son of Sima Jin (司馬覲) the Prince of Langye and his wife Princess X...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of China-related Topics M-z: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of China-related Topics M-z - S
Sacred Heart Cathedral of Guangzhou - Sai Kung - San Da - Sangokushi - Saisiyat - Sakya - Salar - Salween River - Sally Yeh - Samjeondo M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Ancient Histories
Archaeological sites such as Sanxingdui (三星堆) and Erlitou (二里頭) show evidence of a Bronze Age civilization in China. The earl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Central Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - Central Asia - Geostrategy
Central Asia has long been a strategic location merely because of its proximity to several great powers on the Eurasian landmass. The reg...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Liu Shan: Encyclopedia Ii - Liu Shan - Reign
Liu Shan - Zhuge Liang's regency. During the early years of his reign, Liu Shan was not an unwise ruler. While Zhuge Liang was alive, L...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chinese Sovereign: Encyclopedia Ii - Chinese Sovereign - How To Read The Titles Of A Chinese Sovereign
All sovereigns are denoted by a string of Chinese characters. Examples: Hàn Gāo Zǔ Liú Bāng (漢 高祖 劉邦) Táng Tài Zōng L�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Jin, The Sixteen Kingdoms, And The Northern And Southern Dynasties
Though these three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in 280 by the (Western) Jin Dynasty (晉朝), the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - The Present
With the proclamation of the People's Republic of China (中華人民共和國) on October 1, 1949, China was divided yet again, into the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Huai Of Jin: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Huai Of Jin - After Capture By Han Zhao
For one and a half years, the former Jin emperor lived a humiliating existence in the Han Zhao capital. In 312, Liu Cong promoted him to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Hui Of Jin: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Hui Of Jin - Life Prior To Ascension
Sima Zhong was born to Sima Yan and his wife Yang Yan in 260, while Sima Yan was still the assistant to his father, the Cao Wei regent Si...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Huai Of Jin: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Huai Of Jin - As Prince Of Yuzhang And Crown Prince
Sima Chi was one of the youngest sons of Emperor Wu, the founding emperor of Jin, by his concubine Consort Wang. Just prior to Emperor Wu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - The Republic Of China
Frustrated by the Qing court's resistance to reform and by China's weakness, young officials, military officers, and students—inspired ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Yuan Of Jin: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Yuan Of Jin - After The Fall Of Luoyang
In 311, Luoyang fell to Han Zhao forces, and Emperor Huai was captured. A large number of refugees, fleeing Han Zhao forces, crossed the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Central Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Central Asia - Return Of Indigenous Rule
Over time, as new technologies were introduced, the nomadic horsemen grew in power. The Scythians developed the saddle, and by the time o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Central Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Central Asia - External Influences
In the first and second millennia BC a series of large and powerful states developed on the southern periphery of Central Asia. These emp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty (清朝, 1644–1911) was founded after the defeat of the Ming, the last Han Chinese dynasty, by the Manchus (滿族). T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Central Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Central Asia - Conquest Of The Steppes
The lifestyle that had existed largely unchanged since 500 BC began to disappear after 1500. An important change in the world economy in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Central Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Central Asia - Foreign Control Of Turkestan
History of Central Asia - Russia's Campaigns. The forces of the khanates were poorly-eqipped, and could do little to resist the advance...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Central Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Central Asia - Since 1991
From 1988 to 1992 a free press and multiparty system developed in the Central Asian republics as perestroika pressured the local Communis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Central Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Central Asia - Soviet And Prc Domination
In 1918 the Bolsheviks set up the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and Bukhara and Khiva also became SSRs. In 1919 the Con...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gwanggaeto The Great Of Goguryeo: Encyclopedia Ii - Gwanggaeto The Great Of Goguryeo - Death And Legacy
Emperor Gwanggaeto died of disease in 413, at the age of 39. Although Gwanggaeto ruled for only 22 years and died fairly young, his conqu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gwanggaeto The Great Of Goguryeo: Encyclopedia Ii - Gwanggaeto The Great Of Goguryeo - Rise To Power And Campaigns Against Baekje
Gwanggaeto succeeded his father, King Gogukyang, upon his death in 391. Immediately upon being crowned king of Goguryeo, Gwanggaeto grant...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Liu Shan: Encyclopedia Ii - Liu Shan - Early Life
Born in 207, Liu Shan was the oldest son of Liu Bei, by his concubine Lady Gan (甘夫人). In the next year, the powerful warlord Cao Ca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Liu Shan: Encyclopedia Ii - Liu Shan - Liu Shan In Romance Of The Three Kingdoms
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a 14th century historical novel by Luo Guanzhong, is a romanticization of the events that occurred bef...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Yuan Of Jin: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Yuan Of Jin - Early Reign
In early 318, Han Zhao's emperor Liu Cong executed Emperor Min, and three months later, news arrived in Jiankang. Sima Rui then declared ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Yuan Of Jin: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Yuan Of Jin - Confrontation With Wang Dun
By 320, Emperor Yuan's relationship with Wang Dun was at a breaking point, as Wang Dun had grown more and more arrogant and controlling o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gwanggaeto The Great Of Goguryeo: Encyclopedia Ii - Gwanggaeto The Great Of Goguryeo - Birth And Background
At the time of his birth, Goguryeo was not a very strong power; before he was born, Geunchogo of Baekje defeated Goguryeo heavily, captur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Liu Shan: Encyclopedia Ii - Liu Shan - Life After Shu Han's Destruction
In 264, Liu Shan and his entire clan was relocated to the Cao Wei capital Luoyang. He was created the Duke of Anle (安樂公), and his s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hmong: Encyclopedia Ii - Hmong - Hmong In The United States
Main article: Hmong American Many Laotian Hmong war refugees fled to America after the Vietnam War. Beginning in December, 1975, the firs...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hmong: Encyclopedia Ii - Hmong - Hmong In The United States
Main article: Hmong American In the United States, many Hmong war refugees of Laotian persecution and the Vietnam War fled to America. Be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Tang Dynasty: Return To Prosperity
On June 18, 618, Gaozu (唐高祖) took the throne, and the Tang Dynasty (唐朝) was established, opening a new age of prosperity and in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification
The Sui Dynasty (隋朝) managed to reunite the country in 589 after almost 300 years of disjunction. The unification is the second short...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Mongols And The Yuan Dynasty
The Jin Empire was defeated by the Mongols, who then proceeded to defeat the Southern Song in a long and bloody war, the first war where ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival Of Chinese Culture
There was strong sentiment, among the populace, against the rule of the "foreigner" (known as Dázi 韃子), which finally led to peasant...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - The Republic Of China
Frustrated by the Qing court's resistance to reform and by China's weakness, young officials, military officers, and students—inspired ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival Of Chinese Culture
There was strong sentiment, among the populace, against the rule of the "foreigner" (known as Dázi 韃子), which finally led to peasant...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Jin The Sixteen Kingdoms And The Northern And Southern Dynasties
Though these three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in 280 by the (Western) Jin Dynasty (晉朝), the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Han Dynasty: A Period Of Prosperity
The Han Dynasty (漢朝) emerged in 202 BC. It was the first dynasty to embrace the philosophy of Confucianism, which became the ideologi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Central Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - Central Asia - Geography
Central Asia is an extremely large region of varied geography, including high plateaus and mountains (Tian Shan), vast deserts (Kara Kum,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Central Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - Central Asia - Definitions
The idea of Central Asia as a distinct region of the world was introduced in 1843 by the geographer Alexander von Humboldt. The borders o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Central Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - Central Asia - History
The history of Central Asia is defined by the area's climate and geography. The aridness of the region made agriculture difficult and its...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Central Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - Central Asia - Culture
Central Asia - Religions. Islam is the religion most common in the former Soviet Central Asian Republics, Afghanistan, Xinjiang and the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Qin Dynasty: The First Chinese Empire
Though the unified reign of the Qin (秦) Emperor lasted only twelve years, he managed to subdue great parts of what constitutes the core...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Central Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - Central Asia - Demographics
By the most inclusive definition, more than 80 million people live in Central Asia, about 2% of Asia's total population. Of the regions o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Post Modern Independence
With the proclamation of the People's Republic of China (中華人民共和國) on October 1, 1949, China was divided yet again, into the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty (清朝, 1644–1911) was founded after the defeat of the Ming, the last Han Chinese dynasty, by the Manchus (滿族). T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Wu Of Jin: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Wu Of Jin - Life Before Establishment Of The Jin Dynasty
Sima Yan was born to Sima Zhao and his wife Wang Yuanji, daughter of the Confucian scholar Wang Su (王肅), in 236, as their oldest son....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Qin Dynasty: The First Chinese Empire
Though the unified reign of the Qin (秦) Emperor lasted only twelve years, he managed to subdue great parts of what constitutes the core...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Jin The Sixteen Kingdoms And The Northern And Southern Dynasties
Though these three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in 280 by the (Western) Jin Dynasty (晉朝), the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification
The Sui Dynasty (隋朝) managed to reunite the country in 589 after almost 300 years of disjunction. The unification is the second short...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Mongols And The Yuan Dynasty
The Jin Empire was defeated by the Mongols, who then proceeded to defeat the Southern Song in a long and bloody war, the first war where ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Tang Dynasty: Return To Prosperity
On June 18, 618, Gaozu (唐高祖) took the throne, and the Tang Dynasty (唐朝) was established, opening a new age of prosperity and in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hmong: Encyclopedia Ii - Hmong - Demographics
Most Hmong currently live in China. Miao population growth in China: 1953: 2,510,000 1964: 2,780,000 1982: 5,030,000 1990: 7,390,000 3,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of China - Han Dynasty: A Period Of Prosperity
The Han Dynasty (漢朝) emerged in 202 BC. It was the first dynasty to embrace the philosophy of Confucianism, which became the ideologi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of China-related Topics M-z: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of China-related Topics M-z - T
T. V. Soong - T. Y. Lin - Ta Kung Pao - Table of Chinese monarchs - Tael - Tabgach - Tagawa Matsu - Tai A Chau - Tai Chi Chuan - Tai Chi-...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Wu Of Jin: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Wu Of Jin - Middle Reign: Unification Of The Chinese Empire
In 276, Emperor Wu suffered a major illness -- which led to a succession crisis. While Crown Prince Zhong would be the legitimate heir, b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hmong: Encyclopedia Ii - Hmong - Nomenclature: Miao And Hmong
Two terms, Miao and Hmong (or H'mong in Vietnam), are both currently used to refer to one of the aboriginal peoples of China. They live m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor Wu Of Jin: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor Wu Of Jin - Late Reign: Setting The Stage For Disasters
In 281, Emperor Wu took 5,000 women from Sun Hao's palace into his own, and thereafter became even more concentrated on feasting and enjo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hmong: Encyclopedia Ii - Hmong - Hmong In Laos
In 1960, many Hmong in Laos were recruited by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency as part of a plan more to fight for and defend Laos ag...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wu Hu: Encyclopedia Ii - Wu Hu - Crisis Of The Jin Dynasty
A era of relative prosperity had existed since Jin Wudi unified China in 280: Wu hu tribes residing inside and in the vicinity of China r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wu Hu: Encyclopedia Ii - Wu Hu - Outbreak: Rebellion Of The Eight Kings
The accession of Emperor Hui in 290 marked the beginning of the crumbling of the Jin Dynasty. Possilby retarded at birth, he was merely a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wu Hu: Encyclopedia Ii - Wu Hu - Wu Hu In The Period Of Three Kingdoms
As the Eastern Han Dynasty slowly disintegrated into an era of "warlords", battles for predominance eventually ushered in the Three Kingd...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wu Hu: Encyclopedia Ii - Wu Hu - Past And Present Definitions
Wu Hu means "five nomadic groups", hence giving it another name, the Five Hu. Wu Hu were composed of five nomadic tribes: Xiōngnú (匈�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wu Hu: Encyclopedia Ii - Wu Hu - Origins Of The Various Definitions
Traditional historians interpreted "Hu" as "barbarians"; some further stretched this obsolete analogy to equate "Hu" with the "Xiongnu". ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wu Hu: Encyclopedia Ii - Wu Hu - Xianbei Confederacy Of Tan Shi Huai
The bitter and unstable relationship between the Han court and various nomadic groups lasted from the start of 2nd century to early 160s ...   » Read the article