Wladyslaw IV Waza

1632 - Events. February 22 - Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published July 23 - 300 colonists for New France depart Dieppe November 8 - Wladyslaw IV Waza elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Zygmunt III Waza death November 16 - Battle of Lützen Fasilidos succeeds his father Sissinios as Emperor of Ethiopia Christina becomes queen of Sweden; five regents, headed by Axel Oxenstierna, govern country. Antigu ...

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Chancellors, as most of the other offices in Poland and later, the Commonwealth, were nominated to the office for life by the King during the Sejm (Parliament) session. From 15th and 16th century, after the reforms of Alexander, Sigismund I and the Union of Lublin, the power and importance of the Chancellor office was stabilised, as the senatorial office lesser then the hetmans (military commanders who had however no right to vote in the Senat) and the Grand Marshals, but more important then ...

See also:

Kanclerz, Kanclerz - History, Kanclerz - Power and responsibilities, Kanclerz - Other chancellors, Kanclerz - List of chancellors, Kanclerz - Notes

Read more here: » Kanclerz: Encyclopedia II - Kanclerz - Power and responsibilities

The upper chamber of the First Republic's Sejm (parliament, or diet) was the Senat. It comprised bishops, voivods, castellans and ministers. The list of dignitaries eligible for the Senat had been finalized when, in the Union of Lublin (1569), the Kingdom of Poland had been transformed into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The most important of all officials was the Primate, Archbishop of Gniezno. Since 1572, the first time Poland had no king, he was the interrex - acted as the head of the state until new king was elected. H ...

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Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Senatorial Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Senatorial Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Central not Senat-related officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Court Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Court Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Military Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Military Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - District Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Crown, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Lithuania, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Prussia, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Borough and judicial officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Borough and judicial officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Town and village officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Town and village officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Other

Read more here: » Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Encyclopedia II - Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Senatorial Offices

His father Sigismund, grandson of Gustav I of Sweden, had succeded his father to the Swedish throne in 1592, only to be deposed by his uncle Charles IX of Sweden in 1599. This led to a long standing feud where the Polish kings of the house of Vasa claimed the Swedish throne, resulting in the Swedish War (1600-1629). Poland and Sweden were also on opposite sides in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), although Poland, for the most part, avoided tak ...

See also:

Jan II Kazimierz Vasa, Jan II Kazimierz Vasa - Royal titles, Jan II Kazimierz Vasa - Biography

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Constitution from 1611 (amended in 1633 and 1635) describes many officials. But bear in mind that exceptions to the rule were the rule. Sejm rules were treated just as suggestions, and in Belz Voivodship, for example, there were only 4 dignitaries (instead of total 15), most north voivodships had about 5, while in Wołyń and Bracław the hierarchical order was almost reversed. Each province or district has its own set of officials - for list of provinces pl ...

See also:

Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Senatorial Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Senatorial Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Central not Senat-related officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Court Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Court Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Military Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Military Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - District Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Crown, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Lithuania, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Prussia, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Borough and judicial officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Borough and judicial officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Town and village officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Town and village officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Other

Read more here: » Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Encyclopedia II - Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - District Offices

The most important official was the starost. He was supported by deputy borough starost (podstarosci grodowy), burgraby (burgrabia), notary (notariusz) and writer (pisarz). Deputy borough starost helped district starost and acted in his name with all his powers during his absence. The lower city officials were borough rejent (rejent grodzki), borough notary (notariusz grodzki), borough writer (pisarz grodzki) and the common clerks – underwrites (podpiskowie). In the eastern territories from 1667, bordering with Russia, there was an office of Border Judge, who coo ...

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Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Senatorial Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Senatorial Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Central not Senat-related officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Court Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Court Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Military Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Military Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - District Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Crown, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Lithuania, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Prussia, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Borough and judicial officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Borough and judicial officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Town and village officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Town and village officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Other

Read more here: » Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Encyclopedia II - Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Borough and judicial officials

Hetmans were the highest military officials. As most of the positions in first Rzeczpospolita, hetman was a job for life and couldn’t be removed even if he was a poor commander. Until beginning of XVIII century, they were not paid for their job. Hetmans were very independent; they could keep their own foreign contacts with Ottoman Empire, Russia and Tatars. They distributed the military budgets as they felt like and as the highest commanders and administrators, hetman made administrative and juridica ...

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Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Senatorial Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Senatorial Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Central not Senat-related officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Court Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Court Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Military Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Military Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - District Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Crown, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Lithuania, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Prussia, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Borough and judicial officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Borough and judicial officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Town and village officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Town and village officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Other

Read more here: » Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Encyclopedia II - Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Military Officials

Those officials were very stable, having evolved around XIII century and lasting almost unchanged till the end of 1st Rzeczpospolita. Administration system came from Germany along with the ‘magdeburgian law’. Each city (no exceptions) had a Council and Bench, where Council was the administrative branch and Bench was the judicial branch. New Council was chosen by the old one run out. It was responsible for administration, law, privileges, security, finances, guild control and such. Council chose the Mayor and his members decision w ...

See also:

Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Senatorial Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Senatorial Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Central not Senat-related officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Court Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Court Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Military Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Military Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - District Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Crown, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Lithuania, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Prussia, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Borough and judicial officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Borough and judicial officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Town and village officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Town and village officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Other

Read more here: » Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Encyclopedia II - Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Town and village officials

Court officials are the most difficult to describe. Some held responsibilities important both the court and country, functions of others kept evolving during centuries. In time (usually with end of XVII century), the titles become only honorary and the king had to create another bunch of officials to deal with those responsibilities. Court officials can be divided into those who dealt with king service and those who ensured the court and run smoothly (in XVI century, it consisted of approximately 1000-1500 people). Since the first gro ...

See also:

Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Senatorial Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Senatorial Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Central not Senat-related officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Court Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Court Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Military Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Military Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - District Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Crown, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Lithuania, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Prussia, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Borough and judicial officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Borough and judicial officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Town and village officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Town and village officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Other

Read more here: » Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Encyclopedia II - Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Court Officials

Klemens | Jarost | Stanislaw z Krakowa | Franciszek z Krakowa | Zbigniew z Szczyrzyca | Janusz Suchywilk | Zawisza z Kurozwek | Jan Radlica z Radliczyc | Zaklika z Miedzygorza | Wojciech Jastrzebiec z Lubnicy | Jan Szafraniec z Luczyc | Jan Taszka z Koniecpola | Jan Gruszczynski | Jakub z Debna | Uriel z Gorki | Stanislaw Kurozwecki | Krzeslaw Kurozwecki | Jan Laski | Maciej Drzewicki | Krzysztof Szydlowiecki | Jan Chojenski | Pawel Wolski | Tomasz Sobocki | Samuel Maciejowski | Jan Ocieski | Walenty Dembinski | Pio ...

See also:

Kanclerz, Kanclerz - History, Kanclerz - Power and responsibilities, Kanclerz - Other chancellors, Kanclerz - List of chancellors, Kanclerz - Notes

Read more here: » Kanclerz: Encyclopedia II - Kanclerz - List of chancellors

As name suggests, non senat-related officials didn’t have the right to vote in Senat. The most important were the Great Secretaries (Crown and Lithuanian). Only an ecclesiastic person could be a great secretary. They were considered to be more important than all district and court officials, with the sole exception of court marshal. They could act as chancellors where no chancellor was present. They dealt with secret letters, in senat they read kings lett ...

See also:

Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Senatorial Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Senatorial Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Central not Senat-related officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Court Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Court Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Military Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Military Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - District Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Crown, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Lithuania, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Prussia, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Borough and judicial officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Borough and judicial officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Town and village officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Town and village officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Other

Read more here: » Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Encyclopedia II - Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Central not Senat-related officials

During the times of fragmentation of Poland, each Polish prince had his own chancellor, but with the reunification of Poland, the office of Chancellor of Kraków (contemporary capital of the Kingdom of Poland) became dominant and other, local chancellors disappeared by the early 15th century. Also in the 15th century, the Chancellor office split into that of the Great Chancellor and Deputy Chancellor (however the Lithuanian Deputy Chancellor was created later, in the mid-16th century). The Deputy Chancellor was however not a subordinate of t ...

See also:

Kanclerz, Kanclerz - History, Kanclerz - Power and responsibilities, Kanclerz - Other chancellors, Kanclerz - List of chancellors, Kanclerz - Notes

Read more here: » Kanclerz: Encyclopedia II - Kanclerz - History