Wiktionary

A formal definition of a thesaurus designed for indexing is: a list of every important term (single-word or multi-word) in a given domain of knowledge; and a set of related terms for each term in the list. Terms are the basic semantic units for conveying concepts. They are usually single-word nouns, since nouns are the most concrete part of speech. Verbs can be converted to nouns -- cleans to cleaning, reads to reading, and so on. Adjectives and adverbs, however, seldom convey any meaning useful for indexi ...

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Thesaurus, Thesaurus - Definition, Thesaurus - Examples, Thesaurus - Specialized

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In modern Greek, the word malakas (a masturbator) is used metaphorically in everyday speech to define the individual that uses no common sense, who instead repeats the same mistakes many times over, while maintaining an attitude of self-righteousness. The relation is probably derived by the common notion according to which exhessive masturbation harms the brain. It falls into the class of slang where it is appropriate to use amongst friends, but may be considered an insult when u ...

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Malakas, Malakas - Usage, Malakas - Malakia, Malakas - Etymology, Malakas - Other Languages

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The Irish language has no words which directly translate as "yes" or "no", instead the verb in a question is repeated in an answer. People in Ireland have a tendency to repeat the verb, positively or negatively, instead of using "yes" or "no." "Are you finished debugging that software?" "I am." "Is your mobile charged?" "It isn't." Alternatively, it is common for Irish English-speakers to use the word "aye" as a weak form of "yes" (somewhat akin to "sure" or "yeah"). "It's getting late, is it?" "Aye, it is." or " It is, aye. ...

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Hiberno-English, Hiberno-English - Pronunciation, Hiberno-English - Grammar derived from Irish, Hiberno-English - Preservation of older English usage, Hiberno-English - Turns of phrase, Hiberno-English - Lexicon

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The Irish language has no words which directly translate as "yes" or "no", instead the verb in a question is repeated in an answer. People in Ireland have a tendency to repeat the verb, positively or negatively, instead of using "yes" or "no." "Are you finished debugging that software?" "I am." "Is your mobile charged?" "It isn't." Alternatively, it is common for Irish English-speakers to use the word "aye" as a weak form of "yes" (somewhat akin to "sure" or "yeah"). "It's getting late, is it?" "Aye, it is." or " It is, aye. ...

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Hiberno-English, Hiberno-English - Pronunciation, Hiberno-English - Grammar derived from Irish, Hiberno-English - Preservation of older English and Norman French usage, Hiberno-English - Turns of phrase, Hiberno-English - Lexicon

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The week as we know it was introduced by astromancers around the 3rd century, replacing the Roman calendar in use until then. The order of the days was explained by Dio Cassius (and Chaucer gave the same explanation in his Treatise on the Astrolabe). According to Cassius, it was a principle of astrology that the heavenly bodies presided, in succession, over the hours of the day. The Ptolemaic system asserts that the order of the heavenly bodies, from the farthest to the closest to the Earth, is: Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon. (This order w ...

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Days of the week, Days of the week - Order, Days of the week - Modern ordering, Days of the week - Calendrical origins, Days of the week - Names, Days of the week - Astronomical, Days of the week - Numerical, Days of the week - Notes, Days of the week - Bibliography

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The largest dialects of Ojibwe tend to have 29 phonemes, 11 vowels (seven oral and four nasal) and 18 consonants. The obstruents of Ojibwe are of lenis/fortis contrast, but in state of transition to the voiced/voiceless ones. In the lenis/fortis contrast classification, all consonants are considered voiceless. The fortis consonants are characterised by being pronounced more strongly and longer in duration. They often are aspirated or preaspirated. The lenis consonants in many communities have transitioned to being voiced (altho ...

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Ojibwe language, Ojibwe language - Classification, Ojibwe language - Geographic distribution, Ojibwe language - Dialects, Ojibwe language - Phonology, Ojibwe language - Vowels, Ojibwe language - Consonants, Ojibwe language - Phonological Processes, Ojibwe language - Prosody, Ojibwe language - Phonotactics, Ojibwe language - Grammar, Ojibwe language - Pronouns, Ojibwe language - Verbs, Ojibwe language - Nouns, Ojibwe language - Adjectives, Ojibwe language - Syntax, Ojibwe language - Vocabulary, Ojibwe language - Writing system, Ojibwe language - Double Vowel System, Ojibwe language - Syllabary, Ojibwe language - History, Ojibwe language - Examples, Ojibwe language - Text, Ojibwe language - Translation, Ojibwe language - Gloss

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Ojibwe is written using a syllabary, which is usually said to have been developed by missionary James Evans around 1840 and based on Pitman's shorthand. In the United States, the language is most often written phonemically with Roman characters. Syllabics are primarily used in Canada. The newest Roman character-based writing system is the Double Vowel System, devised by Charles Fiero. Although there is no standard orthography, the Double Vowel System is quickly gaining popularity among language teachers in the United States and Canada because of its ease of use. See also:

Ojibwe language, Ojibwe language - Classification, Ojibwe language - Geographic distribution, Ojibwe language - Dialects, Ojibwe language - Phonology, Ojibwe language - Vowels, Ojibwe language - Consonants, Ojibwe language - Phonological Processes, Ojibwe language - Prosody, Ojibwe language - Phonotactics, Ojibwe language - Grammar, Ojibwe language - Pronouns, Ojibwe language - Verbs, Ojibwe language - Nouns, Ojibwe language - Adjectives, Ojibwe language - Syntax, Ojibwe language - Vocabulary, Ojibwe language - Writing system, Ojibwe language - Double Vowel System, Ojibwe language - Syllabary, Ojibwe language - History, Ojibwe language - Examples, Ojibwe language - Text, Ojibwe language - Translation, Ojibwe language - Gloss

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This example text is taken, with permission, from the first four lines of Niizh Ikwewag, a story originally told by John Nichols, on Professor Brian Donovan of Bemidji State University's webpage. Ojibwe language - Text. Aabiding gii-ayaawag niizh ikwewag: mindimooyenh, odaanisan bezhig. Iwidi Chi-achaabaaning akeyaa gii-onjibaawag. Inashke naa mewinzha gii-aawan, mii eta go imaa sa wiigiwaaming gaa-taawaad igo. Mii dash iwapii, aabiding igo gii-awi-bagida'w ...

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Ojibwe language, Ojibwe language - Classification, Ojibwe language - Geographic distribution, Ojibwe language - Dialects, Ojibwe language - Phonology, Ojibwe language - Vowels, Ojibwe language - Consonants, Ojibwe language - Phonological Processes, Ojibwe language - Prosody, Ojibwe language - Phonotactics, Ojibwe language - Grammar, Ojibwe language - Pronouns, Ojibwe language - Verbs, Ojibwe language - Nouns, Ojibwe language - Adjectives, Ojibwe language - Syntax, Ojibwe language - Vocabulary, Ojibwe language - Writing system, Ojibwe language - Double Vowel System, Ojibwe language - Syllabary, Ojibwe language - History, Ojibwe language - Examples, Ojibwe language - Text, Ojibwe language - Translation, Ojibwe language - Gloss

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Ojibwe is spoken by around 10,000 people in the United States and by as many as 45,000 in Canada, making it one of the largest Algic languages by speakers. The various dialects are spoken in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan in the US, and north into Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec in Canada. Ojibwe language - Dialects. Ojibwe has quite a few divergent dialects. The primary ones are Nipissing, Plains Ojibwe (Saulteaux), Eastern Ojibwe, Northern Ojibwe, and Odaawaa (or Ottawa), Severn Ojibwe (Oji-Cree), and ...

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Ojibwe language, Ojibwe language - Classification, Ojibwe language - Geographic distribution, Ojibwe language - Dialects, Ojibwe language - Phonology, Ojibwe language - Vowels, Ojibwe language - Consonants, Ojibwe language - Phonological Processes, Ojibwe language - Prosody, Ojibwe language - Phonotactics, Ojibwe language - Grammar, Ojibwe language - Pronouns, Ojibwe language - Verbs, Ojibwe language - Nouns, Ojibwe language - Adjectives, Ojibwe language - Syntax, Ojibwe language - Vocabulary, Ojibwe language - Writing system, Ojibwe language - Double Vowel System, Ojibwe language - Syllabary, Ojibwe language - History, Ojibwe language - Examples, Ojibwe language - Text, Ojibwe language - Translation, Ojibwe language - Gloss

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In the evolution from Proto-Algonquian to Ojibwe, the most sweeping change was the voicing of all Proto-Algonquian voiceless obstruents except when they were in clusters with *h, *ʔ, *ɬ, or *t (which were subsequently lost). Proto-Algonquian *r and *ɬ became Ojibwe n. The relatively symmetrical Proto-Algonquian vowel system, *i, *ī, *e, *ē, *a, *ā, *o, *ō remain ...

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Ojibwe language, Ojibwe language - Classification, Ojibwe language - Geographic distribution, Ojibwe language - Dialects, Ojibwe language - Phonology, Ojibwe language - Vowels, Ojibwe language - Consonants, Ojibwe language - Phonological Processes, Ojibwe language - Prosody, Ojibwe language - Phonotactics, Ojibwe language - Grammar, Ojibwe language - Pronouns, Ojibwe language - Verbs, Ojibwe language - Nouns, Ojibwe language - Adjectives, Ojibwe language - Syntax, Ojibwe language - Vocabulary, Ojibwe language - Writing system, Ojibwe language - Double Vowel System, Ojibwe language - Syllabary, Ojibwe language - History, Ojibwe language - Examples, Ojibwe language - Text, Ojibwe language - Translation, Ojibwe language - Gloss

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Memetics, the study of memes, remains a controversial field among many scientists and skeptics. Memetics originated when Richard Dawkins reduced the process of biological genetic evolution to its most fundamental unit: the replicator (or gene). Dawkins, in a search for parallels and other things that he might classify as replicators, suggested that the information and ideas in brains — culture, for example — could function as replicators as well. Computer software may represent another form of replicator with which evolution may eventually build grand things, whether soci ...

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Meme, Meme - Introduction and definitions, Meme - Dawkins genetic analogy, Meme - Meme complexes and horizontal transmission, Meme - Historical usage of the meme concept, Meme - Quotation: Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Internet propagation, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples, Meme - Common misconceptions

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Memetic engineering consists of the process of developing memes, through meme-splicing and memetic synthesis, with the intent of altering the behavior of others. It consists of the process of creating and developing theories or ideologies based on an analytical study of societies, their ways of thinking and the evolution of the minds that comprise them. Attempts have been made at Artificial Meme-Phrase Creation, although success has been limited. Memes in themselves appear morally neutral; not necessarily good or bad. However the appl ...

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Meme, Meme - Introduction and definitions, Meme - Dawkins genetic analogy, Meme - Meme complexes and horizontal transmission, Meme - Historical usage of the meme concept, Meme - Quotation: Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Internet propagation, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples, Meme - Common misconceptions

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Memetic evolution, like genetic evolution, cannot happen without mutation. Mutation produces the essential variations, whereupon those variations that prove "better" at replication will become more common and therefore have a greater chance at replication again. However, unlike genetic evolution, memetic evolution seems to have no separate underlying genotype. If, for example, a mouse loses its tail or a bodybuilder lifts weights, the genetic information in their genotype, stored on their DNA, will remain unchanged, and when that genetic inf ...

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Meme, Meme - Introduction and definitions, Meme - Dawkins genetic analogy, Meme - Meme complexes and horizontal transmission, Meme - Historical usage of the meme concept, Meme - Quotation: Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Internet propagation, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples, Meme - Common misconceptions

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Though memeticists do not generally agree on a specific definition, one can roughly define 'meme' as any piece of information transferable from one mind to another. Examples might include thoughts, ideas, theories, practices, habits, songs, dances and moods. Different definitions of meme generally agree, very roughly, that a meme consists of some sort of a self-propagating unit of cultural evolution hav ...

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Meme, Meme - Introduction and definitions, Meme - Dawkins genetic analogy, Meme - Meme complexes and horizontal transmission, Meme - Historical usage of the meme concept, Meme - Quotation: Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Internet propagation, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples, Meme - Common misconceptions

Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Introduction and definitions

In 1981 biologists Charles J. Lumsden and Edward Osborne Wilson published a theory of gene-culture coevolution in the book Genes, Mind, and Culture: The Coevolutionary Process. They pointed out that the fundamental biological units of culture must correspond to neuronal networks that function as nodes of semantic memory. Wilson later adopted the term 'meme' as the best existing name for the fundamental unit of cultural inheritance and elaborated upon the fundamental role of memes in unifying the natural and social sciences in his book Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge. < ...

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Meme, Meme - Introduction and definitions, Meme - Dawkins genetic analogy, Meme - Meme complexes and horizontal transmission, Meme - Historical usage of the meme concept, Meme - Quotation: Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Internet propagation, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples, Meme - Common misconceptions

Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain

Crudely-stated versions of some common memes include: Technology: cars, paper-clips, etc. Technology clearly demonstrates mutation as well, which memetic (or genetic) progress requires. Many paper-clip designs have emerged throughout history, for example, with varying degrees of longevity, fecundity and copying fidelity (i.e., memetic "success"). An often-cited example of "technology as meme" involves the building of a fire. Jingles: advertising slogans set to an engaging melody Earworms: songs that one can't s ...

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Meme, Meme - Introduction and definitions, Meme - Dawkins genetic analogy, Meme - Meme complexes and horizontal transmission, Meme - Historical usage of the meme concept, Meme - Quotation: Ideas have a life of their own, Meme - Memetics, Meme - Memetic evolution, Meme - Do cultures evolve?, Meme - Propagation of memes, Meme - Internet propagation, Meme - Memetic engineering, Meme - Biological analogies, Meme - Thoughts as discrete units, Meme - Evolution of memes, Meme - Evolutionary forces affecting memes, Meme - Memetic virus exchange?, Meme - Non-natural selection, Meme - Reproductive isolation in meme speciation, Meme - Forms taken by memes in the brain, Meme - The be happy and make others happy memes, Meme - Religion, Meme - Science, Meme - Meme resistance, Meme - Examples, Meme - Common misconceptions

Read more here: » Meme: Encyclopedia II - Meme - Examples

Uncyclopedia was launched in January of 2005 as a satire piece on Wikipedia, originally as a response to the demand in Wikipedia's "Bad Jokes and Other Deleted Nonsense" pages (themselves parodied in Uncyclopedia's True Facts and Other Deleted Prose page) for a place to put their nonsense. However, it was not advertised at all on Wikipedia itself, and grew into a place for small satirical essays on assorted topics. Uncyclopedia quickly outgrew its original webhost; on May 26, 2005, it was announced that Uncyclopedia would be hosted by Wikia, though not as a Wikicity. [2] Thus, its l ...

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Uncyclopedia, Uncyclopedia - History, Uncyclopedia - Content, Uncyclopedia - Common themes, Uncyclopedia - Main Page Holidays, Uncyclopedia - Notability

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Main article: Spanish irregular verbs A considerable number of verbs change the vowel e in the root to the diphthong ie, and the vowel o to ue. This happens when the root vowel receives the stress. A number of verbs in the second and third conjugations show a slightly different irregularity, whereby e also changes to i, and o also changes to u, in some persons and tenses. The so-called G-verbs add a medial -g- in the first person singular, present tense (-ig- when the root ends in a vowel). Many ...

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Spanish verbs, Spanish verbs - Mood tense and aspect — forms of the verb, Spanish verbs - Non-finite forms, Spanish verbs - The indicative, Spanish verbs - The subjunctive, Spanish verbs - The conditional, Spanish verbs - The imperative, Spanish verbs - Irregular verbs, Spanish verbs - Use of verbs, Spanish verbs - Contrasting simple and continuous forms, Spanish verbs - Contrasting the present and the future, Spanish verbs - Contrasting the preterite and the imperfect, Spanish verbs - Contrasting the preterite and the perfect, Spanish verbs - Contrasting the indicative and the subjunctive, Spanish verbs - Contrasting the subjunctive and the conditional, Spanish verbs - Contrasting the subjunctive and the imperative, Spanish verbs - Contrasting the present and the future subjunctive, Spanish verbs - Contrasting the preterite and the past anterior, Spanish verbs - Contrasting ser and estar, Spanish verbs - Contrasting haber and tener, Spanish verbs - Negation, Spanish verbs - Expressing movement

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To illustrate the way a verb may conjugate, let us take a typical -ar verb: hablar, "to talk, to speak". Note that the English equivalents given are only approximate. First, here are the forms that do not conjugate (non-finite): Spanish verbs - Non-finite forms. Infinitive: hablar = "to speak" Gerund: hablando = "speaking" Past participle: hablado (hablado, hablada, hablad ...

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Spanish verbs, Spanish verbs - Mood tense and aspect — forms of the verb, Spanish verbs - Non-finite forms, Spanish verbs - The indicative, Spanish verbs - The subjunctive, Spanish verbs - The conditional, Spanish verbs - The imperative, Spanish verbs - Irregular verbs, Spanish verbs - Use of verbs, Spanish verbs - Contrasting simple and continuous forms, Spanish verbs - Contrasting the present and the future, Spanish verbs - Contrasting the preterite and the imperfect, Spanish verbs - Contrasting the preterite and the perfect, Spanish verbs - Contrasting the indicative and the subjunctive, Spanish verbs - Contrasting the subjunctive and the conditional, Spanish verbs - Contrasting the subjunctive and the imperative, Spanish verbs - Contrasting the present and the future subjunctive, Spanish verbs - Contrasting the preterite and the past anterior, Spanish verbs - Contrasting ser and estar, Spanish verbs - Contrasting haber and tener, Spanish verbs - Negation, Spanish verbs - Expressing movement

Read more here: » Spanish verbs: Encyclopedia II - Spanish verbs - Mood tense and aspect — forms of the verb

According to www.malakas.org malakas derives from the ancient Greek word "malthakos (μαλθακός)", which meaning "soft" or "spoilt, well-used to luxuries of life". Alternately, it may derive from the verb "malakiao (μαλακιάω)", meaning "soften". Its original connotation was something akin to "softie" or "pansy". Interestengly, malakas/malakia is the ideal word for mainstream greeks to describe persons or actions that can be classified as geeky. Synonyms: καταμαλακίζω, πλαδ ...

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Malakas, Malakas - Usage, Malakas - Malakia, Malakas - Etymology, Malakas - Other Languages

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Amn't is used as an abbreviation of "am not", by analogy with "isn't" and "aren't". This can be used as a tag question ("I'm making a mistake, amn't I?"), or as an alternative to "I'm not" ("I amn't joking"), and the double negative is also used ("I'm not late, amn't I not?"). Arra is used also. Arra tends to be used after something bad has happened, when someone is looking on the bright side ("Arra, we'll go ...

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Hiberno-English, Hiberno-English - Pronunciation, Hiberno-English - Grammar derived from Irish, Hiberno-English - Preservation of older English and Norman French usage, Hiberno-English - Turns of phrase, Hiberno-English - Lexicon

Read more here: » Hiberno-English: Encyclopedia II - Hiberno-English - Turns of phrase

Tamil is atrocioulsy non-phonetic - the language itself could be read as dhamizh or thamizh in the native script. Tamil is subject to well-defined rules of elision and euphony. The present script used to write Tamil text is believed to have evolved from the Brahmi script of the Ashoka era. Later, a southern variant of the Brahmi script evolved into the Grantha script, which was used to write both Sanskrit and Tamil texts. Between the 6th and 10th centuries, a new script called vettezhuthu (meaning letters that are cut) evolved ...

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Tamil language, Tamil language - History, Tamil language - Classification, Tamil language - Geographic distribution, Tamil language - Legal status, Tamil language - Spoken and literary variants, Tamil language - Dialects, Tamil language - Writing system, Tamil language - Sounds, Tamil language - Vowels, Tamil language - Consonants, Tamil language - Special character, Tamil language - Phonology, Tamil language - Grammar, Tamil language - Parts of speech, Tamil language - Sentence structure, Tamil language - Vocabulary, Tamil language - Examples

Read more here: » Tamil language: Encyclopedia II - Tamil language - Writing system