Wikibook on consciousness

Artificial consciousness (AC), also known as machine consciousness (MC) or synthetic consciousness, is a field related to artificial intelligence and cognitive robotics whose aim is to define that which would have to be synthesized were consciousness to be found in an engineered artefact.1 The idea of producing an artificial sentient being is ancient and is featured in numerous myths such as the Golem, the Greek promethean myth, mechanical men in Chrétien d ...

Including:

• Artificial consciousness - The nature of consciousness
• Artificial consciousness - Information processing and consciousness
• Artificial consciousness - Consciousness in digital computers
• Artificial consciousness - Schools of thought
• Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness as a field of study
• Artificial consciousness - Practical approaches
• Artificial consciousness - Franklin’s Intelligent Distribution Agent
• Artificial consciousness - Haikonen’s Cognitive architecture
• Artificial consciousness - Testing for artificial consciousness
• Artificial consciousness - The ethics of artificial consciousness
• Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness in literature and movies

Read more here: » Artificial consciousness: Encyclopedia - Artificial consciousness

The 8-Circuit Model of Consciousness is a heuristic model of consciousness proposed by Timothy Leary. Perhaps somehow reminiscing Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs, Leary believed the mind is best viewed as a collection of 8 "circuits", also called "gears" or "mini-brains". Each stage represents a higher stage of evolution than the one before it. The first four, which Leary presumed to reside in the left lobe of the cerebrum, are concerned with the survival of organisms on earth; the other four, which Leary suggested are found in the right lobe, are for use in the fu ...

Including:

• 8-Circuit Model of Consciousness - Blibliography

Read more here: » 8-Circuit Model of Consciousness: Encyclopedia - 8-Circuit Model of Consciousness

One of the central problems in interpretation of quantum theory is the duality of time evolution of physical systems: Unitary evolution by the Schrödinger equation, Nondeterministic, nonunitary change during measurement of physical observables, at which time the system "selects" a single value in the range of possible values for the observable. This process is known as wavefunction collapse. Moreover, the process of observation occurs outside the system, which presents a problem on its own if one considers the universe itself to be ...

See also:

Many-minds interpretation, Many-minds interpretation - The central problems, Many-minds interpretation - The Many-worlds Interpretation, Many-minds interpretation - Continuous infinity of minds, Many-minds interpretation - Objections

Read more here: » Many-minds interpretation: Encyclopedia II - Many-minds interpretation - The central problems

This theory of mind covers two separate concepts: Gaining the understanding that others also have minds, with different and separate beliefs, desires, mental states, and intentions Being able to form operational hypotheses (theories), or mental models, with a degree of accuracy, as to what those beliefs, desires, mental states, and intentions are. A Theory of Mind appears to be a usually-inate potential ability in humans (and, some argue, in certain other species), but one requiring social and other experi ...

See also:

Theory of mind, Theory of mind - General category usage, Theory of mind - Theories of mind attributable to individuals, Theory of mind - Theory of Mind - interpersonal understanding of mental states

Read more here: » Theory of mind: Encyclopedia II - Theory of mind - Theory of Mind - interpersonal understanding of mental states

There are various aspects of consciousness generally deemed necessary for a machine to be artificially conscious. A variety of functions in which consciousness plays a role were suggested by Bernard Baars. The aim of AC is to define whether and how these and other aspects of consciousness can be synthesized in an engineered artefact such as digital computer. This list is not exhaustive; there are many others not covered. A generally accepted criterion for sentience and consciousness is self-awareness: one dictionary defines conscio ...

See also:

Artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The nature of consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Information processing and consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Consciousness in digital computers, Artificial consciousness - Schools of thought, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness as a field of study, Artificial consciousness - Practical approaches, Artificial consciousness - Franklin’s Intelligent Distribution Agent, Artificial consciousness - Haikonen’s cognitive architecture, Artificial consciousness - Testing for artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The ethics of artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness in literature and movies

Read more here: » Artificial consciousness: Encyclopedia II - Artificial consciousness - Consciousness in digital computers

Space-time theories of consciousness have been advanced by Arthur Eddington, John Smythies and other scientists. The concept was also mentioned by Hermann Weyl who wrote that reality is a "...four-dimensional continuum which is neither 'time' nor 'space'. Only the consciousness that passes on in one portion of this world experiences the detached piece which comes to meet it and passes behind it, as history, that is, as a process that is going forward in time and takes place in space". In 1953, CD Broad, in common with most authors in this field, proposed that there are two types of time, imaginary time measur ...

See also:

Space-time theories of consciousness, Space-time theories of consciousness - Background, Space-time theories of consciousness - Predictions

Read more here: » Space-time theories of consciousness: Encyclopedia II - Space-time theories of consciousness - Background

According to this theory, each sense functions as a lens, refocusing wave patterns either by perceiving a specific pattern or context as swirls, or by discerning discrete grains or quantum units. David Bohm has said that if you take the lenses away, what you are left with is a hologram. According to Pribram and Bohm, "future orientation" is the essence of cognitive function, which they have attempted to define through use of the Fourier theorem and quantum mechanical formulae. According to Pribram, the tuning of wave frequency in cell ...

See also:

Holonomic brain theory, Holonomic brain theory - Lens-defined model of brain function, Holonomic brain theory - Quantum dynamics of free will

Read more here: » Holonomic brain theory: Encyclopedia II - Holonomic brain theory - Lens-defined model of brain function

There are many areas of study within neuroscience including: Molecular and cellular neuroscience: These two fields integrate neurobiology with neurochemistry. The goals of these fields are to understand the cellular and chemical mechanisms responsible for normal and abnormal brain function. Developmental neuroscience: This field studies the ways in which the ectodermally-derived central nervous system and mesodermally-derived peripheral nervous system develops into adulthood. Developmental neuroscience uses a variety of ...

See also:

Neuroscience, Neuroscience - Fields within neuroscience

Read more here: » Neuroscience: Encyclopedia II - Neuroscience - Fields within neuroscience

There are various aspects of consciousness generally deemed necessary for a machine to be artificially conscious. A variety of functions in which consciousness plays a role were suggested by Bernard Baars. The aim of AC is to define whether and how these and other aspects of consciousness can be synthesized in an engineered artefact such as digital computer. This list is not exhaustive; there are many others not covered. A generally accepted criterion for sentience and consciousness is self-awareness: one dictionary defines conscio ...

See also:

Artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The nature of consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Information processing and consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Consciousness in digital computers, Artificial consciousness - Schools of thought, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness as a field of study, Artificial consciousness - Practical approaches, Artificial consciousness - Franklin’s Intelligent Distribution Agent, Artificial consciousness - Haikonen’s Cognitive architecture, Artificial consciousness - Testing for artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The ethics of artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness in literature and movies

Read more here: » Artificial consciousness: Encyclopedia II - Artificial consciousness - Consciousness in digital computers

Information processing consists of encoding a state, such as the geometry of an image, on a carrier such as a stream of electrons, and then submitting this encoded state to a series of transformations specified by a set of instructions called a program. In principle the carrier could be anything, even steel balls or onions, and the machine that implements the instructions need not be electronic, it could be mechanical or fluidic. Digital computers implement information processing. From the earliest days of digital computers people have suggested that these devices may one day be co ...

See also:

Artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The nature of consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Information processing and consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Consciousness in digital computers, Artificial consciousness - Schools of thought, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness as a field of study, Artificial consciousness - Practical approaches, Artificial consciousness - Franklin’s Intelligent Distribution Agent, Artificial consciousness - Haikonen’s cognitive architecture, Artificial consciousness - Testing for artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The ethics of artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness in literature and movies

Read more here: » Artificial consciousness: Encyclopedia II - Artificial consciousness - Information processing and consciousness

Main article: Consciousness According to naïve and direct realism, humans perceive directly while brains perform processing. According to indirect realism and dualism, brains contain data obtained by processing but what people perceive is a mental model or state appearing to overlay physical things as a result of projective geometry (such as the point observation in Rene Descartes' dualism). Wh ...

See also:

Artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The nature of consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Information processing and consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Consciousness in digital computers, Artificial consciousness - Schools of thought, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness as a field of study, Artificial consciousness - Practical approaches, Artificial consciousness - Franklin’s Intelligent Distribution Agent, Artificial consciousness - Haikonen’s cognitive architecture, Artificial consciousness - Testing for artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The ethics of artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness in literature and movies

Read more here: » Artificial consciousness: Encyclopedia II - Artificial consciousness - The nature of consciousness

Main article: Consciousness According to naïve and direct realism, humans perceive directly while brains perform processing. According to indirect realism and dualism, brains contain data obtained by processing but what people perceive is a mental model or state appearing to overlay physical things as a result of projective geometry (such as the point observation in Rene Descartes' dualism). Wh ...

See also:

Artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The nature of consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Information processing and consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Consciousness in digital computers, Artificial consciousness - Schools of thought, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness as a field of study, Artificial consciousness - Practical approaches, Artificial consciousness - Franklin’s Intelligent Distribution Agent, Artificial consciousness - Haikonen’s Cognitive architecture, Artificial consciousness - Testing for artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The ethics of artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness in literature and movies

Read more here: » Artificial consciousness: Encyclopedia II - Artificial consciousness - The nature of consciousness

There are several commonly stated views regarding the plausibility and capability of AC, and the likelihood that AC will ever be real consciousness. Some say the thermostat is really conscious, but they do not claim the thermostat is capable of an appreciation of music. In an interview [6] Chalmers called his statement that thermostat is conscious "very speculative" and he is not a keen proponent of pan psychism (see page 298 of Chalmers (1996) whither panpsychism). Interpretations like that are possible because of deliberately loose definitions, but tend to ...

See also:

Artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The nature of consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Information processing and consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Consciousness in digital computers, Artificial consciousness - Schools of thought, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness as a field of study, Artificial consciousness - Practical approaches, Artificial consciousness - Franklin’s Intelligent Distribution Agent, Artificial consciousness - Haikonen’s cognitive architecture, Artificial consciousness - Testing for artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The ethics of artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness in literature and movies

Read more here: » Artificial consciousness: Encyclopedia II - Artificial consciousness - Schools of thought

Unless artificial consciousness can be proven formally, judgments of the success of any implementation will depend on observation. The Turing test is a proposal for identifying machine intelligence as determined by a machine's ability to interact with a person. In the Turing test one has to guess whether the entity one is interacting with is a machine or a human. An artificially conscious entity could only pass an equivalent test when it had itself passed beyond the imaginations of observers and entered into ...

See also:

Artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The nature of consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Information processing and consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Consciousness in digital computers, Artificial consciousness - Schools of thought, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness as a field of study, Artificial consciousness - Practical approaches, Artificial consciousness - Franklin’s Intelligent Distribution Agent, Artificial consciousness - Haikonen’s cognitive architecture, Artificial consciousness - Testing for artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The ethics of artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness in literature and movies

Read more here: » Artificial consciousness: Encyclopedia II - Artificial consciousness - Testing for artificial consciousness

AC research has moved beyond realm of philosophy; several serious attempts are underway to instill consciousness in machines. Two of these are described below; others exist and more will undoubtedly follow. Artificial consciousness - Franklin’s Intelligent Distribution Agent. Stan Franklin (1995, 2003) defines an autonomous agent as possessing functional consciousness when it is capable of several of the functions of consciousness as identified by Bernard Baars’ Global Workspace Theory (1988, 1997). Hi ...

See also:

Artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The nature of consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Information processing and consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Consciousness in digital computers, Artificial consciousness - Schools of thought, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness as a field of study, Artificial consciousness - Practical approaches, Artificial consciousness - Franklin’s Intelligent Distribution Agent, Artificial consciousness - Haikonen’s cognitive architecture, Artificial consciousness - Testing for artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The ethics of artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness in literature and movies

Read more here: » Artificial consciousness: Encyclopedia II - Artificial consciousness - Practical approaches

Proponents of the "Space-time theories of consciousness" assert that they make predictions, and are thus to be distinguished from pseudoscience. These predictions are not known to have been tested specifically. The empirical theory of Alex Green predicts that a small part of the brain such as the centromedian nucleus will be sensitive to mechanical deformation and topical application of general anaesthetics, that cognitive experiments will demonstrate the creation of models of the world by the cerebral cortex that form the input to conscious experience and that consciousness is in ...

See also:

Space-time theories of consciousness, Space-time theories of consciousness - Background, Space-time theories of consciousness - Predictions

Read more here: » Space-time theories of consciousness: Encyclopedia II - Space-time theories of consciousness - Predictions

Information processing consists of encoding a state, such as the geometry of an image, on a carrier such as a stream of electrons, and then submitting this encoded state to a series of transformations specified by a set of instructions called a program. In principle the carrier could be anything, even steel balls or onions, and the machine that implements the instructions need not be electronic, it could be mechanical or fluidic. Digital computers implement information processing. From the earliest days of digital computers people have suggested that these devices may one day be co ...

See also:

Artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The nature of consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Information processing and consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Consciousness in digital computers, Artificial consciousness - Schools of thought, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness as a field of study, Artificial consciousness - Practical approaches, Artificial consciousness - Franklin’s Intelligent Distribution Agent, Artificial consciousness - Haikonen’s Cognitive architecture, Artificial consciousness - Testing for artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The ethics of artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness in literature and movies

Read more here: » Artificial consciousness: Encyclopedia II - Artificial consciousness - Information processing and consciousness

Objections that apply to the many-world interpretation also apply to the many-mind interpretations. On the surface both of these theories expressly violate Occam's Razor; proponents counter that in fact these solutions minimize entities by simplifying the rules that would be required to describe the universe. Another serious objection is that workers in no collapse interpretations have produced no more than elementary models based on the definite existence of specific measuring devices. They have assumed, for example, that the Hilbert ...

See also:

Many-minds interpretation, Many-minds interpretation - The central problems, Many-minds interpretation - The Many-worlds Interpretation, Many-minds interpretation - Continuous infinity of minds, Many-minds interpretation - Objections

Read more here: » Many-minds interpretation: Encyclopedia II - Many-minds interpretation - Objections

Unless artificial consciousness can be proven formally, judgments of the success of any implementation will depend on observation. The Turing test is a proposal for identifying machine intelligence as determined by a machine's ability to interact with a person. In the Turing test one has to guess whether the entity one is interacting with is a machine or a human. An artificially conscious entity could only pass an equivalent test when it had itself passed beyond the imaginations of observers and entered into ...

See also:

Artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The nature of consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Information processing and consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Consciousness in digital computers, Artificial consciousness - Schools of thought, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness as a field of study, Artificial consciousness - Practical approaches, Artificial consciousness - Franklin’s Intelligent Distribution Agent, Artificial consciousness - Haikonen’s Cognitive architecture, Artificial consciousness - Testing for artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The ethics of artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness in literature and movies

Read more here: » Artificial consciousness: Encyclopedia II - Artificial consciousness - Testing for artificial consciousness

AC research has moved beyond realm of philosophy; several serious attempts are underway to instill consciousness in machines. Two of these are described below; others exist and more will undoubtedly follow. Artificial consciousness - Franklin’s Intelligent Distribution Agent. Stan Franklin (1995, 2003) defines an autonomous agent as possessing functional consciousness when it is capable of several of the functions of consciousness as identified by Bernard Baars’ Global Workspace Theory (1988, 1997). Hi ...

See also:

Artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The nature of consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Information processing and consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Consciousness in digital computers, Artificial consciousness - Schools of thought, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness as a field of study, Artificial consciousness - Practical approaches, Artificial consciousness - Franklin’s Intelligent Distribution Agent, Artificial consciousness - Haikonen’s Cognitive architecture, Artificial consciousness - Testing for artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - The ethics of artificial consciousness, Artificial consciousness - Artificial consciousness in literature and movies

Read more here: » Artificial consciousness: Encyclopedia II - Artificial consciousness - Practical approaches