On December 21, 1671 he was proposed as a candidate for admission into the Royal Society by Dr Seth Ward, bishop of Salisbury, and on January 11, 1672 he was elected a fellow of the Society. At the meeting at which Newton was elected, he read a description of a reflecting telescope which he had invented, and "it was ordered that a letter should be written by the secretary to Mr Newton to acquaint him of his election into the Society, and to thank him for the communication of his telescope, and to assure him that t ...

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Isaac Newton's early life and achievements, Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - Birth and education, Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - Academic career, Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - The composition of white light, Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - Newton's theory of colour, Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - Controversies, Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - Conflict over oratorship elections, Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - Newton's poverty, Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - Universal law of gravitation

Read more here: » Isaac Newton's early life and achievements: Encyclopedia II - Isaac Newton's early life and achievements - The composition of white light

White - Paint. In painting, white can be created by reflecting ambient light from a white pigment. White when mixed with black produces gray. To art students, the use of white can present particular problems, and there is at least one training course specializing in the use of white in art. There are various white pigments. Lead white, also known as flake white, is the traditional white pigment, but it is not much used now as it is toxic. Non-toxic alternatives are zinc white and titanium white. They are made from zinc oxide and titanium dioxide respectively. ...

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White, White - Color, White - Paint, White - White light, White - Standard whites, White - Computers, White - Usage symbolism colloquial expressions

Read more here: » White: Encyclopedia II - White - Color

Unlike incandescent light bulbs, which light up regardless of the electrical polarity, LEDs will only light with positive electrical polarity. When the voltage across the pn junction is in the correct direction, a significant current flows and the device is said to be forward-biased. If the voltage is of the wrong polarity, the device is said to be reverse biased, very little current flows, and no light is emitted. LEDs can be operated on an AC voltage, but they will only light with positive voltage, causing the LED to turn on and off at the frequency of the AC supply. The correct p ...

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Light-emitting diode, Light-emitting diode - LED technology, Light-emitting diode - Physical function, Light-emitting diode - Blue and white LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Other colors, Light-emitting diode - Organic light-emitting diodes OLEDs, Light-emitting diode - Operational parameters and efficiency, Light-emitting diode - Considerations in use, Light-emitting diode - Advantages of using LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Disadvantages of using LEDs, Light-emitting diode - LED applications, Light-emitting diode - List of known applications for LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Illumination applications, Light-emitting diode - LED display panels, Light-emitting diode - Resources

Read more here: » Light-emitting diode: Encyclopedia II - Light-emitting diode - Considerations in use

Light-emitting diode - List of known applications for LEDs. Some of these applications are further elaborated upon in the following text. LEDs are used as informative indicators in various types of embedded systems: Status indicators, e.g. on/off lights on professional instruments and consumers audio/video equipment. In toys, especially as light-up "eyes" of robot toys. Seven segment displays, in calculators and measurement instruments, although now mostly replaced by liquid ...

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Light-emitting diode, Light-emitting diode - LED technology, Light-emitting diode - Physical function, Light-emitting diode - Blue and white LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Other colors, Light-emitting diode - Organic light-emitting diodes OLEDs, Light-emitting diode - Operational parameters and efficiency, Light-emitting diode - Considerations in use, Light-emitting diode - Advantages of using LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Disadvantages of using LEDs, Light-emitting diode - LED applications, Light-emitting diode - List of known applications for LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Illumination applications, Light-emitting diode - LED display panels, Light-emitting diode - Resources

Read more here: » Light-emitting diode: Encyclopedia II - Light-emitting diode - LED applications

Light-emitting diode - Physical function. A LED is a special type of semiconductor diode. Like a normal diode, it consists of a chip of semiconducting material impregnated, or doped, with impurities to create a structure called a p-n junction. As in other diodes, current flows easily from the p-side, or anode to the n-side, or cathode, but not in the reverse direction. Charge-carriers - electrons and holes flow into the junction from electrodes with different voltages. When an electron meets a hole, it falls into a lower energy level, and ...

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Light-emitting diode, Light-emitting diode - LED technology, Light-emitting diode - Physical function, Light-emitting diode - Blue and white LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Other colors, Light-emitting diode - Organic light-emitting diodes OLEDs, Light-emitting diode - Operational parameters and efficiency, Light-emitting diode - Considerations in use, Light-emitting diode - Advantages of using LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Disadvantages of using LEDs, Light-emitting diode - LED applications, Light-emitting diode - List of known applications for LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Illumination applications, Light-emitting diode - LED display panels, Light-emitting diode - Resources

Read more here: » Light-emitting diode: Encyclopedia II - Light-emitting diode - LED technology

White (noun, white or whites; adjective, white people) is a color-defined term used as a form of ethno-racial classification. Though literally implying light-skinned, "white" has been used in different ways at different times and places. It is somewhat of a misnomer. While the extremes of human skin color range from pink to blue-black, the vast majority of people have a skin color which can be best described as some shade of brown. This include all races and ethnic groups whether they are described as "white", "brown", "black", "red" ...

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White people, White people - The Epistemological Challenge, White people - Synonyms, White people - Historic use of the term in the United States, White people - Early immigrants: Germans Irish, White people - Late nineteenth-century immigrants: Italians Slavs European Jews Asians, White people - Early twentieth-century immigrants: Arabs Berbers, White people - Late twentieth-century immigrants: Hispanics West Indians, White people - African Americans, White people - Use of the term outside the United States, White people - The Americas: Euro-predominant and mixed-race people, White people - North Africa Southwest Asia and South Asia, White people - Whiteness and White nationalism, White people - Social vs. physical perceptions of white, White people - Criticisms of the term, White people - White as opposed to Light Skinned, White people - Areas of habitation, White people - Footnotes

Read more here: » White people: Encyclopedia II - White people - The Epistemological Challenge

Pre-modern usage of white may not correspond to recent concepts; for example, the first Europeans who traveled to Northeast Asia in the 17th century applied white to the people they encountered (see suggested readings below) —the term having then no other connotations—and indeed, even today the name of the Bai people of Yunnan, China translates as "white". As European colonization of the Americas and eventually other parts of the world brought Europeans into close contact with other peoples, the term white and ...

See also:

White people, White people - The Epistemological Challenge, White people - Synonyms, White people - Historic use of the term in the United States, White people - Early immigrants: Germans Irish, White people - Late nineteenth-century immigrants: Italians Slavs European Jews Asians, White people - Early twentieth-century immigrants: Arabs Berbers, White people - Late twentieth-century immigrants: Hispanics West Indians, White people - African Americans, White people - Use of the term outside the United States, White people - The Americas: Euro-predominant and mixed-race people, White people - North Africa Southwest Asia and South Asia, White people - Whiteness and White nationalism, White people - Social vs. physical perceptions of white, White people - Criticisms of the term, White people - White as opposed to Light Skinned, White people - Areas of habitation, White people - Footnotes

Read more here: » White people: Encyclopedia II - White people - Historic use of the term in the United States

inner light: light perceived inside the head and body, of which there are varying intensities. When the karmas have been sufficiently quieted, the meditator can see and enjoy inner light independently of mental images.

-       moon-like inner light: Inner light perceived at a first level of intensity, glowing softly, much like the moon. The meditator's first experience of it is an important milestone in unfoldment.

-       clear white light: Inner light at a high level of intensity, very clear and pure. When experienced fully, it is seen to be permeating all of existence, the universal substance of all form, inner and outer, pure consciousness, Satchidananda. This experience, repeated at regular intervals, can yield "a knowing greater than you could acquire at any university or institute of higher learning."

-       See: Siva consciousness, tattva.

(See also: Inner light, Hinduism, Body Mind and Soul)

Today "White" and "black" are less often used as nouns (e.g. "Whites"), as they are often thought to be slightly impolite; instead the phrases "White person/people" and "black person/people" are used. In North America, and to a lesser extent other countries, the term Caucasian is used for "White" people (even though Caucasian properly refers to people from the Caucasus region). In the United States, Anglo is a less commonly used alternative (mostly found in the American Southwest) that includes all White people who speak Englis ...

See also:

White people, White people - The Epistemological Challenge, White people - Synonyms, White people - Historic use of the term in the United States, White people - Early immigrants: Germans Irish, White people - Late nineteenth-century immigrants: Italians Slavs European Jews Asians, White people - Early twentieth-century immigrants: Arabs Berbers, White people - Hispanics, White people - Late twentieth-century immigrants: Hispanics West Indians, White people - African Americans, White people - Use of the term outside the United States, White people - The Americas: Euro-predominant and mixed-race people, White people - North Africa Southwest Asia and South Asia, White people - Whiteness and White nationalism, White people - Social vs. physical perceptions of White, White people - Criticisms of the term, White people - White as opposed to Light Skinned, White people - Areas of habitation, White people - Footnotes

Read more here: » White people: Encyclopedia II - White people - Synonyms

1.Is the person Spanish/Hispanic/Latino? 2.What is the person's race? White Black, African American American Indian or Alaska Native 10 choices for Asian and Pacific Islander Other This census acknowledged that "the race categories include both racial and national-origin groups." See also Race (U.S. Census) White British Any other White background Mixed White and Black Caribbean White and B ...

See also:

White people, White people - The Epistemological Challenge, White people - Synonyms, White people - Historic use of the term in the United States, White people - Early immigrants: Germans Irish, White people - Late nineteenth-century immigrants: Italians Slavs European Jews Asians, White people - Early twentieth-century immigrants: Arabs Berbers, White people - Hispanics, White people - Late twentieth-century immigrants: Hispanics West Indians, White people - African Americans, White people - Use of the term outside the United States, White people - The Americas: Euro-predominant and mixed-race people, White people - North Africa Southwest Asia and South Asia, White people - Whiteness and White nationalism, White people - Social vs. physical perceptions of White, White people - Criticisms of the term, White people - White as opposed to Light Skinned, White people - Areas of habitation, White people - Footnotes

Read more here: » White people: Encyclopedia II - White people - Use of the term outside the United States

Ultimately, whether any individual considers any other individual as White (or not) often comes down to whether the person "looks White." As mentioned above (in The Epistemological Challenge), physical appearance (whether someone "looks White") is subjective. Physical appearance is often cited as the reason for categorizing entire nations as non-White. For instance, many residents of Arab countries have enough black African ancestry to "look non-White" to most Americans, especially in the Eastern Province and Tihamah of Saudi Arabia, the Gul ...

See also:

White people, White people - The Epistemological Challenge, White people - Synonyms, White people - Historic use of the term in the United States, White people - Early immigrants: Germans Irish, White people - Late nineteenth-century immigrants: Italians Slavs European Jews Asians, White people - Early twentieth-century immigrants: Arabs Berbers, White people - Hispanics, White people - Late twentieth-century immigrants: Hispanics West Indians, White people - African Americans, White people - Use of the term outside the United States, White people - The Americas: Euro-predominant and mixed-race people, White people - North Africa Southwest Asia and South Asia, White people - Whiteness and White nationalism, White people - Social vs. physical perceptions of White, White people - Criticisms of the term, White people - White as opposed to Light Skinned, White people - Areas of habitation, White people - Footnotes

Read more here: » White people: Encyclopedia II - White people - Social vs. physical perceptions of White

Phosphors are usually made from a suitable host material, to which an activator is added. The best known type is a copper-activated zinc sulfide and the silver-activated zinc sulfide (zinc sulfide silver). The host materials are typically oxides, sulfides, selenides, halides or silicates of zinc, cadmium, manganese, aluminum, silicon, or various rare earth metals. The activators prolong the emission time (afterglow). In turn, other materials (eg. nickel) can be used to quench the afterglow and shorten the decay part of ...

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Phosphor, Phosphor - Materials, Phosphor - Glow in the dark toys, Phosphor - Radoactive light sources, Phosphor - Electroluminescence, Phosphor - White LEDs, Phosphor - Cathode ray tubes, Phosphor - Fluorescent lamps, Phosphor - Detergents, Phosphor - Various

Read more here: » Phosphor: Encyclopedia II - Phosphor - Materials

Pre-modern usage of White may not correspond to recent concepts; for example, the first Europeans who traveled to Northeast Asia in the 17th century applied White to the people they encountered (see suggested readings below) —the term having then no other connotations—and indeed, even today the name of the Bai people of Yunnan, China translates as "white". As European colonization of the Americas and eventually other parts of the world brought Europeans into close contact with other peoples, the term White and ...

See also:

White people, White people - The Epistemological Challenge, White people - Synonyms, White people - Historic use of the term in the United States, White people - Early immigrants: Germans Irish, White people - Late nineteenth-century immigrants: Italians Slavs European Jews Asians, White people - Early twentieth-century immigrants: Arabs Berbers, White people - Hispanics, White people - Late twentieth-century immigrants: Hispanics West Indians, White people - African Americans, White people - Use of the term outside the United States, White people - The Americas: Euro-predominant and mixed-race people, White people - North Africa Southwest Asia and South Asia, White people - Whiteness and White nationalism, White people - Social vs. physical perceptions of White, White people - Criticisms of the term, White people - White as opposed to Light Skinned, White people - Areas of habitation, White people - Footnotes

Read more here: » White people: Encyclopedia II - White people - Historic use of the term in the United States

Ever since the era of European expansion, and especially since the 19th century, most Europeans have come to see most other Europeans as White (although certain Southern and Eastern groups are sometimes considered non-White by other Europeans). Hence, one could say that the indigenous habitat of White people is Europe. Nowadays, countries with a majority of ethnic Europeans include all the nations of Europe, as well as some of the countries colonized by them through the 15th century to 19th century, such as the United States, Canada, Argenti ...

See also:

White people, White people - The Epistemological Challenge, White people - Synonyms, White people - Historic use of the term in the United States, White people - Early immigrants: Germans Irish, White people - Late nineteenth-century immigrants: Italians Slavs European Jews Asians, White people - Early twentieth-century immigrants: Arabs Berbers, White people - Hispanics, White people - Late twentieth-century immigrants: Hispanics West Indians, White people - African Americans, White people - Use of the term outside the United States, White people - The Americas: Euro-predominant and mixed-race people, White people - North Africa Southwest Asia and South Asia, White people - Whiteness and White nationalism, White people - Social vs. physical perceptions of White, White people - Criticisms of the term, White people - White as opposed to Light Skinned, White people - Areas of habitation, White people - Footnotes

Read more here: » White people: Encyclopedia II - White people - Areas of habitation

The concept of a "White person" (or a "Black person") is scientifically useless. This does not mean that the terms are inaccurate, nor that there are no White people or Black people in the world. It means that the terms cannot be defined objectively so that they can independently be tested. Like aesthetic terms such as beauty and balance, religious terms such as sin and grace, and political terms such as liberal and conservative, they reflect something important in the minds of those who use them. Ne ...

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White people, White people - The Epistemological Challenge, White people - Synonyms, White people - Historic use of the term in the United States, White people - Early immigrants: Germans Irish, White people - Late nineteenth-century immigrants: Italians Slavs European Jews Asians, White people - Early twentieth-century immigrants: Arabs Berbers, White people - Hispanics, White people - Late twentieth-century immigrants: Hispanics West Indians, White people - African Americans, White people - Use of the term outside the United States, White people - The Americas: Euro-predominant and mixed-race people, White people - North Africa Southwest Asia and South Asia, White people - Whiteness and White nationalism, White people - Social vs. physical perceptions of White, White people - Criticisms of the term, White people - White as opposed to Light Skinned, White people - Areas of habitation, White people - Footnotes

Read more here: » White people: Encyclopedia II - White people - The Epistemological Challenge

Today "white" and "black" are less often used as nouns (e.g. "whites"), as they are often thought to be slightly impolite; instead the phrases "white person/people" and "black person/people" are used. In North America, and to a lesser extent other countries, the term Caucasian is used for "white" people (even though Caucasian properly refers to people from the Caucasus region). In the United States, Anglo is a less commonly used alternative (mostly found in the American Southwest) that includes all white people who speak Englis ...

See also:

White people, White people - The Epistemological Challenge, White people - Synonyms, White people - Historic use of the term in the United States, White people - Early immigrants: Germans Irish, White people - Late nineteenth-century immigrants: Italians Slavs European Jews Asians, White people - Early twentieth-century immigrants: Arabs Berbers, White people - Late twentieth-century immigrants: Hispanics West Indians, White people - African Americans, White people - Use of the term outside the United States, White people - The Americas: Euro-predominant and mixed-race people, White people - North Africa Southwest Asia and South Asia, White people - Whiteness and White nationalism, White people - Social vs. physical perceptions of white, White people - Criticisms of the term, White people - White as opposed to Light Skinned, White people - Areas of habitation, White people - Footnotes

Read more here: » White people: Encyclopedia II - White people - Synonyms

Ultimately, whether any individual considers any other individual as White (or not) often comes down to whether the person "looks White." As mentioned above (in The Epistemological Challenge), physical appearance (whether someone "looks White") is subjective. Physical appearance is often cited as the reason for categorizing entire nations as non-White. For instance, many residents of Arab countries have enough black African ancestry to "look non-White" to most Americans, especially in the Eastern Province and Tihamah of Saudi Arabia, the Gul ...

See also:

White people, White people - The Epistemological Challenge, White people - Synonyms, White people - Historic use of the term in the United States, White people - Early immigrants: Germans Irish, White people - Late nineteenth-century immigrants: Italians Slavs European Jews Asians, White people - Early twentieth-century immigrants: Arabs Berbers, White people - Late twentieth-century immigrants: Hispanics West Indians, White people - African Americans, White people - Use of the term outside the United States, White people - The Americas: Euro-predominant and mixed-race people, White people - North Africa Southwest Asia and South Asia, White people - Whiteness and White nationalism, White people - Social vs. physical perceptions of white, White people - Criticisms of the term, White people - White as opposed to Light Skinned, White people - Areas of habitation, White people - Footnotes

Read more here: » White people: Encyclopedia II - White people - Social vs. physical perceptions of white

1.Is the person Spanish/Hispanic/Latino? 2.What is the person's race? White Black, African American, Negro American Indian or Alaska Native 10 choices for Asian and Pacific Islander Other This census acknowledged that "the race categories include both racial and national-origin groups." See also Race (U.S. Census) White British Any other White background Mixed White and Black Caribbean Whit ...

See also:

White people, White people - The Epistemological Challenge, White people - Synonyms, White people - Historic use of the term in the United States, White people - Early immigrants: Germans Irish, White people - Late nineteenth-century immigrants: Italians Slavs European Jews Asians, White people - Early twentieth-century immigrants: Arabs Berbers, White people - Late twentieth-century immigrants: Hispanics West Indians, White people - African Americans, White people - Use of the term outside the United States, White people - The Americas: Euro-predominant and mixed-race people, White people - North Africa Southwest Asia and South Asia, White people - Whiteness and White nationalism, White people - Social vs. physical perceptions of white, White people - Criticisms of the term, White people - White as opposed to Light Skinned, White people - Areas of habitation, White people - Footnotes

Read more here: » White people: Encyclopedia II - White people - Use of the term outside the United States

Ever since the era of European expansion, and especially since the 19th century, most Europeans have come to see most other Europeans as White (although Greeks, Sicilians, Spaniards and Portuguese are sometimes considered non-White by other Europeans). Hence, one could say that the indigenous habitat of White people is Europe. Nowadays, countries with a majority of ethnic Europeans include all the nations of Europe, as well as some of the countries colonized by them through the 15th century to 19th century, such as the United States, Canada, ...

See also:

White people, White people - The Epistemological Challenge, White people - Synonyms, White people - Historic use of the term in the United States, White people - Early immigrants: Germans Irish, White people - Late nineteenth-century immigrants: Italians Slavs European Jews Asians, White people - Early twentieth-century immigrants: Arabs Berbers, White people - Late twentieth-century immigrants: Hispanics West Indians, White people - African Americans, White people - Use of the term outside the United States, White people - The Americas: Euro-predominant and mixed-race people, White people - North Africa Southwest Asia and South Asia, White people - Whiteness and White nationalism, White people - Social vs. physical perceptions of white, White people - Criticisms of the term, White people - White as opposed to Light Skinned, White people - Areas of habitation, White people - Footnotes

Read more here: » White people: Encyclopedia II - White people - Areas of habitation

The Velvet Underground - Singles. "All Tomorrow's Parties" / "I'll Be Your Mirror" (recorded and released 1966) "Sunday Morning" / "Femme Fatale" (recorded and released 1966) "White Light/White Heat" / "Here She Comes Now" (recorded 1967, released 1968) "What Goes On" / "Jesus" (promo, recorded 1968, released 1969) "Who Loves the Sun" / "Oh! Sweet Nuthin'" (recorded 1970, released 1971) "Foggy Notion" / "I Can't Stand It" (promo, recorded 1969, released 1985) "Venus in Furs" / "I'm Waiting fo ...

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The Velvet Underground, The Velvet Underground - Early career, The Velvet Underground - Enter Andy Warhol, The Velvet Underground - The Velvet Underground and Nico 1967, The Velvet Underground - White Light/White Heat 1968, The Velvet Underground - The Velvet Underground 1969, The Velvet Underground - The fourth album unreleased, The Velvet Underground - Loaded 1970, The Velvet Underground - 1970 onwards, The Velvet Underground - Reunion, The Velvet Underground - Lineups, The Velvet Underground - Discography, The Velvet Underground - Singles, The Velvet Underground - Albums, The Velvet Underground - Sources

Read more here: » The Velvet Underground: Encyclopedia II - The Velvet Underground - Discography

The Velvet Underground - Singles. "All Tomorrow's Parties" / "I'll Be Your Mirror" (recorded and released 1966) "Sunday Morning" / "Femme Fatale" (recorded and released 1966) "White Light/White Heat" / "Here She Comes Now" (recorded 1967, released 1968) "What Goes On" / "Jesus" (promo, recorded 1968, released 1969) "Who Loves the Sun" / "Oh! Sweet Nuthin'" (recorded 1970, released 1971) "Foggy Notion" / "I Can't Stand It" (promo, recorded 1969, released 1985) "Venus in Furs" / "I'm Waiting fo ...

See also:

The Velvet Underground, The Velvet Underground - Early career, The Velvet Underground - Enter Andy Warhol, The Velvet Underground - The Velvet Underground and Nico 1967, The Velvet Underground - White Light/White Heat 1968, The Velvet Underground - The Velvet Underground 1969, The Velvet Underground - The fourth album unreleased, The Velvet Underground - Loaded 1970, The Velvet Underground - 1970 onwards, The Velvet Underground - Reunion, The Velvet Underground - Lineups, The Velvet Underground - Discography, The Velvet Underground - Singles, The Velvet Underground - Original albums, The Velvet Underground - Later releases of archive material, The Velvet Underground - Sources

Read more here: » The Velvet Underground: Encyclopedia II - The Velvet Underground - Discography