Wheat - Genetics & Breeding

T. aestivum T. aethiopicum T. araraticum T. boeoticum T. carthlicum T. compactum T. dicoccon T. durum T. ispahanicum T. karamyschevii T. militinae T. monococcum T. polonicum T. spelta T. timopheevii T. trunciale T. turanicum T. turgidum T. urartu T. vavilovii T. zhukovskyi References:
Including:

• Wheat - History
• Wheat - Genetics & Breeding
• Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat
• Wheat - Naming
• Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat
• Wheat - Economics
• Wheat - Production and consumption statistics
• Wheat - Agronomy
• Wheat - Crop development
• Wheat - Wheat stages
• Wheat - Diseases
• Wheat - Pests
• Wheat - Wheat in the United States

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Wheat genetics is more complicated than domesticated animal genetics. Wheat is capable of polyploidy, or having more than two sets of chromosomes (diploid). A further complicating factor is that four out of five of the most common wheat species are the results of hybridization. Einkorn wheat is diploid (2x chromosomes). The tetraploid wheats (e.g. emmer and durum wheat) derive from wild emmer, Triticum dicoccoides. Wild emmer is the result of a hybridisation between two diploid wild grasses, T. urartu and a wild goatgras ...

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Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States

Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Genetics & Breeding

Domestic wheat originated in southwest Asia in what is now known as the Fertile Crescent. The earliest archaeological evidence for wheat cultivation comes from Syria, Jordan, Turkey, and Iraq. Around 10,000 years ago, wild einkorn and emmer wheat were domesticated as part of the origins of agriculture in the fertile crescent. Cultivation of wild forms led to selection of mutations for tough-rachised ears (which do not break up at maturity) and larger grains (see domestication). While these forms could not have succeeded in the wild, under cultivation th ...

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Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States

Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - History

In the 2004 crop year, global wheat production totalled 624 million tonnes and the top wheat producing countries were: China: 91.3 million tonnes India: 72 million tonnes United States: 58.8 million tonnes Russian Federation: 42.2 million tonnes France: 39 million tonnes Canada: 25.9 million tonnes[1] Germany: 25.3 million tonnes Australia: 22.5 million tonnes 1997 global per capita wheat consumption was 101 kg, led by Denmark at ...

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Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States

Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Production and consumption statistics

Classes used in the United States are Durum - Very hard, translucent, light colored grain used to make semolina flour for pasta. Hard Red Spring - Hard, brownish, high protein wheat used for bread and hard baked goods. Hard Red Winter - Hard, brownish, very high protein wheat used for bread, hard baked goods and as an adjunct in other flours to increase protein. Soft Red Winter - Soft, brownish, medium protein wheat used for bread. Hard White - Hard, light co ...

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Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States

Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Wheat in the United States

There are many taxonomic classification systems used for wheat species, discussed in a separate article on Wheat taxonomy. It is good to keep in mind that the name of a wheat species from one information source may not be the name of a wheat species in another. For more details on this topic, see Wheat taxonomy. Within a species, wheat cultivars are further classified by growing season, such as winter wheat vs. spring wheat, and by gluten content, such as hard wheat (high gluten content) or s ...

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Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States

Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Naming

In the 2004 crop year, global wheat production totalled 624 million tonnes and the top wheat producing countries were: China: 91.3 million tonnes India: 72 million tonnes United States: 58.8 million tonnes Russian Federation: 42.2 million tonnes France: 39 million tonnes Germany: 25.3 million tonnes Australia: 22.5 million tonnes 1997 global per capita wheat consumption was 101 kg, led by Denmark at ...

See also:

Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States

Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Production and consumption statistics

All four wild species of wheat, and in the domesticated einkorn, emmer and spelt wheats are hulled (in German, Spelzweizen). This more primitive morphology consists of toughened glumes that tightly enlose the grains, and (in domesticated wheats) a semi-brittle rachis that breals easily on threshing. The result is that when threshed, the wheat ear breaks up into spikelets. To obtain the grain, further processing, such as milling or pounding, is needed to remove the hulls or husks. In contrast, in free-threshing (or naked) forms such as ...

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Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States

Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat

There are many taxonomic classification systems used for wheat species. It is good to keep in mind that the name of a wheat species from one information source may not be the name of a wheat species in another information source. [1] Wheat forms are classified by growing season, such as winter wheat vs. spring wheat, and by gluten content, such as hard wheat (high gluten content) or soft wheat (high starch content). Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat. Common Wheat or Bread wheat ...

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Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States

Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Naming

Harvested wheat grain is classified according to grain properties (see below) for the purposes of the commodities market. Wheat buyers use the classifications to help determine which wheat to purchase as each class has special uses. Wheat producers determine which classes of wheat are the most profitable to cultivate with this system. Wheat is widely cultivated as a cash crop because it produces a good yield per unit area, grows well in a temperate climate even with a moderately short growing season, and yields a versatile, high-quali ...

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Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States

Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Economics

Domestic wheat originated in southwest Asia in what is now known as the Fertile Crescent. The earliest archaeological evidence for wheat cultivation comes from Syria, Jordan, Turkey, and Iraq. Around 10,000 years ago, wild einkorn and emmer wheat were domesticated as part of the origins of agriculture in the fertile crescent. Cultivation of wild forms led to selection of mutations for tough-rachised ears (which do not break up at maturity) and larger grains (see domestication). While these forms could not have succeeded in the wild, under cultivation they produced more food for humans. The cultivation of wheat began to spread into Europe b ...

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Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States

Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - History

Wheat - Crop development. Crop management decisions require the knowledge of stage of development of the crop. In particular, spring fertilizers applications, herbicides, fungicides, growth regulators are typically applied at specific stages of plant development. For example, current recommendations often indicate the second application of nitrogen be done when the ear (not visible at this stage) is about 1 cm in size (Z31 on Zadoks scale). Knowledge of stages is also interesting to identify periods of hig ...

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Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States

Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Agronomy