Encyclopedia - Western World: Encyclopedia - Western World
The term Western world or "the West" can have multiple meanings depending on its context. Originally defined as Western Europe, most mode...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western World: Encyclopedia Ii - Western World - Western Countries
To define what is typical of Western society and Western culture, it is necessary to understand its context. At different times and in di...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western World: Encyclopedia Ii - Western World - Western Thought
The term Western is usually associated with the cultural tradition that traces its origins to Greek thought and Christian religion. (See ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western World: Encyclopedia Ii - Western World - Western Countries
To define what is typical of Western society and Western culture, it is necessary to understand its context. At different times and in di...   » Read the article

Article - Buddhism And The Roman World
Several instances of interaction between Buddhism and the Roman world are documented by Classical and early Christian writers. Buddhism a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Front World War I: Encyclopedia - Western Front World War I
The Western Front line for most of World War I extended relatively statically from the English Channel to the Swiss frontier, most of Bel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Culture: Encyclopedia - Western Culture
Western culture refers to the culture that has developed in the Western world. It comprises the heritage of norms, values, customs and so...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Front: Encyclopedia - Western Front
Western Front was a term used during the First and Second World Wars to describe the "contested armed frontier" between lands controlled ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Comparing Eastern And Western Religious Traditions: Encyclopedia - Comparing Eastern And Western Religious Traditions
Religious studies typically divides the world into Western and Eastern religions. Comparing Eastern and Western religious traditions - We...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Mystery Tradition: Encyclopedia - Western Mystery Tradition
The term Western mystery tradition (also Western Esoteric tradition) refers to the collection of the mystical esoteric knowledge, such as...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buddhism And The Roman World: Encyclopedia - Buddhism And The Roman World
Several instances of interaction between Buddhism and the Roman world are documented by Classical and early Christian writers. Buddhism a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Classics: Encyclopedia - Classics
Classics, particularly within the Western University tradition, when used as a singular noun, means the study of the language, literature...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Great Books Of The Western World: Encyclopedia Ii - Great Books Of The Western World - The Works
Published in 54 volumes, The Great Books of the Western World covers topics including fiction, history, poetry, natural science, mathemat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Great Books Of The Western World: Encyclopedia Ii - Great Books Of The Western World - Second Edition
In 1990 a second edition of the Great Books of the Western World was published, this time with updated translations and six more volumes ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Great Books Of The Western World: Encyclopedia Ii - Great Books Of The Western World - History
The project got its start at the University of Chicago. University president Robert Hutchins collaborated with Mortimer Adler to develop ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Front: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Front - World War I
After the first few months of World War I (WWI) which started in August 1914, until the last few months during the summer of 1918, the We...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Front World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Front World War I - Consequences
The war along the western front led to the surrender of the German goverment and its allies, in spite of German success elsewhere. As a r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Front World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Front World War I - 1918 - Final Offensives
Following the successful Allied attack and penetration of the German defenses at Cambrai, Ludendorff determined that the only opportunity...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Front World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Front World War I - 1915 - Stalemate
Between the coast and the Vosges was an outward-bulge in the trench line, named the Noyon salient for the captured French town at maximum...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Front World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Front World War I - 1916 - Artillery Duels And Attrition
The German Chief of Staff, Erich von Falkenhayn, believed that although a breakthrough might no longer be possible, the French could be d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Front World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Front World War I - 1917 - Commonwealth Takes The Lead
The staged withdrawal to the Hindenberg Line was named Operation Alberich by the Germans.[9] It was begun on February 9 and completed Apr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Front World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Front World War I - 1914 - German Invasion Of France And Belgium
At the outbreak of the First World War, the German army executed a modified version of the Schlieffen Plan, quickly attacking France thro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Front World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Front World War Ii - 1939 – 1941
Fighting on the Western Front was preceded by the Phony War. Fighting began with Operation Weserübung, the German invasion of Denmark an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eastern World: Encyclopedia Ii - Eastern World - Problems Of The Concept
Currently terms such as Western, Near East (or Middle East) and Far East are commonly used to distinguish different cultural spheres, bas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Front World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Front World War Ii - 1942 – 1943
Because of the massive logistical obstacles a cross-channel invasion would face, Allied high command decided to conduct a practice attack...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buddhism And The Roman World: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism And The Roman World - Western Knowledge Of Buddhism
Some knowledge of Buddhism existed quite early in the West. In the 2nd century CE, Clement of Alexandria, the father of Christian dogmati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eastern World: Encyclopedia Ii - Eastern World - Problems Of The Concept
Currently terms such as Western, Near East (or Middle-East) and Far East are commonly used to distinguish different cultural spheres, bas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Music: Encyclopedia Ii - World Music - Cultural Appropriation In Western Music
World music as a cultural-economic phenomenon is inextricably linked with the invention of sound recording and the development of the int...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Communist Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - World Communist Movement - Western Europe
During the Cold War years, CPs existed in all European countries, except for the ministates Andorra, Liechtenstein and the Vatican. In Ic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Culture: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Culture - Description
The concept of Western culture is generally linked to the classical definition of Western world. In this definition, Western culture is t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Middle East Theatre Of World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - Middle East Theatre Of World War Ii - Western Desert Campaign
After the fall of France and before United States land forces entered the war in Operation Torch, the north African campaign in the Sarah...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Early Stages: From Romanticism To The Western Front Trenches
World War I - Hopes and fears. In 1914, the perception of war was romanticized by many people, and its declaration was met with great e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Early Stages: From Romanticism To The Western Front Trenches
World War I - Hopes and fears. In 1914, the perception of war was romanticized by many people, and its declaration was met with great e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Early Stages: From Romanticism To The Western Front Trenches
World War I - Hopes and fears. In 1914, the perception of war was romanticized by many people, and its declaration was met with great e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Civic Virtue: Encyclopedia Ii - Civic Virtue - The Idea Of Civic Virtue In The Western World
The inculcation of civic virtue has historically been a matter of chief concern for political philosophers under republican forms of gove...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Belly Dance: Encyclopedia Ii - Belly Dance - Belly Dancing In The Western World
The term "belly dancing" (believed by some to be a mis-transliteration of the term for the dance style Beledi or Baladi) is generally cre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Science In The Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Science In The Middle Ages - The Middle Ages: Western World
History of science in the Middle Ages - Early Middle Ages. See also: Medieval medicine, Medieval philosophy With the loss of the Wester...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Culture: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Culture - Hegemony
It can be said that elements of Western culture have had a very influential role on other cultures worldwide. People of many cultures, bo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of The United Kingdom During World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of The United Kingdom During World War Ii - Western And Northern Europe 1940 And 1941
Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II - Norwegian Campaign. Main article: Norwegian Campaign Norway was vital fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Betrayal: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Betrayal - Essays And Articles
Western betrayal - Dictionaries. Betrayal - Wiktionary Betrayal - Cambridge Dictionary Betrayal - Dictionary.com ... See also:Weste...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Betrayal: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Betrayal - Poland
Western betrayal - First World War aftermath. After the First World War, Poland regained independence after 123 years of partitions. Wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Betrayal: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Betrayal - Czechoslovakia
See also: History of Czechoslovakia#Before WWII (1938 – 1939) and later sections Unlike many of its neighbours, Czechoslovakia formed a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Betrayal: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Betrayal - Finland
Contrary to many countries reborn after the World War I, Finland remained neutral and did not enter direct military alliances. The League...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Betrayal: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Betrayal - Spain
A similar feeling occurred among the supporters of the Second Spanish Republic. During the Spanish Civil War, the democratic countries ha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Betrayal: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Betrayal - Yugoslavia
At the Tehran Conference in November 1943, a decision was made by the Allies to cease their support of the Royalist Chetniks, and switch ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Betrayal: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Betrayal - Diplomacy & Eastern Europe Between The Wars
Starting in 1919, it was the policy of France to construct a cordon sanitaire (security cordon) in Eastern Europe that was designed to ke...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Mystery Tradition: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Mystery Tradition - History
The Western mystery tradition traditionally started in Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Rome and Israel, while it contains many characteris...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Orient: Encyclopedia Ii - The Orient - Derivation
The term is derived from the Latin word oriens, referring to where the sun rises in the east. The opposite term "Occident" - derived from...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Mystery Tradition: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Mystery Tradition - People
Modern people who are related to the Western mystery tradition include: Aleister Crowley, occultist Dion Fortune, magician Harvey Spence...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Federation Of Miners: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Federation Of Miners - Founding The Iww
The WFM's defeat led the union to look for allies in the battle, which it was not prepared to concede, with employers in the Rockies. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western Mystery Tradition: Encyclopedia Ii - Western Mystery Tradition - Philosophy
Today, the Western mystery tradition is a mixture of ancient philosophy, paganistic and Christian thought, medieval ideas, and also conta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shark Bay Western Australia: Encyclopedia Ii - Shark Bay Western Australia - Shire Of Shark Bay
The Shire of Shark Bay is a Local Government Area of Western Australia. It has an area of 25,423km2 and a population of about 950. It is ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norfolk And Western Railway: Encyclopedia Ii - Norfolk And Western Railway - Becoming Part Of Norfolk Southern - Joining With A Strong Partner
In the early 1980s, the profitable Norfolk & Western combined forces with Southern Railway, another profitable company, to form today...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norfolk And Western Railway: Encyclopedia Ii - Norfolk And Western Railway - City Point Bridging The Dismal Swamp William Mahone Civil War
The history of the Norfolk and Western Railway began with the City Point Railroad, a nine-mile line from City Point (now part of the inde...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norfolk And Western Railway: Encyclopedia Ii - Norfolk And Western Railway - Frederick J. Kimball Big Lick Becomes Roanoke Reaching Ohio
Frederick J. Kimball was a civil engineer and partner in the Clark firm. He was named to head the new N&W and consolidated it with th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norfolk And Western Railway: Encyclopedia Ii - Norfolk And Western Railway - Coal
In 1885, several small mining companies representing about 400,000 acres (1,600 km²) of bituminous coal reserves grouped together t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norfolk And Western Railway: Encyclopedia Ii - Norfolk And Western Railway - Roanoke Shops: Building Precision Steam Locomotives In-house
The company was famous for manufacturing steam locomotives in-house. It was at the Norfolk & Western's Roanoke Shops, which employed ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norfolk And Western Railway: Encyclopedia Ii - Norfolk And Western Railway - The Modern Railroad Merger Era 1960-1982
When the Virginian Railway was finally merged into Norfolk & Western in 1959, it is widely believed that the Interstate Commerce Comm...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norfolk And Western Railway: Encyclopedia Ii - Norfolk And Western Railway - Atlantic Mississippi & Ohio Railroad Meets Shenandoah Valley Railroad
After the war, William Mahone was the driving force in the linkage of N&P, South Side Railroad and the Virginia and Tennessee Railroa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norfolk And Western Railway: Encyclopedia Ii - Norfolk And Western Railway - The Virginian Railway - An Engineering Marvel Of Its Day
The Virginian Railway (VGN) was conceived and built by William Nelson Page and Henry Huttleston Rogers. Page had helped engineer and buil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Norfolk And Western Railway: Encyclopedia Ii - Norfolk And Western Railway - Autoracks: Competing With Trucking
In the 1950s, Canadian National Railway (CN) introduced a group of autoracks which represented a new innovation. The CN bi-level auto-rac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Music: Encyclopedia Ii - World Music - 1965-1967: From Norwegian Wood To Monterey Pop
Pop musicians first began to move outside the Western tradition in the mid-Sixties, when they started mixing Western electric pop with in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buddhism And The Roman World: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism And The Roman World - Buddhism And Gnosticism
Early 3rd century–4th century Christian writers such as Hippolytus and Epiphanius write about a Scythianus, who visited India around 50...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buddhism And The Roman World: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism And The Roman World - Pandion Embassy
Roman historical accounts describe an embassy sent by the "Indian king Pandion (Pandya?), also named Porus," to Caesar Augustus around 13...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Music: Encyclopedia Ii - World Music - Terminology
In essence, the term "world music" refers to any form of music that is not part of modern mainstream Western commercial popular music or ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Music: Encyclopedia Ii - World Music - The Early Sixties: Folk Meets Pop
After World War II a small but growing market developed for Western folk music and recordings of non-Western music, and this was supplied...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Principality: Encyclopedia Ii - Principality - Other Principalities
Principality - Non-western and colonial world. Principalities have existed in ancient and modern civilizations of Africa, Asia (the Ind...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Music: Encyclopedia Ii - World Music - The 1900s
Beginning around the turn of the 20th century, the invention of sound recording and motion pictures enabled American mass-entertainment c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Communist Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - World Communist Movement - Oceania
The Communist Party of Australia took a eurocommunist position, which led to the formation of an orthodox break-away party, the Socialist...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Music: Encyclopedia Ii - World Music - After 1987: Womad And Beyond
The origins of the term World Music in relation to the selling of this type of music began in 1982 when World Music Day (Fête de la Musi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Introduction
World War I was fought by the Allied Powers on one side, and the Central Powers on the other, resulting in eventual victory for the Allie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Music: Encyclopedia Ii - World Music - 1968-1986: Joujouka To Graceland
In 1968 Rolling Stones guitarist Brian Jones recorded the Master Musicians of Joujouka in the village of Joujouka in northern Morocco. Jo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - The Eastern Front
World War I - Initial Actions. Main article: Eastern Front (World War I) While the Western Front had reached stalemate in the trenche...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - The Eastern Front
World War I - Initial Actions. Main article: Eastern Front (World War I) While the Western Front had reached stalemate in the trenche...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Introduction
World War I is infamous for the protracted stalemate of trench warfare along the Western Front, embodied within a system of opposing mann...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Communist Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - World Communist Movement - Central And Eastern Europe
In all Central and Eastern European states, the governing CPs lost their position as leading parties in the post-1989 process, even thoug...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Communist Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - World Communist Movement - Middle East
Communist parties exist or have existed in practically all countries in the region, except Libya and some small Gulf countries. In countr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Communist Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - World Communist Movement - Africa
In sub-Saharan Africa there were only a handful of original Communist Parties, a prominent example being the Communist Party of South Afr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Communist Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - World Communist Movement - East & South-east Asia
Communist parties have been established throughout the Far East region, and played an important role in most countries. In 1918, the revo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Communist Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - World Communist Movement - South Asia
The Indian communist movement was born at a meeting in Tashkent in 1920. However, the Communist Party of India today considers December 2...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Communist Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - World Communist Movement - Latin America
The oldest CP in the region is Partido Comunista de Chile, which was founded as Partido Obrero Socialista in 1912. The first group to be ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Communist Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - World Communist Movement - North America
The Communist Party USA suffered a split in 1992: moderates established the Committees of Correspondence as a non-Leninist democratic soc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Aftermath
The First World War ended with a Europe scarred by trenches, spent resources, and littered with the bodies of the millions who died in ba...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Aftermath
The First World War ended with a Europe scarred by trenches, spent resources, and littered with the bodies of the millions who died in ba...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Southern Theatres
World War I - Ottoman Empire. Main article: Middle Eastern theatre of World War I The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers in Oct...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Social Effects
One of the most distinguishing impacts of the war was that the reality of totality set in. Many consider World War I to have been the fir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Technology
The First World War was a clash of 20th century technology with 19th century tactics. This time, millions of soldiers, both volunteers an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Social Effects
One of the most distinguishing impacts of the war was that the reality of totality set in. Many consider World War I to have been the fir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Technology
The First World War was a clash of 20th century technology with 19th century tactics. This time, millions of soldiers, both volunteers an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Southern Theatres
World War I - Ottoman Empire. Main article: Middle Eastern theatre of World War I The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers in Oct...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Social Effects
One of the most distinguishing impacts of the war was that the reality of totality set in. Many consider World War I to have been the fir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Aftermath
The First World War ended with a Europe scarred by trenches, spent resources, and littered with the bodies of the millions who died in ba...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Causes
On June 28, 1914, Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated in Sarajevo by Gavrilo P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Opening Hostilities
Some of the first hostilities of the war occurred in Africa and in the Pacific Ocean, in the colonies and territories of the European pow...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - The Last Half Of The War
Events of 1917 would prove decisive in ending the war, although their effects would not fully be felt until 1918. The Entente's naval blo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - End Of The War
The end of the fighting came swiftly. Bulgaria was the first of the Central Powers to sign an armistice (29 September 1918). Germany requ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Economics Of War
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased for the main Allies (the UK, Italy, and U.S.), but decreased in France and Russia, in neutral Neth...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Quotations
"Yesterday I visited the battlefield of last year. The place was scarcely recognisable. Instead of a wilderness of ground torn up by shel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War I: Encyclopedia Ii - World War I - Economics Of War
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased for the main Allies (the UK, Italy, and U.S.), but decreased in France and Russia, in neutral Neth...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Western World: Encyclopedia Ii - Western World - Western Thought
The term Western is usually associated with the cultural tradition that traces its origins to Greek thought and Christian religion. (See ...   » Read the article