Encyclopedia - West Germanic Languages: Encyclopedia - West Germanic Languages
West Germanic is the largest branch of the Germanic family of languages, including such languages as German, English and Dutch. The other...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - West Germanic Languages: Encyclopedia Ii - West Germanic Languages - History
From the time of their earliest attestation, the Germanic dialects are divided into three groups, West, East and North Germanic. Their ex...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vive Viva: Encyclopedia - Vive Viva
Vive, Viva and Vivat are interjections used in the Romance languages. Vive, in French, and Viva, in Spanish, Portuguese and Italian, Viva...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cheese: Encyclopedia - Cheese
Techniques - Utensils Weights and measures Spices and Herbs Sauces - Soups - Desserts Cheese - Pasta - Bread Other ingredients Africa - A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bard: Encyclopedia - Bard
A bard is a poet or singer, in religious or feudal contexts. Bard - Etymology. The word is a loanword from Proto-Celtic *bardos, ultimat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bard: Encyclopedia Ii - Bard - Etymology
The word is a loanword from Proto-Celtic *bardos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gwerh2: "to raise the voice; praise". The word ent...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cheese: Encyclopedia Ii - Cheese - History
Cheese is an ancient food whose origins may predate recorded history. Probably discovered in Central Asia or the Middle East, cheesemakin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - North Germanic Languages: Encyclopedia Ii - North Germanic Languages - Classification
There are two main branches, West Scandinavian and East Scandinavian. The eastern branch is heavily influenced by especially Middle Low G...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pre-roman Iron Age: Encyclopedia Ii - Pre-roman Iron Age - Jastorf Culture
The Jastorf culture is an Iron Age material culture in northern Europe, dated from about 600 BC to 1. It is named after a site near the v...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Regional Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Regional Language - Relationship With Official Languages
In some cases, a regional language may be closely related to the state's main language or official language. For example: Walloon, a reg...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cheese: Encyclopedia Ii - Cheese - History
Cheese is an ancient food whose origins may predate recorded history. Probably discovered in Central Asia or the Middle East, cheesemakin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - West Germanic Strong Verb: Encyclopedia Ii - West Germanic Strong Verb - Class 3
Class 3, Sweet's "bind conjugation", represents all verbs in which the IE Ablaut-vowel was followed by a nasal (n) or a liquid (r/l) and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Regional Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Regional Language - Relationship With Official Languages
In some cases, a regional language may be closely related to the state's main language or official language. For example: Walloon, a reg...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High German Consonant Shift: Encyclopedia Ii - High German Consonant Shift - The Four Phases In Detail
High German consonant shift - Phase 1. The first phase, which may have begun in the fourth century and affected the whole of the High G...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goths: Encyclopedia Ii - Goths - Origins
Explaining the origins of the Goths, Jordanes recounted: The same mighty sea has also in its arctic region, that is in the north, a grea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goths: Encyclopedia Ii - Goths - Origins
Explaining the origins of the Goths, Jordanes recounted: The same mighty sea has also in its arctic region, that is in the north, a grea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - East Low German: Encyclopedia Ii - East Low German - Related Languages
East Low German belongs to the dialect continuum of the continental West Germanic languages. In the West it fades into West Low German. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - German Language: Encyclopedia Ii - German Language - Geographic Distribution
German is spoken primarily in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, in two-thirds of Switzerland, in two-thirds of the South Tyrol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cheese: Encyclopedia Ii - Cheese - Cheese In Language
Throughout the history of the English language, the word cheese has been chese (in Middle English) and cīese or cēse (in Old English). ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High German Consonant Shift: Encyclopedia Ii - High German Consonant Shift - Sample Texts
As an example of the effects of the shift one may compare the following texts from the later Middle Ages, on the left a Middle Low German...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High German Consonant Shift: Encyclopedia Ii - High German Consonant Shift - East Germanic Hypotheses
Some of the consonant shifts resulting from the second and third phases appear also to be observable in Lombardic, the early mediaeval Ge...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cheese: Encyclopedia Ii - Cheese - Making Cheese
Cheese - Curdling. The only strictly required step in making any sort of cheese is separating the milk into solid curds and liquid whey...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High German Consonant Shift: Encyclopedia Ii - High German Consonant Shift - Chronology
Since, apart from þ→d, the High German consonant shift took place before the beginning of writing of Old High German in the 9th centur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High German Consonant Shift: Encyclopedia Ii - High German Consonant Shift - Overview Table
The effects of the shift are most obvious for the non-specialist when we compare Modern German lexemes containing shifted consonants with...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - West Germanic Strong Verb: Encyclopedia Ii - West Germanic Strong Verb - Conjugation
As an example of the conjugation of a strong verb, we may take the Old English class 2 verb bēodan, "to command" (cf. English "bid"). Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High German Consonant Shift: Encyclopedia Ii - High German Consonant Shift - Geographical Distribution
Roughly, one may say that the changes resulting from phase 1 affected Upper and Central German, those from phase 2 and 3 only Upper Germa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - West Germanic Strong Verb: Encyclopedia Ii - West Germanic Strong Verb - Verb Classes
Six different ablaut sequences (German: Ablautreihe) exist in the Germanic languages. We refer to these as the six classes of the strong ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - West Germanic Strong Verb: Encyclopedia Ii - West Germanic Strong Verb - Class 5
Class 5, Sweet's "give conjugation", represents all verbs in which the IE Ablaut-vowel was followed by a single consonant other than a na...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - West Germanic Strong Verb: Encyclopedia Ii - West Germanic Strong Verb - Class 6
Class 6, Sweet's "shake conjugation", represents all verbs in which the IE Ablaut-vowel was adjacent to a laryngeal h2 and thus in later ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - West Germanic Strong Verb: Encyclopedia Ii - West Germanic Strong Verb - Class 7
Class 7, Sweet's "fall conjugation", is not based on an Indo-European ablaut sequence as such. Rather, it represents all verbs of classes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - West Germanic Strong Verb: Encyclopedia Ii - West Germanic Strong Verb - Class 4
Class 4, Sweet's "Bear conjugation", represents all verbs in which the ablaut vowel was followed by a single nasal or liquid. The zero-gr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cheese: Encyclopedia Ii - Cheese - Health And Nutrition
In general, cheese supplies a great deal of calcium, protein, and phosphorus. A 30 gram (one ounce) serving of cheddar cheese c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - West Germanic Strong Verb: Encyclopedia Ii - West Germanic Strong Verb - General Developments
Before looking at the seven classes individually it is helpful to consider first the general developments which affected all of them. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - West Germanic Strong Verb: Encyclopedia Ii - West Germanic Strong Verb - Class 1
Class 1, Sweet's "drive conjugation", represents all verbs in which the IE Ablaut-vowel was followed by an i. This combination is effecti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - West Germanic Strong Verb: Encyclopedia Ii - West Germanic Strong Verb - Class 2
Class 2, Sweet's "choose conjugation", represents all verbs in which the IE Ablaut-vowel was followed by a u. In PIE it is therefore very...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High German Consonant Shift: Encyclopedia Ii - High German Consonant Shift - General Description
The High German consonant shift altered a number of consonants in the Southern German dialects, and thus also in modern Standard German, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goths: Encyclopedia Ii - Goths - Symbolic Meaning
In Medieval and Modern Spain, the Visigoths were thought to be the origin of the Spanish nobility (compare Gobineau for a similar French ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - German Language: Encyclopedia Ii - German Language - Grammar
Main article: German grammar German is an inflected language. German language - Noun inflection. German nouns inflect into: one of fou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cheese: Encyclopedia Ii - Cheese - Cultural Attitudes
Cheese is rarely found in East Asian dishes, as dairy products in general are rare. However, East Asian sentiment against cheese is not u...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - German Language: Encyclopedia Ii - German Language - Standard German
In German linguistics, only the traditional regional varieties are called dialects, not the different varieties of standard German. Stand...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - German Language: Encyclopedia Ii - German Language - Writing System
German is written using the Latin alphabet. In addition to the 26 standard letters, German has three vowels with Umlaut, namely ä, ö an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goths: Encyclopedia Ii - Goths - Symbolic Meaning
In Medieval and Modern Spain, the Visigoths were thought to be the origin of the Spanish nobility (compare Gobineau for a similar French ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goths: Encyclopedia Ii - Goths - History
Our only source for early Gothic history is Jordanes' Getica, (published 551), a condensation of the lost twelve-volume history of the Go...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - German Language: Encyclopedia Ii - German Language - Cognates With English
There are many German words that are cognate to English words. Most of them are easily identifiable and have almost the same meaning. Whe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bard: Encyclopedia Ii - Bard - Uses
In modern Wales the Gorsedd of Bards is a society whose honorary membership is those who have done great things for Wales. In the 20th ce...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - German Language: Encyclopedia Ii - German Language - Dialects
The term "German" is used for the dialects of Germany, Austria, German-speaking Switzerland (that is, outside the French-, Italian-, and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - German Language: Encyclopedia Ii - German Language - Classification And Related Languages
German is a member of the western branch of the Germanic family of languages, which in turn is part of the Indo-European language family....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - German Language: Encyclopedia Ii - German Language - History
The history of the German language begins with the High German consonant shift during the Migration period, separating South Germanic dia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goths: Encyclopedia Ii - Goths - History
From Scandinavia, the Goths migrated and set up a kingdom in Scythia ( modern-day Ukraine and Belarus). In the third century, the tribe s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - East Low German: Encyclopedia Ii - East Low German - Dialects
East Low German dialects are: In Germany: Brandenburgisch (in Brandenburg) Mecklenburgisch-Pommersch (eastern parts) In Poland: Low ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cheese: Encyclopedia Ii - Cheese - Types Of Cheese
No one categorization scheme can capture all the diversity of the world's cheeses. These are some commonly used classifications. Cheese ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - German Language: Encyclopedia Ii - German Language - Classification And Related Languages
German is a member of the western branch of the Germanic family of languages, which in turn is part of the Indo-European language family....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - German Language: Encyclopedia Ii - German Language - History
As a consequence of the colonisation patterns the Völkerwanderung, the routes for trade and communication (chiefly the rivers), and of p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - German Language: Encyclopedia Ii - German Language - Names Of The German Language In Other Languages
Because of the turbulent history of both Germany and the German language, the names that other peoples have chosen to use to refer to it ...   » Read the article