Shanxi (Chinese: 山西; Hanyu Pinyin: Shānxī; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Shansi) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China. Its one-character abbreviation is Jin (晋 pinyin jìn), after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period. Shanxi has an area of 150,000 km² and a population of 32.97 million. Shanxi's name literally means "mountains' west", which refers to ...

Including:

• Shanxi - History
• Shanxi - Geography
• Shanxi - Administrative divisions
• Shanxi - Economy
• Shanxi - Demographics
• Shanxi - Culture
• Shanxi - Tourism
• Shanxi - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Shanxi: Encyclopedia - Shanxi

254 - Events. Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I Wei Gao Gui Xiang Gong succeeds Cao Fang as king of the Chinese Kingdom of Wei 254 - Births. 254 - Deaths. Cao Fang, Chinese king of Wei, assassinated Category: 254 ...

Including:

• 254 - Events
• 254 - Births
• 254 - Deaths

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Yuezhi (Chinese:月氏, also 月支, Wade-Giles: Yüeh-Chih) or Da Yuezhi (Chinese:大月氏, also 大月支, "Great Yuezhi") is the Chinese name for an ancient Central Asian people. They are believed to have been the same as or closely related to the people named Tocharians (τόχαροι) by ancient Greeks. They were originally settled in the Tarim Basin area, in what is today Gansu and Xinjiang, in China, before they migrated to Transoxiana, Bactria and then northern India, where they formed the Kushan Empire. Including:

• Yuezhi - Origins
• Yuezhi - The Yuezhi exodus
• Yuezhi - Settlement in Transoxiana
• Yuezhi - Invasion of Bactria
• Yuezhi - Expansion into the Hindu-Kush
• Yuezhi - Founders of the Kushan empire
• Yuezhi - Yuezhi monarchs

Read more here: » Yuezhi: Encyclopedia - Yuezhi

It should be noted from this list several phenomena. Xiang, based on the fact that several generals from the rebel coalition states supported him in the campaign against Qin, supplanted their princes and put those generals in the original seats of the princes who sent them. He also left several important figures who did not support him without principalities, despite their contributions to the effort against Qin. Soon after this division, further, he would have Emperor Yi murdered and Han Cheng executed (seizing Han territories and merging t ...

See also:

Xiang Yu, Xiang Yu - Early career, Xiang Yu - The Battle of Julu and Xiang's rise to military supremacy, Xiang Yu - Entry into Qin proper and Xiang's jealousy of Liu Bang, Xiang Yu - Xiang's deposition of Prince Xin of Chu and division of the empire, Xiang Yu - Xiang's downfall, Xiang Yu - Impact on Chinese history

Read more here: » Xiang Yu: Encyclopedia II - Xiang Yu - Xiang's downfall

Traditional Chinese law can be divided into the "official" law and "unofficial law". The "official law" emanates from the authority of the emperor. The doctrine of separation of powers was unknown in China until the 20th century. In particular, judicial and administrative functions were performed by magistrates rather than by separate persons. The emperor delegated many of his administrative and judicial powers to his off ...

See also:

Traditional Chinese law, Traditional Chinese law - History, Traditional Chinese law - Early development, Traditional Chinese law - Legalism and Qin, Traditional Chinese law - Imperial law, Traditional Chinese law - Varieties of law, Traditional Chinese law - Penal law, Traditional Chinese law - Administrative law, Traditional Chinese law - Civil law, Traditional Chinese law - Procedure, Traditional Chinese law - Moral values and the law, Traditional Chinese law - Law-making and legal reasoning, Traditional Chinese law - General characteristics

Read more here: » Traditional Chinese law: Encyclopedia II - Traditional Chinese law - Varieties of law

It must be understood that one of the greatest achievements of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the extreme complexity of its stories and characters. The novel is strung with numerous "mini-stories", many of which could be developed into full-length feature films in their own right (the battle of Chi Bi and the treatment of Guan Yu by Hua Tuo being some). As such, the following effort only serves as a crude summary of the entire story from a bird's eye view without zo ...

See also:

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Romance of the Three Kingdoms - Overview, Romance of the Three Kingdoms - Story, Romance of the Three Kingdoms - Literary Criticism, Romance of the Three Kingdoms - Buddhist aspects, Romance of the Three Kingdoms - Popular saying, Romance of the Three Kingdoms - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Romance of the Three Kingdoms: Encyclopedia II - Romance of the Three Kingdoms - Story

All Chinese posthumous names for rulers end in one or two of the characters for "emperor", huangdi (皇帝), which can be shortened to di; except about a dozen or so less recognized ones who have had only di and no huang. Starting with Emperor Xiaowen of Han China (more commonly "Emperor Wen"), every single Han emperor, except the final one of the Eastern Han, has the character of "filial" (孝 xiào) at the beginning of his posthumous names. "Filial" is also used in the full posthumous names of virtually a ...

See also:

Posthumous name, Posthumous name - History, Posthumous name - Chinese emperors, Posthumous name - Japanese emperors, Posthumous name - Korean emperors and kings, Posthumous name - Non-royal posthumous names, Posthumous name - Miscellaneous, Posthumous name - External link

Read more here: » Posthumous name: Encyclopedia II - Posthumous name - Chinese emperors

The first known reference to the Yuezhi was made in 645 BCE by the Chinese economist Guan Zhong. He described the Yuezhi, or Niuzhi, as a people from the Tarim Basin who supplied jade to the Chinese. The supply of jade from the Tarim Basin from ancient times is indeed well documented archeologically: "It is well known that ancient Chinese rulers had a strong attachment to jade. All of the jade items excavated from the tomb of Fuhao of the Shang dynasty, more than 750 pieces, were from Khotan in modern Xinjiang. As early as the mid-first millennium BCE the Yuezhi engaged in the jade trade, of which the major consumers were the rulers of agricultural ...

See also:

Yuezhi, Yuezhi - Origins, Yuezhi - The Yuezhi exodus, Yuezhi - Settlement in Transoxiana, Yuezhi - Invasion of Bactria, Yuezhi - Expansion into the Hindu-Kush, Yuezhi - Founders of the Kushan empire, Yuezhi - Yuezhi monarchs

Read more here: » Yuezhi: Encyclopedia II - Yuezhi - Origins

In the first month of 220, Cao Cao died and in the tenth month his son Cao Pi deposed the Emperor Xian and ended the Han Dynasty. He named his state Wei and made himself emperor at Luoyang. In 221, Liu Bei named himself Emperor of Han, in a bid to restore the fallen Han dynasty. (His state is known to history as "Shu" or "Shu-Han".) In the same year, Wei bestowed on Sun Quan the title of King of Wu. A year later, Shu-Han troops declared war on Wu and met the Wu armies at the Battle of Yiling. At Xiaoting, Liu Bei was disastrously defeated by ...

See also:

Three Kingdoms, Three Kingdoms - Collapse of dynastic power, Three Kingdoms - The rise of Cao Cao, Three Kingdoms - Red Cliffs and its aftermath, Three Kingdoms - Three emperors, Three Kingdoms - Population, Three Kingdoms - Trade and transport, Three Kingdoms - Consolidation, Three Kingdoms - Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions, Three Kingdoms - Wu and development of the south, Three Kingdoms - Decline and end of the Three Kingdoms, Three Kingdoms - Fall of Shu, Three Kingdoms - Fall of Wei, Three Kingdoms - Fall of Wu, Three Kingdoms - Major battles, Three Kingdoms - Biographies, Three Kingdoms - Modern-day adaptations

Read more here: » Three Kingdoms: Encyclopedia II - Three Kingdoms - Three emperors

Shanxi was the location of the powerful state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period (722 BC - 403 BC), which underwent a three-way split into the states of Han, Zhao and Wei in 403 BC, the traditional date taken as the start of the Warring States Period (403 BC - 221 BC). By 221 BC all of these states had fallen to the state of Qin, which established the Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC). The Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD) ruled Shanxi as the province (zhou) of Bingzhou (并州 Bìng Zhōu). During the barbarian invasions of th ...

See also:

Shanxi, Shanxi - History, Shanxi - Geography, Shanxi - Administrative divisions, Shanxi - Economy, Shanxi - Demographics, Shanxi - Culture, Shanxi - Tourism, Shanxi - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Shanxi: Encyclopedia II - Shanxi - History

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Jin (晉) was arguably the most powerful state in China. However, near the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the power of the ruling family weakened, and Jin gradually come under the control of six large families (六卿). By the beginning of the Warring States Period, after numerous power struggles, there were four families left: the Zhi (智) family, the Wei (魏) family, the Zhao (趙) family, and the Han (韓) family, with the Zhi family being the dominant power in Jin. Zhi Yao (智瑶), t ...

See also:

Warring States Period, Warring States Period - Partition of Jin, Warring States Period - Change of Government in Qi, Warring States Period - Early strife in the Three Jins Qi and Qin, Warring States Period - Shang Yang's reforms in Qin, Warring States Period - Ascension of the Kingdoms, Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats, Warring States Period - The Domination of Qin and the resulting Grand Strategies, Warring States Period - Zhao's military reforms, Warring States Period - Qin's conquest of China, Warring States Period - Films set in the Warring States Period

Read more here: » Warring States Period: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Partition of Jin

The first Wu Kingdom was united by Taibo during the Spring and Autumn Period. Originally considered a part of the Eastern Barbarians, the people of the Wu Kingdom became Sinicized during the Warring States Period. Ambassadoral visits to Japan by the later Northern Chinese dynasties Wei and Jin (Encounters of the Eastern Barbarians, Wei Chronicles) recorded that the Japanese people claimed to be descendents of Taibo of Wu, refugees after the fall of Wu. (History books do have records of Wu Taibo sending 4000 males and 4000 females to J ...

See also:

Wu state, Wu state - Connection with Japan?

Read more here: » Wu state: Encyclopedia II - Wu state - Connection with Japan?

Shanxi was the location of the powerful state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period (722 BC - 403 BC), which underwent a three-way split into the states of Han, Zhao and Wei in 403 BC, the traditional date taken as the start of the Warring States Period (403 BC - 221 BC). By 221 BC all of these states had fallen to the state of Qin, which established the Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC). The Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD) ruled Shanxi as the province (zhou) of Bingzhou (幷州 Bīng Zhōu). During the invasions of northern nom ...

See also:

Shanxi, Shanxi - History, Shanxi - Geography, Shanxi - Administrative divisions, Shanxi - Economy, Shanxi - Demographics, Shanxi - Culture, Shanxi - Tourism, Shanxi - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Shanxi: Encyclopedia II - Shanxi - History

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Jin (晉) was arguably the most powerful state in China. However, near the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the power of the ruling family weakened, and Jin gradually came under the control of six large families (六卿). By the beginning of the Warring States Period, after numerous power struggles, there were four families left: the Zhi (智) family, the Wei (魏) family, the Zhao (趙) family, and the Han (韓) family, with the Zhi family being the dominant power in Jin. Zhi Yao (智瑶), t ...

See also:

Warring States Period, Warring States Period - Partition of Jin, Warring States Period - Change of Government in Qi, Warring States Period - Early strife in the Three Jins Qi and Qin, Warring States Period - Shang Yang's reforms in Qin, Warring States Period - Ascension of the Kingdoms, Warring States Period - Chu expansion and defeats, Warring States Period - The Domination of Qin and the resulting Grand Strategies, Warring States Period - Zhao's military reforms, Warring States Period - Qin's conquest of China, Warring States Period - Films set in the Warring States Period

Read more here: » Warring States Period: Encyclopedia II - Warring States Period - Partition of Jin

On the fourth day of the fourth month of 632 BC, the rival forces met. The battle commenced with the advance of both wings of the Jin army. The Chu right wing was reckoned to be the weakest and Xu Chen, commander of the Jin left wing, attacked. Xu armoured his chariot horses with tiger skins and launched an urgent, vigorous assault on the Chu right wing. The attack was rapidly successful, scatterin ...

See also:

Battle of Chengpu, Battle of Chengpu - Background, Battle of Chengpu - Prelude, Battle of Chengpu - Battle, Battle of Chengpu - Evaluation

Read more here: » Battle of Chengpu: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Chengpu - Battle

In the 15th year, Ma Teng was summoned to be the Commandant of the Palace Guard. Seeing that he was getting old, Ma Teng went in the Palace Guard. Formerly, when Lord Cao was the Prime Minister, he recommended Ma Teng’s firstborn, Ma Chao, to serve in office, but he declined. Later, Ma Chao became Sili Xiaowei Dujun Congshi (roughly means a subordinate military officer of Sili Xiaowei), and went to fight Guo Yuan. He was hit by an arrow (on the foot), and so he took a pouch, wrapped his foot in it, and continued fighting. He thus defeated ...

See also:

Ma Chao, Ma Chao - Romance of the three kingdoms, Ma Chao - Quotations, Ma Chao - Games

Read more here: » Ma Chao: Encyclopedia II - Ma Chao - Romance of the three kingdoms

Naval battles of a very large scale, fought between Japanese clans and involving more than 1000 warships, are recorded from the 12th century. The decisive battle of the Genpei War was the 1185 naval engagement of Dan-no-ura between the fleets of the Minamoto and Taira clans. These battles consisted first of long-range archery exchanges, then gaving way to hand-to-hand combat with swords and daggers. Nav ...

See also:

Naval history of Japan, Naval history of Japan - Prehistory, Naval history of Japan - Early historical period, Naval history of Japan - Yayoi Period, Naval history of Japan - Yamato Period, Naval history of Japan - Medieval period, Naval history of Japan - Mongol invasions 1274–1281, Naval history of Japan - Wakou piracy 13th–16th century, Naval history of Japan - Warring States period 15th–16th century, Naval history of Japan - European contacts, Naval history of Japan - Invasion of Korea and the Ryukyus, Naval history of Japan - Oceanic trade 16th–17th century, Naval history of Japan - Invasion project of the Philippines, Naval history of Japan - Seclusion 1640–1840, Naval history of Japan - Modernization: Bakumatsu period 1853-1868, Naval history of Japan - Birth of a modern Navy, Naval history of Japan - Meiji restoration and creation of the Imperial Japanese Navy, Naval history of Japan - Sino-Japanese War, Naval history of Japan - Russo-Japanese War, Naval history of Japan - World War II, Naval history of Japan - Self-Defense Forces, Naval history of Japan - Notes

Read more here: » Naval history of Japan: Encyclopedia II - Naval history of Japan - Medieval period

Song Jiang is mentioned in the historical texts toward the end of the reign of Emperor Huizong. There is some confusion about his place of birth and his original base of operations. One account, from Piling Ji notes that Song Jiang gathered together fugitives to prey on the roads of Shandong. Another account says that he and his group rose north of the Yellow River and moved south into the Huai River valley. They were said to have invaded some ten commanderies and were evidently regarded as more than merely a nuisance by the imperial ...

See also:

Song Jiang, Song Jiang - Song Jiang in history, Song Jiang - Song Jiang in the Water Margin

Read more here: » Song Jiang: Encyclopedia II - Song Jiang - Song Jiang in history

There are 48 playable characters as of the release of Dynasty Warriors 5 (not including Nu Wa and Fu Xi). Most of the characters were real figures from the era of the Three Kingdoms, although some half-fictional characters from the novel were also included in the roster such as Xing Cai and Zuo Ci. Minor female characters from history has been placed on the battlefield by Koei, although aside from Zhu ...

See also:

Dynasty Warriors, Dynasty Warriors - Games in the Series, Dynasty Warriors - Game Characteristics, Dynasty Warriors - Playable Characters, Dynasty Warriors - Wei 魏, Dynasty Warriors - Shu 蜀, Dynasty Warriors - Wu 呉, Dynasty Warriors - Others 他, Dynasty Warriors - Notes, Dynasty Warriors - Criticism of English Voice-work

Read more here: » Dynasty Warriors: Encyclopedia II - Dynasty Warriors - Playable Characters

The warlord Liu Bei harbored in the neighboring city Xiangyang under his distant relative and the governor of the Jing Region, Liu Biao. Legends recounted that Zhuge Liang joined Liu Bei in 207 only after Liu visited him in person three times. In reality, one of Zhuge Liang's works accounted for three visits. Zhuge Liang soon presented his famous Longzhong Plan before Liu, and he travelled in person to the Kingdom of Wu and formed an alliance with its ruler Sun Quan. His elder brother Zhuge Jin ...

See also:

Zhuge Liang, Zhuge Liang - Various names in different forms, Zhuge Liang - Family name and given name, Zhuge Liang - Courtesy name, Zhuge Liang - Other names, Zhuge Liang - Early life, Zhuge Liang - Rise to prominence, Zhuge Liang - The Southern Expedition, Zhuge Liang - The Northern Expeditions, Zhuge Liang - Legacy, Zhuge Liang - Zhuge Liang's Wife Huang Yueying

Read more here: » Zhuge Liang: Encyclopedia II - Zhuge Liang - Rise to prominence

Xiangqi - Board. Xiangqi is played on a board that is 9 lines wide by 10 lines long. In a manner similar to the game go, the pieces are played on the intersections, which are known as points. The vertical lines are known as files, while the horizontal lines are known as ranks. With a few awkward substitutions, it is possible to play this game using a standard chess set. Centered at the first through third ranks of the board is a square zone also mirrored in the opponent's territory. The three ...

See also:

Xiangqi, Xiangqi - Rules of the game, Xiangqi - Board, Xiangqi - Pieces, Xiangqi - Ending the game, Xiangqi - Notation, Xiangqi - Notational system 1, Xiangqi - Notational system 2, Xiangqi - Gameplay and strategy, Xiangqi - Openings, Xiangqi - History, Xiangqi - Xiangqi tournaments and leagues, Xiangqi - Rankings, Xiangqi - Xiangqi and computers, Xiangqi - Books, Xiangqi - Notes

Read more here: » Xiangqi: Encyclopedia II - Xiangqi - Rules of the game