water vapor - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Carbon Cycle: Encyclopedia - Carbon Cycle
The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Furnace: Encyclopedia - Furnace
A furnace is a device used for heating. In American English, the term furnace on its own is generally used to describe household heating ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aura Satellite: Encyclopedia - Aura Satellite
Aura is a multi-national NASA scientific research satellite in orbit around the Earth, studying the Earth's ozone, air quality and climat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Viking Program: Encyclopedia - Viking Program
NASA's Viking program consisted of two unmanned space missions to Mars, Viking 1 and Viking 2. Each mission had a satellite designed to p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Earth's Atmosphere: Encyclopedia - Earth's Atmosphere
Earth's atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth and retained by the Earth's gravity. It contains roughly 78% nitrogen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Humidity: Encyclopedia - Humidity
Humidity is the concentration of water vapor in the air. The concentration can be expressed as absolute humidity, specific humidity, or r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heat: Encyclopedia - Heat
Heat (also improperly called heat change) is a transient form of energy. It quantifies the spontaneous transfer of thermal energy due to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Water: Encyclopedia - Water
Water (from the Old English word wæter; c.f German "Wasser", from PIE *wod-or, "water") is a tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ventilation: Encyclopedia - Ventilation
Ventilation is circulation of air, typically between a room, a tunnel, etc., and the air outside. When people or animals are present, ven...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ice: Encyclopedia - Ice
Ice is frozen water (one of its three phases of matter), and thereby a transparent, crystal, soft and fragile solid. The phase transition...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Candle: Encyclopedia - Candle
A candle is a light source usually consisting of an internal wick which rises through the center of a column of solid fuel. Typically the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Snow: Encyclopedia - Snow
Snow is precipitation in the form of crystalline water ice, consisting of a multitude of snowflakes. Since it is composed of small rough ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Frost: Encyclopedia - Frost
Frost, like snow, is the result of deposition of water vapor in saturated air. If solid surfaces in contact with the air are chilled belo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fog: Encyclopedia - Fog
Fog is a cloud in contact with the ground. It occurs when moisture from the surface of the Earth evaporates; as this evaporated moisture ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cumulonimbus Cloud: Encyclopedia - Cumulonimbus Cloud
Cumulonimbus is a type of cloud that is tall, dense, and involved in thunderstorms and other bad weather. The clouds can form alone, in c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Evaporation: Encyclopedia - Evaporation
Evaporation is the process whereby atoms or molecules in a liquid state (or solid state if the substance sublimes) gain sufficient energy...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Water Molecule: Encyclopedia - Water Molecule
Water has the chemical formula H2O, meaning that one molecule of water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. It is in dy...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - -kinesis: Encyclopedia - -kinesis
-kinesis, from Greek "kinesis", movement, motion, is a suffix that denotes movement. It is frequently used to indicate hypothetical parap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Refrigerator: Encyclopedia - Refrigerator
A refrigerator (often shortened to fridge) is an electrical appliance that uses refrigeration to help preserve food. A domestic refrigera...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cloud: Encyclopedia - Cloud
A cloud is a visible mass of condensation droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere above the surface of the Earth or another ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anticyclone: Encyclopedia - Anticyclone
In meteorology, an anticyclone (i.e. opposite to a cyclone) is a weather phenomenon in which there is a descending movement of the air an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tule Fog: Encyclopedia Ii - Tule Fog - Formation
Tule fog is a radiation fog, which is formed when there is a high relative humidity, calm winds, and rapid cooling. The tule fog happens ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dehydration: Encyclopedia Ii - Dehydration - Symptoms And Prognosis
Symptoms may include headaches similar to what is experienced as a hangover, a sudden episode of visual snow, decreased blood pressure (h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Physical Oceanography: Encyclopedia Ii - Physical Oceanography - The Physical Setting
It is impossible to overstate the importance of the oceans in shaping Earth, and giving it its uniqueness. As Matthew Maury said, Our pla...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Miller-urey Experiment: Encyclopedia Ii - Miller-urey Experiment - Earth's Early Atmosphere
There have been a number of objections to the implications derived from these experiments. It is now believed that Earth's original atmos...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Furnace: Encyclopedia Ii - Furnace - Industrial Furnaces
A furnace or direct fired heater, is an equipment used to provide heat for a process or can serve as reactor which provides heats of reac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anticyclone: Encyclopedia Ii - Anticyclone - Dry Air
All anticyclones are produced by dry air that settles to the surface of the earth and accumulates, forming air masses. The absence of aqu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Viking Program: Encyclopedia Ii - Viking Program - Spacecraft Design
The primary objectives of the Viking orbiters were to transport the landers to Mars, perform reconnaissance to locate and certify landing...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neon: Encyclopedia Ii - Neon - Applications
The reddish-orange color that neon emits in neon lights is widely used to make advertising signs. The word "Neon" is also used genericall...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greenhouse Gas: Encyclopedia Ii - Greenhouse Gas - Duration Of Stay And Global Warming Potential
The greenhouse gases, once in the atmosphere, do not remain there eternally. They can be withdrawn from the atmosphere: as a consequence...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ice: Encyclopedia Ii - Ice - Human Relationship With Ice
Ice has long been valued as a means of cooling. Until recently, the Hungarian Parliament building used ice harvested in the winter from L...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geology Of The Moon: Encyclopedia Ii - Geology Of The Moon - Lunar Landscape
The lunar landscape is characterized by impact craters, their ejecta, a few volcanoes, hills, lava flows and depressions filled by magma....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fuel Cell: Encyclopedia Ii - Fuel Cell - Advantages And Disadvantages
Fuel cell - Environmental effects. A common misconception among the public is that elemental hydrogen is a source of energy. This is no...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tap Valve: Encyclopedia Ii - Tap Valve - Physics Of Taps
Most water and gas taps have adjustable flow. Turning the knob or working the lever sets the flow rate by adjusting the size of an openin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fremen: Encyclopedia Ii - Fremen - Customs
Fremen - Culture. The Fremen are organized into sietches. Each sietch has a naib, whose word is law unless someone is willing to challe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Meteorology: Encyclopedia Ii - Meteorology - History Of Meteorology
Meteorology - Early achievements in meteorology. 350 BCE The term meteorology comes from Aristotle's Meteorology. Although the term m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Water Molecule: Encyclopedia Ii - Water Molecule - Physics And Chemistry Of Water
Water molecule - Density of water and ice. For most substances, the solid form of the substance is more dense than the liquid form; thu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Evaporation: Encyclopedia Ii - Evaporation - Film Deposition
Evaporation is a common method of thin film deposition used in industry. Evaporative deposition tends to be slower and therefore more exp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Cycle: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Cycle - Carbon In The Atmosphere
Carbon exists in Earth's atmosphere primarily as the gas carbon dioxide (CO2). Although it is a very small part of the atmosphere overall...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Plastic Wrap: Encyclopedia Ii - Plastic Wrap - Materials Used
Plastic wrap was first made from PVC, which remains the most common material, but non-PVC alternatives are now being sold because of conc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Earth's Atmosphere: Encyclopedia Ii - Earth's Atmosphere - Temperature And The Atmospheric Layers
The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude; the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies bet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle: Encyclopedia Ii - Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle - Fuel Requirements
Several different fuel combinations have been used in heavy lift lauch vehicles. The earliest ones were simply liquid hydrogen and liquid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cloud: Encyclopedia Ii - Cloud - Cloud Formation And Properties
Clouds form when the invisible water vapor in the air condenses into visible water droplets or ice crystals. This can happen in two ways....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heat: Encyclopedia Ii - Heat - Heat Transfer Mechanisms
As mentioned previously, heat tends to move from a high temperature region to a low temperature region. This heat transfer may occur by t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jason 1: Encyclopedia Ii - Jason 1 - Use Of Information
A number of satellites (See links) use exotic dual-band radar altimeters to measure height from a spacecraft. That measurement, coupled w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Viking Program: Encyclopedia Ii - Viking Program - Spacecraft Design
The primary objectives of the Viking orbiters were to transport the landers to Mars, perform reconnaissance to locate and certify landing...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Refrigerator: Encyclopedia Ii - Refrigerator - Types
Refrigerator - Door situation. Eye level freezer refrigerator (or top mount). Bottom freezer refrigerator (or bottom mount). The freez...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Phase Transition: Encyclopedia Ii - Phase Transition - Properties Of Phase Transitions
Phase transition - Critical points. In systems containing liquid and gaseous phases, there exist a special combination of pressure and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Snow: Encyclopedia Ii - Snow - Occurrence
The probability of snowfall varies with season, location, and other geographic factors such as latitude and elevation. In the latitudinal...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cloud: Encyclopedia Ii - Cloud - Cloud Formation And Properties
Clouds form when the invisible water vapor in the air condenses into visible water droplets or ice crystals. This can happen in three way...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Evaporation: Encyclopedia Ii - Evaporation - Applied Evaporation
Evaporation - Forced evaporation. Forced evaporation is a process used in the separation of mixtures, in which a mixture is heated to d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Water: Encyclopedia Ii - Water - Molecular Properties
Water - Forms of water. For more details on this topic, see Category: Forms of water. Water takes many different shapes on earth: wat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heat: Encyclopedia Ii - Heat - Heat Transfer Mechanisms
As mentioned previously, heat tends to move from a high temperature region to a low temperature region. This heat transfer may occur by t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Meteorology: Encyclopedia Ii - Meteorology - History Of Meteorology
Meteorology - Early achievements in meteorology. 350 BC The term meteorology comes from Aristotle's Meteorology. Although the term me...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Calcium Chloride: Encyclopedia Ii - Calcium Chloride - Chemical Properties
Calcium chloride can serve as a source of calcium ions in solution, for instance for precipitation because many calcium compounds are ins...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cumulonimbus Cloud: Encyclopedia Ii - Cumulonimbus Cloud - Formation
To create a cumulonimbus cloud, you need three ingredients. Plenty of moisture. A mass of warm unstable air. A source of energy to lift ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stoma: Encyclopedia Ii - Stoma - Stoma Opening And Closure
However, most plants do not have the above-said facility and must therefore open and close their stomata during the daytime in response t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Transformer: Encyclopedia Ii - Transformer - Construction
A transformer usually has: two or more insulated windings, to carry current a core, in which the mutual magnetic field couples the windi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Candle: Encyclopedia Ii - Candle - Usage
Prior to the domestication of electricity, candles were a common source of lighting, before, and later in addition to, the oil lamp. Due ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Earth's Atmosphere: Encyclopedia Ii - Earth's Atmosphere - Temperature And The Atmospheric Layers
The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude; the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies bet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Humidity: Encyclopedia Ii - Humidity - Relative Humidity
Relative humidity is the ratio of the current vapor pressure of water in any gas (especially air) to the equilibrium vapor pressure, at w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Astronomy: Encyclopedia Ii - Astronomy - Divisions
In ancient Greece and other early civilizations, astronomy consisted largely of astrometry, measuring positions of stars and planets in t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Transformer: Encyclopedia Ii - Transformer - Construction
Transformer - Cores. Transformers for use at power or audio frequencies have cores made of many thin laminations of silicon steel. By ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Phase Matter: Encyclopedia Ii - Phase Matter - Definition
Even though the concept of phases is widely-used in the physical sciences, it is not easy to define precisely. Before presenting the gene...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Observational Astronomy: Encyclopedia Ii - Observational Astronomy - Observation Tools
The key instrument of nearly all modern observational astronomy is the telescope. This serves the dual purposes of gathering more light s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Humidity: Encyclopedia Ii - Humidity - Specific Humidity
Specific humidity is a method of expressing the amount of aqueous vapor in air by using a ratio of water vapor to dry air. Specific humid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Physical Oceanography: Encyclopedia Ii - Physical Oceanography - Temperature And Potential Temperature
Physical oceanography - Ocean seawater composition and salinity. Physical oceanography - Density. ... See also:Physical oceanograph...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Physical Oceanography: Encyclopedia Ii - Physical Oceanography - Rapid Variations In The Ocean
Physical oceanography - Ocean tides. Physical oceanography - Tsunamis. ... See also:Physical oceanography, Physical oceanography - ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Humidity: Encyclopedia Ii - Humidity - Effects On Human Body
Humidity can make the warmth of the surrounding air feel as if it is warmer than the actual temperature would suggest, because the coolin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Physical Oceanography: Encyclopedia Ii - Physical Oceanography - The General Circulation Of The Ocean
Physical oceanography - The Coriolis force. Physical oceanography - Pressure-driven flows. Physical oceanography - Angular momentum ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Physical Oceanography: Encyclopedia Ii - Physical Oceanography - Oceanic Heat Flux And The Climate Connection
Physical oceanography - Heat storage. Physical oceanography - Sea level change. ... See also:Physical oceanography, Physical oceano...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Transformer: Encyclopedia Ii - Transformer - Introduction
The transformer is one of the simplest of electrical devices. A good mechanical analogy is that of a gearbox. Its design and principles h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Earth's Atmosphere: Encyclopedia Ii - Earth's Atmosphere - Thickness Of The Atmosphere
Although the atmosphere exists at heights of 1000 km and more, it is so thin as to be considered nonexistant. 57.8% of the atmosphere is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Transformer: Encyclopedia Ii - Transformer - Transformer Designs
Transformer - Autotransformers. Main article: Autotransformer An autotransformer has only a single winding, which is tapped at some p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Transformer: Encyclopedia Ii - Transformer - Practical Considerations
Transformer - Classifications. Transformers are adapted to numerous engineering applications and may be classified in many ways: By po...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Earth's Atmosphere: Encyclopedia Ii - Earth's Atmosphere - Composition
Source for figures above: NASA. Carbon dioxide and methane updated (to 1998) by IPCC TAR table 6.1 [1]. The NASA total was 17 ppmv over 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Earth's Atmosphere: Encyclopedia Ii - Earth's Atmosphere - Density And Mass
The density of air at sea level is about 1.2 kg/m3. Natural variations of the barometric pressure occur at any one altitude as a conseque...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ice: Encyclopedia Ii - Ice - Ice At Different Pressures
Ice can be formed at higher temperatures in pressurized environments, and water will remain a liquid or gas until -30 °C at lower p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cloud: Encyclopedia Ii - Cloud - Colors Of Clouds
Cloud color tells much about what is going on inside a cloud. Clouds form when water vapor rises, cools, and condenses out of the air as ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cloud: Encyclopedia Ii - Cloud - Cloud Classification
Clouds are divided into two general categories: layered and convective. These are named stratus clouds (or stratiform, the Latin stratus ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Transformer: Encyclopedia Ii - Transformer - Basic Principles
Transformer - An analogy. The transformer may be considered as a simple two wheel 'gearbox' for electrical voltage and current. The pri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Transformer: Encyclopedia Ii - Transformer - Introduction
The transformer is one of the simplest of electrical devices. Its basic design, materials, and principles have changed little over the la...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tule Fog: Encyclopedia Ii - Tule Fog - Visibility
There is not much one can see in tule fog. Its visibility is usually less than 1/8th of a mile (about 600 feet), but can be less than 10 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Water Molecule: Encyclopedia Ii - Water Molecule - History
In 1742, Anders Celsius defined the Celsius temperature scale with the freezing point of water at 100 degrees and the boiling point at st...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Water Molecule: Encyclopedia Ii - Water Molecule - A Common Substance
Water molecule - Water in the Universe. Water has been found in interstellar clouds within our galaxy, the Milky Way. It is believed th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Transformer: Encyclopedia Ii - Transformer - Basic Principles
Transformer - Flux coupling. A simple single phase transformer consists of two electrical conductors called the primary winding and the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Transformer: Encyclopedia Ii - Transformer - Practical Considerations
Transformer - Classification. Transformers may be roughly classified by the power handled in the circuit, in watts (or, more accurately...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tap Valve: Encyclopedia Ii - Tap Valve - Water Taps
Water for baths, sinks and basins can be provided by separate hot and cold taps; this arrangement is common in the UK, particularly in to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stoma: Encyclopedia Ii - Stoma - Viewing Stoma
The easiest way to view stomata on a leaf is to take a nail varnish impression of it. Paint about one square centimeter of the underside...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Transformer: Encyclopedia Ii - Transformer - Transformer Designs
Transformer - Autotransformers. An autotransformer has only a single winding, which is tapped at some point along the winding. AC or pu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Water Molecule: Encyclopedia Ii - Water Molecule - Forms Of Water
Water may take many forms. The solid state of water is commonly known as ice (while many other forms exist, see amorphous solid water); t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ice: Encyclopedia Ii - Ice - Ice At Different Pressures
Ice can be formed at higher temperatures in pressurized environments, and water will remain a liquid or gas until -30 °C at lower p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Earth's Atmosphere: Encyclopedia Ii - Earth's Atmosphere - The Evolution Of The Earth's Atmosphere
The history of the Earth's atmosphere prior to one billion years ago is poorly understood, but the following presents a plausible sequenc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cumulonimbus Cloud: Encyclopedia Ii - Cumulonimbus Cloud - Appearance
The base of a cumulonimbus can be several miles across, and it can be tall enough to occupy middle as well as low altitudes: though forme...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Earth's Atmosphere: Encyclopedia Ii - Earth's Atmosphere - Density And Mass
The density of air at sea level is about 1.2 kg/m3. Natural variations of the barometric pressure occur at any one altitude as a conseque...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Earth's Atmosphere: Encyclopedia Ii - Earth's Atmosphere - Composition
Source for figures above: NASA Carbon dioxide and methane updated (to 1998) by IPCC TAR table 6.1 [1] Minor components of air not liste...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Astronomy: Encyclopedia Ii - Astronomy - History Of Astronomy
In early times, astronomy only comprised the observation and predictions of the motions of the naked-eye objects. Aristotle said that the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Earth's Atmosphere: Encyclopedia Ii - Earth's Atmosphere - Thickness Of The Atmosphere
The atmosphere is present to heights of 1000 km. or more. But at this height it is so thin and at such low pressure that it's almost like...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cumulonimbus Cloud: Encyclopedia Ii - Cumulonimbus Cloud - Effects
Cumulonimbus storm cells can produce heavy rain (particularly of a convective nature) and flash flooding, as well as straight-line winds....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Candle: Encyclopedia Ii - Candle - Fuel And Candle Holders
Candles can be made of paraffin (a byproduct of petroleum refining), stearin (now produced almost exclusively from palm waxes), beeswax (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Furnace: Encyclopedia Ii - Furnace - Metallurgical Furnaces
In metallurgy, several specialised furnaces are used. These include: Furnaces used in smelters, including: The blast furnace, used to r...   » Read the article