War elephants were important, although not widespread, weapons in ancient military history. Their main use was in charges, to trample the enemy and/or break their ranks. War elephants were exclusively male animals, because they were faster, more aggressive, and the females had a tendency to run away from other females. War elephant - History. Elephant taming began in the Indus valley around 4,000 years ago. Taming is not used here as a synonym of domestication. Domesticated animals, such as cows or dogs, ar ...

Including:

War elephant - History War elephant - Tactical use War elephant - Battles War elephant - War elephants in popular culture War elephant - External link

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See also:

War elephant, War elephant - History, War elephant - Tactical use, War elephant - Battles, War elephant - War elephants in popular culture, War elephant - External link

Read more here: » War elephant: Encyclopedia II - War elephant - History

Elephant taming began in the Indus valley around 4,000 years ago. Taming is not used here as a synonym of domestication. Domesticated animals, such as cows or dogs, are born in captivity and eventually subjected to selective breeding. Elephants, probably due to their bad temper, expensive feeding and slow growth rate (15 years to adulthood), were, with very few exceptions, always caught in the wild and subsequently tamed for several purposes. The first species to be tamed was thus the Asian elephant, for agricultural ends. The first military application of elephants dates from around 1100 BC and ...

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War elephant, War elephant - History, War elephant - Tactical use, War elephant - Battles, War elephant - War elephants in popular culture

Read more here: » War elephant: Encyclopedia II - War elephant - History

Elephantidae (the elephants) is a family of animals, and the only remaining family in the order Proboscidea. Elephantidae has three living species: the Savannah Elephant and Forest Elephant (which were collectively known as the African Elephant) and the Asian Elephant (formerly known as the Indian Elephant). Other species have become extinct since the last ice age, which ended about 10,000 years ago. Elephants are the largest land animals and largest land mammals alive today. At birth it is common for an elephant ...

Including:

Elephant - Zoology
Elephant - The African Elephant Elephant - Asian Elephant Elephant - Body characteristics Elephant - Evolution Elephant - Varieties Elephant - Diet Elephant - Social behavior Elephant - Reproduction Elephant - Motherhood and calf rearing
Elephant - Usefulness to the environment Elephant - Habitat loss
Elephant - National Parks Elephant - Deforestation Elephant - Overgrazing Elephant - Overhunting Elephant - Asia's dwindling habitat Elephant - Sri Lanka Elephant - Southeast Asia Elephant - The Malayan Elephant Elephant - Eastern Africa Elephant - Western Africa Elephant - Southern Africa Elephant - Involving the Local Community
Elephant - Man and Elephants
Elephant - Harvest from the Wild Elephant - Domestication and use Elephant - The Elephant Trap Elephant - Elephants in Culture Elephant - Elephant rage
Elephant - Footnotes

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Armour (Commonwealth English) or armor (American English), is protective clothing intended to defend its wearer from intentional harm in combat and military engagements, typically associated with soldiers. Armour has been used throughout recorded history, beginning with hides, leather, and bone, before progressing to bronze, then steel during the middle ages, to modern fabrics such as kevlar, Dyneema and ceramics. Armour was also commonly used to protect war animals, such as war horses and elephants. Armour for war horse ...

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Armour - History Armour - Plate armour Armour - Modern personal armour

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Auvaiyar is a female icon of Tamil literature. She wrote many poems about Hindu gods, of which Vinayagar Agaval in praise of Lord Ganesha (the elephant god) is famous. Her quotes are still in vogue in modern day Tamil Nadu. She lived during the Sangam age. Tamil literature says that she was in the patronage of King Adhiyamaan for some time. She also took responsibility in preventing the war that was about to happen between Adhiyamaan and another king Thondaimaan. Some of the comm ...

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Military animals are creatures that have been employed by humankind for use in warfare. They are a specific application of working animals. Generally these animals are domesticated creatures, such as the dog or horse; more exotic animals such as the elephant, pig, and even the spider have also seen use during wartime. Animals have even been awarded medals for their courage in battle. Military animal - Transport and hauling. The horse has been the most widely-used animal throughout the recorded histor ...

Including:

Military animal - Transport and hauling
Military animal - Other
Military animal - Pigeons & War Military animal - Other specialized functions Military animal - Additional reading

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The Oliphant is an enormous pachyderm which is noted to have towered at up to 50 feet in height. It was employed as a weapon of war by the Haradrim during the wars of the Third Age. It became extinct by the end of the Fourth Age. Oliphaunts lived in the southern land of Harad, and were notably used in the siege of Gondor and the subsequent Battle of the Pelennor Fields on March 15th, 3018 of the Third Age. They are said to be (according to the Middle-Earth world) an ancestor of today's elephants although many times their size. Standin ...

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Oliphaunt, Oliphaunt - The animal, Oliphaunt - The word, Oliphaunt - The poem, Oliphaunt - Bibliography

Read more here: » Oliphaunt: Encyclopedia II - Oliphaunt - The animal

Elephant - The African Elephant. The Loxodonta africana, or the African elephant, is found in several regions throughout the continent after which it is named. In recent years, Loxondonta has received the attention of the world because of its dwindling numbers. Today there are approximately 600,000 African elephants in the world. Some believe this represents a stable population and that measures to protect them are unnecessary. Others argue that while elephants are locally overabundant in certain ar ...

See also:

Elephant, Elephant - Zoology, Elephant - The African Elephant, Elephant - Asian Elephant, Elephant - Body characteristics, Elephant - Evolution, Elephant - Varieties, Elephant - Diet, Elephant - Social behavior, Elephant - Reproduction, Elephant - Motherhood and calf rearing, Elephant - Usefulness to the environment, Elephant - Habitat loss, Elephant - National Parks, Elephant - Deforestation, Elephant - Overgrazing, Elephant - Overhunting, Elephant - Asia's dwindling habitat, Elephant - Sri Lanka, Elephant - Southeast Asia, Elephant - The Malayan Elephant, Elephant - Eastern Africa, Elephant - Western Africa, Elephant - Southern Africa, Elephant - Involving the Local Community, Elephant - Man and Elephants, Elephant - Harvest from the Wild, Elephant - Domestication and use, Elephant - The Elephant Trap, Elephant - Elephants in Culture, Elephant - Elephant rage, Elephant - Footnotes

Read more here: » Elephant: Encyclopedia II - Elephant - Zoology

The threat to the elephant presented by the ivory trade is unique to the species. However, the second critical, and perhaps more complicated, threat to the elephant's survival is one affecting wildlife throughout the planet. The earth is a living biomass and can support only a limited amount of life. As one species increases, typically another must give way somewhere in the world. The human species has expanded at a rate unprecedented in the history of our planet. As of 2005, there are about 6.5 billion people on the planet, and the human po ...

See also:

Elephant, Elephant - Zoology, Elephant - The African Elephant, Elephant - Asian Elephant, Elephant - Body characteristics, Elephant - Evolution, Elephant - Varieties, Elephant - Diet, Elephant - Social behavior, Elephant - Reproduction, Elephant - Motherhood and calf rearing, Elephant - Usefulness to the environment, Elephant - Habitat loss, Elephant - National Parks, Elephant - Deforestation, Elephant - Overgrazing, Elephant - Overhunting, Elephant - Asia's dwindling habitat, Elephant - Sri Lanka, Elephant - Southeast Asia, Elephant - The Malayan Elephant, Elephant - Eastern Africa, Elephant - Western Africa, Elephant - Southern Africa, Elephant - Involving the Local Community, Elephant - Man and Elephants, Elephant - Harvest from the Wild, Elephant - Domestication and use, Elephant - The Elephant Trap, Elephant - Elephants in Culture, Elephant - Elephant rage, Elephant - Footnotes

Read more here: » Elephant: Encyclopedia II - Elephant - Habitat loss

Elephant - Harvest from the Wild. The harvest of elephants, both legal and illegal, has had some unexpected consequences on elephant anatomy as well. African ivory hunters, by killing only tusked elephants, have given a much larger chance of mating to elephants with small tusks or no tusks at all. The propagation of the absent-tusk gene has resulted in the birth of large numbers of tuskless elephants, now approaching 30% in some populations (compare with a rate of about 1% in 1930). Tusklessness, once a very rare ...

See also:

Elephant, Elephant - Zoology, Elephant - The African Elephant, Elephant - Asian Elephant, Elephant - Body characteristics, Elephant - Evolution, Elephant - Varieties, Elephant - Diet, Elephant - Social behavior, Elephant - Reproduction, Elephant - Motherhood and calf rearing, Elephant - Usefulness to the environment, Elephant - Habitat loss, Elephant - National Parks, Elephant - Deforestation, Elephant - Overgrazing, Elephant - Overhunting, Elephant - Asia's dwindling habitat, Elephant - Sri Lanka, Elephant - Southeast Asia, Elephant - The Malayan Elephant, Elephant - Eastern Africa, Elephant - Western Africa, Elephant - Southern Africa, Elephant - Involving the Local Community, Elephant - Man and Elephants, Elephant - Harvest from the Wild, Elephant - Domestication and use, Elephant - The Elephant Trap, Elephant - Elephants in Culture, Elephant - Elephant rage, Elephant - Footnotes

Read more here: » Elephant: Encyclopedia II - Elephant - Man and Elephants

Elephant - African Elephant. Main articles: Savanna Elephant and Forest elephant The mammals of the genus Loxodonta, often known collectively as African elephants, are found in several regions throughout the continent after which they are named. In recent years, Loxodonta has received the attention of the world because of its dwindling numbers. Today there are approximately 600,000 African elephants in the world. Some believe this represents ...

See also:

Elephant, Elephant - Zoology, Elephant - African Elephant, Elephant - Asian Elephant, Elephant - Body characteristics, Elephant - Evolution, Elephant - Varieties, Elephant - Diet, Elephant - Social behavior, Elephant - Reproduction, Elephant - Motherhood and calf rearing, Elephant - Usefulness to the environment, Elephant - Habitat loss, Elephant - National Parks, Elephant - Deforestation, Elephant - Overgrazing, Elephant - Overhunting, Elephant - Asia's dwindling habitat, Elephant - Sri Lanka, Elephant - Southeast Asia, Elephant - The Malayan Elephant, Elephant - Eastern Africa, Elephant - West Africa, Elephant - Southern Africa, Elephant - Involving the Local Community, Elephant - Man and Elephants, Elephant - Harvest from the Wild, Elephant - Domestication and use, Elephant - The Elephant Trap, Elephant - Elephants in Culture, Elephant - Elephant rage, Elephant - Footnotes

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Hannibal Barca ("mercy of Baal"), son of Hamilcar Barca, was born in 247 BC. After Carthage's defeat in the First Punic War, Hamilcar set about the task of improving Carthage's fortunes. To do this, Hamilcar began the subjugation of the tribes of Spain. Carthage at the time was in such a poor state that its navy was unable to ferry his army to Iberia (Hispania); instead, he had to march it to the Pillars of Hercules and cross there. According to a story he later told at the court of Antiochus, Hannibal came upon his father while he was makin ...

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Hannibal, Hannibal - Background and early career, Hannibal - Second Punic War and invasion of Italy, Hannibal - Return to Africa, Hannibal - Peacetime Carthage, Hannibal - Exile and death, Hannibal - Sources, Hannibal - Anecdotes, Hannibal - Place in history, Hannibal - Hannibal in film, Hannibal - Quote

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The threat to the elephant presented by the ivory trade is unique to the species. However, the second critical, and perhaps more complicated, threat to the elephant's survival is one affecting wildlife throughout the planet. The earth is a living biomass and can support only a limited amount of life. As one species increases, typically another must give way somewhere in the world. The human species has expanded at a rate unprecedented in the history of our planet. As of 2005, there are about 6.5 billion people on the planet, and the human po ...

See also:

Elephant, Elephant - Zoology, Elephant - African Elephant, Elephant - Asian Elephant, Elephant - Body characteristics, Elephant - Evolution, Elephant - Varieties, Elephant - Diet, Elephant - Social behavior, Elephant - Reproduction, Elephant - Motherhood and calf rearing, Elephant - Usefulness to the environment, Elephant - Habitat loss, Elephant - National Parks, Elephant - Deforestation, Elephant - Overgrazing, Elephant - Overhunting, Elephant - Asia's dwindling habitat, Elephant - Sri Lanka, Elephant - Southeast Asia, Elephant - The Malayan Elephant, Elephant - Eastern Africa, Elephant - West Africa, Elephant - Southern Africa, Elephant - Involving the Local Community, Elephant - Man and Elephants, Elephant - Harvest from the Wild, Elephant - Domestication and use, Elephant - The Elephant Trap, Elephant - Elephants in Culture, Elephant - Elephant rage, Elephant - Footnotes

Read more here: » Elephant: Encyclopedia II - Elephant - Habitat loss

Elephant - Harvest from the Wild. The harvest of elephants, both legal and illegal, has had some unexpected consequences on elephant anatomy as well. African ivory hunters, by killing only tusked elephants, have given a much larger chance of mating to elephants with small tusks or no tusks at all. The propagation of the absent-tusk gene has resulted in the birth of large numbers of tuskless elephants, now approaching 30% in some populations (compare with a rate of about 1% in 1930). Tusklessness, once a very rare ...

See also:

Elephant, Elephant - Zoology, Elephant - African Elephant, Elephant - Asian Elephant, Elephant - Body characteristics, Elephant - Evolution, Elephant - Varieties, Elephant - Diet, Elephant - Social behavior, Elephant - Reproduction, Elephant - Motherhood and calf rearing, Elephant - Usefulness to the environment, Elephant - Habitat loss, Elephant - National Parks, Elephant - Deforestation, Elephant - Overgrazing, Elephant - Overhunting, Elephant - Asia's dwindling habitat, Elephant - Sri Lanka, Elephant - Southeast Asia, Elephant - The Malayan Elephant, Elephant - Eastern Africa, Elephant - West Africa, Elephant - Southern Africa, Elephant - Involving the Local Community, Elephant - Man and Elephants, Elephant - Harvest from the Wild, Elephant - Domestication and use, Elephant - The Elephant Trap, Elephant - Elephants in Culture, Elephant - Elephant rage, Elephant - Footnotes

Read more here: » Elephant: Encyclopedia II - Elephant - Man and Elephants

The word Oliphaunt is a variant spelling of the archaic word oliphant meaning "elephant", "ivory", "elephant-tusk", "musical horn made of an elephant tusk", or "a musical instrument resembling such a horn". It appears in Middle English as olifant or olifaunt, and was borrowed from Medieval French olifanz. The French word owes something to both Old High German olbenta "camel", and to Latin elephantus "elephant", a word of Greek origin. OHG olbenta is a word of old Germanic origin; cf. Go ...

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Oliphaunt, Oliphaunt - The animal, Oliphaunt - The word, Oliphaunt - The poem, Oliphaunt - Bibliography

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Oliphaunt is also the title of a short comic poem about the beast quoted by the hobbit Samwise Gamgee, based on traditional bestiary lore. Oliphaunt Grey as a mouse, Big as a house, Nose like a snake, I make the earth shake, As I tramp through the grass; Trees crack as I pass. With horns in my mouth I walk in the South, Flapping big ears. Beyond count of years I stump round and round, Never lie on the ground,See also:

Oliphaunt, Oliphaunt - The animal, Oliphaunt - The word, Oliphaunt - The poem, Oliphaunt - Bibliography

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Cicero offers a story of Hannibal while at the court of Antiochus III. Hannibal attended a lecture by a certain Phormio, a philosopher, that ranged through many topics. When Phormio finished the portion about the duties of a general, Hannibal was asked his opinion. "I have seen," he replied, "during my life many an old fool; but this one beats them all." There is another story told about Hannibal while in exile, which puts an odd spin on his supposed "Punic perfidy". Antiochus III showed off a vast and well armed formation to Hannibal and asked him if they would be enough for Rome, to which Hannibal replied, "Yes, enough for th ...

See also:

Hannibal, Hannibal - Background and early career, Hannibal - Second Punic War and invasion of Italy, Hannibal - Return to Africa, Hannibal - Peacetime Carthage, Hannibal - Exile and death, Hannibal - Sources, Hannibal - Anecdotes, Hannibal - Place in history, Hannibal - Hannibal in film, Hannibal - Quote

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Hannibal's name is commonplace in popular culture, an objective measure of his influence on Western European history. The author of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article praises Hannibal in these words: "As to the transcendent military genius of Hannibal there cannot be two opinions. The man who for fifteen years could hold his ground in a hostile country against several powerful armies and a succession of able generals must have been a commander and a tactician of supreme capacity. In the use of stratagems and ambuscades ...

See also:

Hannibal, Hannibal - Background and early career, Hannibal - Second Punic War and invasion of Italy, Hannibal - Return to Africa, Hannibal - Peacetime Carthage, Hannibal - Exile and death, Hannibal - Sources, Hannibal - Anecdotes, Hannibal - Place in history, Hannibal - Hannibal in film, Hannibal - Quote

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Britain conquered Burma over a period of 62 years (1824 - 1886), during which three Anglo-Burmese Wars took place, and incorporated it into its Indian Empire. Burma was administered as a province of India until 1937 when it became a separate, self-governing colony; independence was attained as a result of the Aung San–Attlee agreement which guaranteed Burmese independence. Aung San was assassinated before Bur ...

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Shooting an Elephant, Shooting an Elephant - Context, Shooting an Elephant - Synopsis, Shooting an Elephant - Symbolism

Read more here: » Shooting an Elephant: Encyclopedia II - Shooting an Elephant - Context