Encyclopedia - Wage: Encyclopedia - Wage
A wage is the amount of money paid for some specified quantity of labour. When expressed with respect to time (usually per hour), it is t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maximum Wage: Encyclopedia Ii - Maximum Wage - Criticism Of Maximum Wages
Critics of maximum wages, like Milton Friedman, argue that they reduce incentives toward innovation and reduce incentives for the highly ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Minimum Wage: Encyclopedia Ii - Minimum Wage - History
The first moves to legislate wages did not set minimum wages, rather the laws created arbitration boards and councils to resolve labour c...   » Read the article

Article - Peace On Earth: Waging Peace Through Constructive Images
Recently, this sentence stopped me short: "Before we can live in peace, we have to be able to imagine, to image peace." On s...   » Read the article

Article - Peace On Earth: Waging Peace With An Awakened Mind
    (See also: Peace on Earth, Peace of Mind, Love and Happiness, Life and Beyond, Body Mind and Soul)      » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wage Slavery: Encyclopedia - Wage Slavery
Wage slavery is a condition in which a person is legally (de jure) voluntarily employed but practically (de facto) a slave. It is used to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Davis-bacon Act: Encyclopedia - Davis-bacon Act
The Davis-Bacon Act of 1931 is a United States federal law which established the requirement for paying prevailing wages on public works ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Working Class: Encyclopedia - Working Class
The working class is a social class often contrasted with middle class and upper class in terms of the nature of work undertaken (manual ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Compensation Of Employees: Encyclopedia - Compensation Of Employees
Compensation of employees (CE) is a statistical term used in national accounts, Balance of Payments statistics and sometimes in corporate...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Working Poor: Encyclopedia - Working Poor
Working poor is a term used to describe individuals and families who maintain full-time jobs but remain in relative poverty due to low le...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Child Support: Encyclopedia - Child Support
In many countries, child support is the ongoing obligation for a periodic payment made by a non-custodial parent to a custodial parent, c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Minimum Wage: Encyclopedia Ii - Minimum Wage - History
The first moves to legislate wages did not set minimum wages, rather the laws created arbitration boards and councils to resolve labour c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maximum Wage: Encyclopedia Ii - Maximum Wage - Implementation
Supporters of the minimum wage concept believe that it can help limit the possibility of deflation of a currency or overall economy. Simi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Minimum Wage: Encyclopedia Ii - Minimum Wage - Consequences Of Minimum Wage Laws
If the law is successfully enforced, and if they are high enough in real terms (or relative to the average wage), minimum wage laws are a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Minimum Wage: Encyclopedia Ii - Minimum Wage - Minimum Wage In The United Kingdom
Municipal regulation of wage levels began in some towns in 1524. Later, the Trade Boards Act of 1909 (introduced by Winston Churchill) in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Minimum Wage: Encyclopedia Ii - Minimum Wage - Minimum Wage In The United States
The first attempt at establishing a minimum wage in the United States came in 1933, when a $.25-per-hour standard was set as part of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Salary: Encyclopedia Ii - Salary - Salaries In The Us
In the United States, the distinction between periodic salaries (which could be paid regardless of hours worked) and hourly wages (meetin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Efficiency Wages: Encyclopedia Ii - Efficiency Wages - Shirking
The shirking model begins with the fact that complete contracts rarely (or never) exist in the real world. This implies that both parties...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Efficiency Wages: Encyclopedia Ii - Efficiency Wages - Adverse Selection
The adverse selection model adds yet another come flavour to our increasingly smorgasbord set of efficiency wage models. These use the fr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Efficiency Wages: Encyclopedia Ii - Efficiency Wages - Sociological Models
Efficiency wages - Fairness norms and reciprocity. Standard economic models ("neoclassical economics") assume that people pursue only t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wage Slavery: Encyclopedia Ii - Wage Slavery - Wage Slavery In Capitalist Society
Wage slavery as a concept is a criticism of capitalism, defined as a condition when a capitalist minority of the population controls all ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tax Credit: Encyclopedia Ii - Tax Credit - Tax Credits And Minimum Wage
Tax credits may be given to employers to encourage them to pay employees more. In the United Kingdom, employers do not pay for either the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tax Credit: Encyclopedia Ii - Tax Credit - Tax Credits And Minimum Wage
Tax credits are a means tested benefit paid direct to employees to encourage them into work. In the United Kingdom, employers do not pay ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Labor-power: Encyclopedia Ii - Labor-power - Labor Power And Wages
Marx regards money-wages and salaries as the price of labour power (though workers can also be paid "in kind"). That price may contingent...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economy Of The United States: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of The United States - Wages And Occupations 2004
Total Wages - $1 Domestic industries - $43,328 Private industries - $42,635 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting - $26,371 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Screen Actors Guild: Encyclopedia Ii - Screen Actors Guild - Dues And Scale Wage
The fee to join SAG initially is a one-time charge of USD $1,432 plus the first semi-annual dues payment of $50. Yearly dues are $100, pa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Income Tax In The Netherlands: Encyclopedia Ii - Income Tax In The Netherlands - Progressive Tax On Wages Etc. Box 1
There is a progressive tax on wages, profits, social security benefits and pensions. Part of the income from EUR 0 to EUR 16,893: 34.4 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monopsony: Encyclopedia Ii - Monopsony - Static Monopsony In A Labour Market
The standard textbook monopsony model refers to static partial equilibrium in a labour market with just one employer who pays the same wa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Davis-bacon Act: Encyclopedia Ii - Davis-bacon Act - Amendments
The Davis-Bacon Act was amended in 1935 to ensure that contractors bidding on public works projects would not lower wages in order achiev...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Proletariat: Encyclopedia Ii - Proletariat - The Proletariat In Marxist Theory
In the Marxist theory, the proletariat is that class of society which does not have ownership of the means of production. Proletarians ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monopsony: Encyclopedia Ii - Monopsony - Empirical Problems
The simplified dynamics sketched above suggests that the frequent observation of short-run relative inelasticity of labour supply to indi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monopsony: Encyclopedia Ii - Monopsony - Dynamic Problems
In many real-world situations a monopsonist firm will have to maximise its profits through time, rather than instantaneously as in the pr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monopsony: Encyclopedia Ii - Monopsony - Overview
A monopsonist has market power, due to the fact that he/she can affect the market price of the purchased good by varying the quantity bou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Monopsony: Encyclopedia Ii - Monopsony - Monopsony In Product Markets
The same or similar empirical difficulties dog the attempts to identify significant monopsony in non-labour markets, and specifically in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuevo Laredo: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuevo Laredo - Gang Wars
As a border town, Nuevo Laredo is known for its turf war in which two drug cartels, the Sinaloa and Gulf Cartel, compete for control of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Compensation Of Employees: Encyclopedia Ii - Compensation Of Employees - Criticism
The main criticisms made of the accounting concept of CE are that it can make workers' incomes look larger than they truly are, and that ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Taxation In Germany: Encyclopedia Ii - Taxation In Germany - Individual Taxation
Germany's individual tax rates vary with the income, that is the tax rates are progressive as they are in all industrialized countries of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Humanitarian Effects Of Hurricane Katrina: Encyclopedia Ii - Humanitarian Effects Of Hurricane Katrina - Health Concerns
Aside from the lack of water, food, shelter, and sanitation facilities, there was concern that the prolonged flooding might lead to an ou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Humanitarian Effects Of Hurricane Katrina: Encyclopedia Ii - Humanitarian Effects Of Hurricane Katrina - Animal Concerns
As with any major disaster, animals are affected as well as human beings. In the case during Katrina, no order to support total animal ev...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Humanitarian Effects Of Hurricane Katrina: Encyclopedia Ii - Humanitarian Effects Of Hurricane Katrina - Reports Of Price Gouging
Hundreds of reports were made to Louisiana authorities and elsewhere regarding sharp increases in prices on products like gasoline and bo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Keynesian Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Keynesian Economics - Keynesian Responses To The Critiques
Macroeconomics has responded to the critique of Keynesianism by incorporating more detailed microfoundations into basically Keynesian mod...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economy Of The United States: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of The United States - Government's Role In The Economy
While consumers and producers make most decisions that mold the economy, government activities have a powerful effect on the U.S. economy...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economy Of The United States: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of The United States - Poverty
There is significant disagreement about poverty in the United States; particularly over how poverty ought to be defined. Using radically ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economy Of The United States: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of The United States - Other Statistics
Industrial production growth rate: 0.3% (2003 est.) Electricity: production: 3,839 TWh (2002) consumption: 3,660 TWh (2002) exports: 13....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Labor-power: Encyclopedia Ii - Labor-power - Labor Power As Commodity
Under capitalism, according to Marx, labor-power becomes a commodity – it is sold and bought on the market. A worker tries to sell his ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Income Tax In The Netherlands: Encyclopedia Ii - Income Tax In The Netherlands - Flat Tax On Income From A Substantial Business Interest Box 2
There is a flat tax of 25 % on income from a substantial business interest, usually meaning a (direct or indirect) shareholding of at lea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Income Tax In The Netherlands: Encyclopedia Ii - Income Tax In The Netherlands - Flat Tax On Savings And Investments Box 3
There is a flat tax on savings and investments of 1.2 % per year. It is nominally part of the income tax, as a 30 % tax on a fixed assume...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economy Of The United States: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of The United States - History
Main article: Economic history of the United States With President Harding's post–WW I "Return to Normalcy", the United States enjoyed ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economy Of The United States: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of The United States - Basic Ingredients Of The U.s. Economy
The first ingredient of a nation's economic system is its natural resources. The United States is rich in mineral resources and fertile f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economy Of The United States: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of The United States - A Mixed Economy: The Role Of The Market
The United States is said to have a mixed economy because privately owned businesses and government both play important roles. Indeed, so...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economy Of The United States: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of The United States - National Debt
Main article: U.S. public debt The national debt, also known as the U.S. public debt and the gross federal debt, is the overall collectiv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economy Of The United States: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of The United States - National Debt
Main article: U.S. public debt The national debt, also known as the U.S. public debt and the gross federal debt, is the overall collectiv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Keynesian Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Keynesian Economics - Historical Background
John Maynard Keynes was one of a wave of thinkers who perceived increasing cracks in the assumptions and theories which held sway at that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Keynesian Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Keynesian Economics - Keynes And The Classics
Keynes explained the level of output and employment in the economy as being determined by aggregate demand or effective demand. In a reve...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Keynesian Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Keynesian Economics - Subsequent Developments In Keynesian Thought
After Keynes, Keynesian analysis was combined with classical economics to produce what is generally termed "the neoclassical synthesis" w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Keynesian Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Keynesian Economics - Historical Background
John Maynard Keynes was one of a wave of thinkers who perceived increasing cracks in the assumptions and theories which held sway at that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Keynesian Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Keynesian Economics - Keynes And The Classics
Keynes explained the level of output and employment in the economy as being determined by aggregate demand or effective demand. In a reve...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Keynesian Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Keynesian Economics - Postwar Keynesianism
After Keynes, Keynesian analysis was combined with classical economics to produce what is generally termed "the neoclassical synthesis" w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Keynesian Economics: Encyclopedia Ii - Keynesian Economics - The Critique Of Keynesianism
The strength of Keynesianism's influence can be seen by the wave of economists who have based their analysis on a critique of Keynesianis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anarchism And Capitalism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anarchism And Capitalism - Historical Critique
Anarchism and capitalism - Objections to the Idea of Profit. Anarchists point to profit to be the driving motive of capitalists. If a p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anarchism And Capitalism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anarchism And Capitalism - Contemporary Critiques
Some of the anarchist critiques from writers of the 18th and 19th century have been retained, but with new techniques of historical analy...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Labor-power: Encyclopedia Ii - Labor-power - Labour Power And Labour Market Flexibilisation
The commercial value of human labor power is strongly linked to the assertion of human needs by workers as citizens. It is not simply a q...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economy Of Moldova: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of Moldova - Informal Market
Transparency International's 2004 score for Moldova is 2.3. Therefore, Moldova's informal market score is 4 in 2005. ... See also:Econ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Child Support: Encyclopedia Ii - Child Support - Legal Theory
In most jurisdictions there is no need for the parents to be married, and only paternity and/or maternity (filiation) need to be demonstr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Child Support: Encyclopedia Ii - Child Support - Different Jurisdictions
In some jurisdictions the privilege of visitation (or access) is tied to child support. If the custodial parent refuses to allow the non-...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Child Support: Encyclopedia Ii - Child Support - Dead-beat Parents
Non-custodial parents who avoid their child support obligations are often termed dead-beat parents. This prejudicial characterization of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Child Support: Encyclopedia Ii - Child Support - Child Support And Welfare
Since enactment in 1996 of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), a major impetus to collection of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Labour Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - Labour Movement - History
In Europe the labour movement began during the industrial revolution, when agricultural jobs declined and employment moved to more indust...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Men's Rights: Encyclopedia Ii - Men's Rights - History
The legal concept of rights is a complex one, with concepts of divine right, individual rights, natural rights and social rights beyond t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Romanian Heads Of State From The Unification Of 1859
Principalty of Romania Kingdom of Romania People's Republic of Romania Socialist Republic of Romania (from 1965, Aug 21) Republic of Roma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Largest Cities
Source: National Institute of Statistics, 2002 Census Unofficially, sociologists say that in its 228 km², Bucharest has more than 3.5 m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Romanian Heads Of State From The Unification Of 1859
Principalty of Romania Kingdom of Romania Romanian People's Republic Socialist Republic Romania (from 1965, 21 August) Romania See also...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Child Support: Encyclopedia Ii - Child Support - Court Services
Some claim that requiring non-custodial parents to pay child-support creates jobs to sustain the divorce industry. They point out that fa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Labor-power: Encyclopedia Ii - Labor-power - Criticism Of The Concept Of Labour Power
There are four main kinds of criticism of Marx's concept. Critics have often argued that Marx's definition of labour-power, and how its ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Labor-power: Encyclopedia Ii - Labor-power - Definition
Marx introduces the concept in chapter 6 of the first volume of Das Kapital, as follows: "By labour-power or capacity for labour is to be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Labor-power: Encyclopedia Ii - Labor-power - Labor-power Versus Labour
According to Marx, there is a clear distinction between labor and labor-power'. "Labor" refers to the actual activity or effort of produc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Labor-power: Encyclopedia Ii - Labor-power - Value Of Labour-power
Labour power is a peculiar commodity, because it is an attribute of living persons, who own it themselves. Because they own it, they cann...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Labor-power: Encyclopedia Ii - Labor-power - Consumption Of Labor Power
When labor power has been purchased and an employment contract signed, normally it is not yet paid for. First, labor power must be put to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Labor-power: Encyclopedia Ii - Labor-power - Reproduction Of Labor Power
Marx himself argued that: "The maintenance and reproduction of the working-class is, and must ever be, a necessary condition to the repro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Men's Rights: Encyclopedia Ii - Men's Rights - Structure
Like most social movements, those concerned with men's rights contain a wide variety of individuals and organizations, both united and di...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Men's Rights: Encyclopedia Ii - Men's Rights - Issues
Within the larger context of human rights, men's rights advocates are concerned with many of the same general issues as proponent's of wo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Men's Rights: Encyclopedia Ii - Men's Rights - Criticism
As with many social movements, some of the strongest criticisms of men's groups comes from other groups and activists. Feminists or pro-f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economy Of Moldova: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of Moldova - Overview
Moldova is the second smallest of the former Soviet republics and the most densely populated. Industry accounts for only 20% of its labor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economy Of Moldova: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of Moldova - Currently
One of Europe's poorest nations, the Republic of Moldova has resisted pursuing the types of reforms that have vastly improved the econom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economy Of Moldova: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of Moldova - Banking And Finance
There are no official barriers to founding foreign banks or branches in Moldova. The central bank has increased the minimum capital requi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economy Of Moldova: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of Moldova - Statistics
Investment (gross fixed): 17.1% of GDP (2004 est.) Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.2% highest 10%: 30....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Name
Main article: Etymology of Romania The name of Romania (România) comes from Român (Romanian) which is a derivative of the word Romanus ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - History
Main article: History of Romania In 513 BC, south of the Danube, the tribal confederation of the Getae were defeated by Darius during his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Politics
Main article: Politics of Romania Romania is a democratic republic. The legislative branch of the Romanian government consists of two cha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Geography
Main article: Geography of Romania A large part of Romania's borders with Serbia and Bulgaria is formed by the Danube. The Danube is join...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Economy
Main article: Economy of Romania After Romania's Communist regime was overthrown in late 1989, the country experienced a decade of econom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - National Holidays
The Christian holidays of Christmas and (Orthodox) Easter are celebrated (they are official, non-working, holidays). Unlike some other Ea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Sport In Romania
Romania is successful in a number of sports at international level. See also List of Romanians (sport section). The gymnast Nadia Comanec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Romania Romania - Ethnicity. Ethnic groups (Census 2001): Romanian 89.5% Hungarian 6.5% Roma 2.5% Ukrain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Culture
Main article: Culture of Romania There are many TV stations in Romania like: TVR 1, TVR 2, TVR Cultural, TVR International, PRO TV, PRO C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Gallery
Palace of Culture, Iaşi Palatul Parlamentului, Bucharest Romanian Athenaeum, Bucharest The University, Bucharest Orthodox Cathedral, Clu...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Wage And Price Controls: American History Dictionary - Wage And Price Controls
Definition and meaning of wage and price controls:   wage and price controls In 1970, Congress authorized President Nixon to ...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Dream Interpretation Wages: Dream Interpretation Dictionary - Wages
  Wages Wages, if received in dreams, brings unlooked for good to persons engaging in new enterprises. To pay out wages, denot...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Dream Interpreation Wages: Dream Interpretations Dictionary - Wages
  Dream Interpretation Wages Dreaming of a wage or salary may represent your potential in waking life. How you spend you wage o...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Dream Interpretation Dictionary Wages: Dream Interpretation - Wages
  Wages Wages, if received in dreams, brings unlooked for good to persons engaging in new enterprises. To pay out wages, denot...   » Read the article