voivodship

A castellan was the governor or caretaker of a castle or keep. The role was often part way between that of a majordomo and that of a military administrator — while a castellan was responsible for the work of a castle's domestic staff, as a majordomo was, the castellan was also often responsible for maintaining defences and protecting the castle's lands. This was particularly the case if there was no lord resident at the castle, or if the resident lord was frequently absent. In France, castellans (known in French as Châtelain ...

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 – Serbia    – Kosovo and Metohia        (UN administration)    – Vojvodina  – Montenegro The Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbian: Аутономна Покрајина Војводина/Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina, Hungarian: Vajdaság Autonóm Tartomány, Slovak: Autonómna Provincia Vojvodina, Romanian: Provincia Autonomă Voievodina, Croatian: Including:

• Vojvodina - Name
• Vojvodina - History
• Vojvodina - Geography
• Vojvodina - Districts
• Vojvodina - Cities
• Vojvodina - Demographics
• Vojvodina - Politics
• Vojvodina - Culture

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West Pomeranian Voivodship (Polish: Pomorze Zachodnie; German: Westpommern; Latin: Pomerania Occidentalis) or Zachodnie Pomorze Voivodship (Polish: województwo zachodniopomorskie) is an administrative region or voivodship in northwestern Poland. It borders on Lubusz, Wielkopolska and Pomorze voivodships. It was established January 1, 1999, out of the former Szczecin, Koszalin, and parts of other, neighboring, voivodships pursuant to the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998. The voivodship's name ...

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Szlachta - Etymology. The Polish word "szlachta" (meaning the "gentle class" or "noble class", an untranslatable term essentially encompassing the idea of gentility or nobility of blood, and treating the English words gentry and nobility as roughly coterminous: a specific nobleman was a "szlachcic," a noblewoman was a "szlachcianka"). Early Polish historians thought it may derive from the name of the legendary proto-Polish chief, Lech, mentioned in Polish and Czech writings. "Szlachta" is thought by some simply t ...

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Szlachta, Szlachta - History, Szlachta - Etymology, Szlachta - Origins, Szlachta - Szlachta rise to power, Szlachta - Transformation into aristocracy, Szlachta - Szlachta culture, Szlachta - Heraldry, Szlachta - Sarmatism, Szlachta - Religious beliefs

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Seat of the Voivodship Governor (Wojewoda): Lwów Regional Sejmik (sejmik generalny) for all Ruthene lands Sądowa Wisznia Seats of Regional Sejmik (sejmik poselski i deputacki): Lwów Halicz Sądowa Wisznia P ...

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Ruthenian Voivodship, Ruthenian Voivodship - Municipal government, Ruthenian Voivodship - Administrative division:, Ruthenian Voivodship - Voivods, Ruthenian Voivodship - Neighboring Voivodships and regions:

Read more here: » Ruthenian Voivodship: Encyclopedia II - Ruthenian Voivodship - Municipal government

The upper chamber of the First Republic's Sejm (parliament, or diet) was the Senat. It comprised bishops, voivods, castellans and ministers. The list of dignitaries eligible for the Senat had been finalized when, in the Union of Lublin (1569), the Kingdom of Poland had been transformed into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The most important of all officials was the Primate, Archbishop of Gniezno. Since 1572, the first time Poland had no king, he was the interrex - acted as the head of the state until new king was elected. H ...

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Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Senatorial Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Senatorial Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Central not Senat-related officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Court Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Court Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Military Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Military Officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - District Offices, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Crown, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Lithuania, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Prussia, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Borough and judicial officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Borough and judicial officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Town and village officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - List of Town and village officials, Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Other

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People in Samogitia speak Samogitian, a dialect of Lithuanian previously considered to be one of the four main dialects (because of Soviet oversimplification of the categorisation of Lithuanian ethnic dialects). However, it is now generally accepted that Samogitian is one of two dialects, the other being Aukštaitian, and that both of these dialects have 3 subdialects each. Samogitian has northern and southern subdialects (which are further subdivided). A western subdialect once existed, but became extinct after World War II as inhabitants f ...

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Samogitia, Samogitia - Geography, Samogitia - Demographics and language, Samogitia - History, Samogitia - Politics, Samogitia - Symbols

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Sejmiks were held usually on an large, open field. There were three kinds of sejmik: general (Polish: generalny, latin conventiones generales), held in western Poland (Greater Poland, Polish: Wielkopolska) at Kolo, in southern Poland (Little Poland, Polish: Małopolska) at Nowe Miasto Korczyn, in Mazovia (Polish: Mazowswze) at Warsaw, in Red Ruthenia at Sadowa Wisznia, and in Lithuania at Volkovysk. The general sejmiks were composed of delegates elected at the provincial sejmiks. Their goal was ...

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Sejmik, Sejmik - History, Sejmik - Features

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Originally it was related to a certain territory between Western Bug and Wieprz rivers. Its Polish name was Ziemia czerwieńska, or "Czerwień Land" by the name of Cherven, a town that existed there. (Today there are several towns with this name, none of them related to Red Ruthenia). This area was mentioned first time in 981, when Volodymyr the Great of Kyivan Rus took the area over on the way inside Poland. In 1018 it returned to Poland, 1031 back to Rus, in 1340 Casimir III of Poland recovered it. Since these times the name ...

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Red Ruthenia, Red Ruthenia - History, Red Ruthenia - Administrative division 14th century-1772, Red Ruthenia - The Ruthenian Voivodship, Red Ruthenia - The Bełz Voivodship

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In the 16th century, the Kingdom was so gravely impacted by Ottoman conquest that its territory was reduced to almost a third of its previous size. By 1541, the remaining part was renamed Royal Hungary and ruled by the Habsburgs. Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - Captaincies 1547 - around 1700. In 1547, Royal Hungary was divided for military and partly also administrative purposes in two captaincies-general (Hungarian: főkapitányságok, Slovak: hlavné kapitanáty): Cisdanubia (l ...

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Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - Notes, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - Around 1074, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - Counties, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - Frontier counties, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - 15th century, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - Counties, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - Special status, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - Free royal towns and the mining towns Liberae regiae civitate et civitates montanae, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - 16th-18th century, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - Captaincies 1547 - around 1700, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - Counties 17th - 18th century, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - Free districts Circuli/Districtus liberi, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - Free royal towns and the mining towns Liberae regiae civitate et civitates montanae, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - Temporary administrative divisions 1785-1790, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - After the 1848/1849 Revolution, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - 1849-1860, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - 1860-1867, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - 1867 - 1918, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - Rural Counties, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - Towns with municipal rights, Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - Fiume Rijeka

Read more here: » Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary: Encyclopedia II - Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary - 16th-18th century

Before 1426 a wooden hunting manor for king Władysław Jagiełło was built in the middle of the Białowieża Forest on the Lutownia stream. It was most probably one of the first permanent settlements in the area, although the forest was already penetrated by hunters from the nearby areas and by the king himself who used to hunt there. The wooden manor was painted in white and became the namesake both for the future village and the forest (Białowieża means White Tower in Polish). Since 1538 the forest was protected by laws o ...

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Białowieża, Białowieża - Geographic location, Białowieża - History, Białowieża - Sites of interest

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Masuria - Old Prussians. By the 13th century, Masuria was inhabited by the Baltic Old Prussians in the lands of Pomesania, Pogesania, Galindia and Bartia, Sudovia, and Galindia. In the southern latter two regions, dense wilderness existed longer than in most of Europe, enabling moose, aurochs, bears, and other mammals to survive. It is estimated that around 220,000 Old Prussians lived in the territory in 1200. During the Baltic or Northern Crusades of the 13th century the Old Prussians used this remaining wildern ...

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Masuria, Masuria - History, Masuria - Old Prussians, Masuria - Polish sovereignty, Masuria - Kingdom of Prussia, Masuria - Nazi Germany, Masuria - Polish Masuria, Masuria - Landscape, Masuria - Main cities, Masuria - Notes

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The modern city of Hrodna originates with a small fortress and a fortified trading outpost founded by Ruthenian princes at the end of the 11th century. Located on the crossing of numerous trading routes, the settlement flourished and in 12th and 13th centuries it was a capital of a separate principality. This town was center of Cherno-Russia ("Black Rus") until the early 13th century. However, in 1240 it was completely destroyed by Tatars. Both the principality and the city lost most of their wealth and in 1376 the area became par ...

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Hrodna, Hrodna - History, Hrodna - Governance timeline, Hrodna - Related pages

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Olecko (German: Marggrabowa since 1560, also Oletzko, Treuburg since 1928) is a town in Masuria, in the Warminsko-Mazurskie voivodship of Poland, near Elk and Suwalki. It is situated at the mouth of the Lega river into the Great Olecko Lake (Jezioro Oleckie Wielkie) on its south-western shore. Olecko - History. Marggrabowa was founded as a town by Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Duke of Duke of Prussia, on January 1, 1560. The town's name comes from the German word ...

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Olecko, Olecko - Olecko town, Olecko - History, Olecko - Sights, Olecko - Transportation, Olecko - Education, Olecko - Olecko district, Olecko - History, Olecko - Administrative Structure, Olecko - Population

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Oliwa is currently a part of the Northern Polish city of Gdańsk. It is bordered on the east by the Zatoka Gdańska (Bay of Gdańsk), on the north by the town of Sopot, on the south by the borroughs of Wrzeszcz and Zaspa and on the west by the chain of hills and forest surrounding Gdańsk. Except for the 'old city' Oliwa encompasses the borroughs of Polanki, Jelitkowo, Przymorze and Zabianka. ...

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Oliwa, Oliwa - History, Oliwa - Origins, Oliwa - Recent History, Oliwa - Important dates and key events during Oliwa's history:

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Transylvania - Ancient History: The heartland of the Dacian state. Main article: The Ancient History of Transylvania Part of the area now constituting Transylvania was the political center of Dacia. The Dacians are often mentioned under Augustus, according to whom they were compelled to recognize Roman supremacy. However they were by no means subdued, and in later times seized every opportunity of crossing the frozen Danube during winter and ravaging the Roman cities in the recently acquired Roman p ...

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Transylvania, Transylvania - Geography, Transylvania - Economy, Transylvania - Population, Transylvania - Etymology, Transylvania - History, Transylvania - Ancient History: The heartland of the Dacian state, Transylvania - Early Middle Ages: From Dacia to the Great Migrations, Transylvania - Late Middle Ages: Transylvania as part of the Kingdom of Hungary, Transylvania - Transylvania as an independent principality, Transylvania - The Austrian Rule 1711-1867, Transylvania - Transylvania as part of Romania, Transylvania - Historical population, Transylvania - Historical coat of arms of Transylvania, Transylvania - Tourist attractions, Transylvania - Culture

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Arable land constitutes around 60 % of the total area of the region – most of which is ploughland (around 40 %), forests, meadows and pastures. Over 120 thousand farms are registered, the majority of which – around 50% - are small farms of the size of 1-5 ha and medium-sized farms of 5 – 10 ha. The small ones prefer intensive production (gardening, orcharding), whereas the large ones – cattle and crop production. The cattle-ra ...

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Podlasie Voivodship, Podlasie Voivodship - Major cities and towns, Podlasie Voivodship - Podlasie Voivodship counties, Podlasie Voivodship - Economy, Podlasie Voivodship - Agriculture, Podlasie Voivodship - Landscape assets, Podlasie Voivodship - Most popular surnames in the region, Podlasie Voivodship - Official seal of Podlasie Voivodship

Read more here: » Podlasie Voivodship: Encyclopedia II - Podlasie Voivodship - Agriculture

The city of Przemyśl appears to have been founded as early as the 8th century. One explanation, possibly legendary, was that the city was founded by a Duke from what would become central Poland, named Przemysł. The area afterwards became a part of the Great Moravian state. Archeological remains testify to the presence of the monastic settlement as early as the 9th century. Upon the invasion of the Hungarian tribes into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the White Croats of the area declared their allegiance to Kiev, capital ...

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Przemyśl, Przemyśl - History of Przemysl, Przemyśl - Education, Przemyśl - Politics, Przemyśl - Krosno/Przemysl constituency

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Transylvania - Ancient History: Transylvania as the heartland of the Dacian state. Herodotus gives an account of the Agathyrsi, who lived in Transylvania during the 5th century BC. A kingdom of Dacia was in existence at least as early as the beginning of the 2nd century BC under a king, Oroles. Under Burebista, the greatest king of Dacia and a contemporary of Julius Caesar, the Dacian kingdom reached its maximum extent. The area now constituting Transyl ...

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Transylvania, Transylvania - Geography, Transylvania - Economy, Transylvania - Population, Transylvania - Etymology, Transylvania - History, Transylvania - Ancient History: Transylvania as the heartland of the Dacian state, Transylvania - Early Middle Ages: From Dacia to the Great Migrations, Transylvania - Late Middle Ages: Transylvania as part of the Kingdom of Hungary, Transylvania - Transylvania as an independent principality, Transylvania - Austrian Rule and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Transylvania - Transylvania as part of Romania, Transylvania - Historical population, Transylvania - Coat of arms of Transylvania, Transylvania - Tourist attractions, Transylvania - Culture

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The term stems itself from the Slavic roots voi (warrior) and ved'- meaning to lead. Because of evolution of the Slavic languages, in modern times the term could be rendered vajda, vojvod, vojvoda, wojwod, wojewoda (Polish), voivode, voivoda, Voievod, воевода (Russian), voyevoda, војвода (Serbian) or voyvoda. Originally the term was almost equal to Anglo-Saxon term warlord and shared etymology with Latin term dux (whi ...

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Voivod, Voivod - Etymology, Voivod - History, Voivod - Voivods in Romania, Voivod - Voivods

Read more here: » Voivod: Encyclopedia II - Voivod - Etymology