Viticulture

Viticulture (from the Latin word for vine) refers to the cultivation of grapes, often for use in the production of wine. It is one branch of the science of horticulture. By practice, viticulture is the science, production and study of grapes which deals with the series of events that occur in the vineyard. A viticulturalist's calendar includes studying the grapes being picked and transported to the winery, vine pruning during the winter months, ploughing soil to aerate and uncover the base of the vines, budburst a ...

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The Latin words hortus (garden plant) and cultura (culture) together form horticulture, classically defined as the culture or growing of garden plants. Horticulturists work in plant propagation, crop production, plant breeding and genetic engineering, plant biochemistry, plant physiology, and the storage, processing, and transportation of fruits, berries, nuts, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs, and turf. They improve crop yield, quality, nutritional value, and resistance to insects, diseases, and environmental stresses. Genetics is also used as a valuable tool in the development of plants that can synthesize ...

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Cuyo is the name given to the wine-producing, mountainous area of north-west Argentina, comprising the provinces of San Juan, San Luis and Mendoza. Cuyo has some of the most popular tourist attractions in Argentina and the highest mountains in the Andes, including Aconcagua itself, the highest peak outside Asia, and the Ischigualasto Provincial Park. The soil is arid and reddish, crossed by few rivers. Most of the rivers are fed by the thawing of snow on the peaks, and their volume of water increases considerably in spring. The Desaguadero River is the main collector, receiving waters from the Bermejo, ...

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Wine is an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting grapes or grape juice. Wine-like beverages can also be made from other fruits or from flowers, grains, and even honey; in such cases, however, a qualifier is often legally required (e.g., "elderberry wine" ). The English word wine and its equivalents in other languages are protected by law in many jurisdictions. This article is about grape wine. For non-grape wines, see country wine for fruit and flower wine, barley wine (which is similar to beer), sake for r ...

Including:

• Wine - History
• Wine - Wine-producing regions
• Wine - Wine grape varieties
• Wine - Classification of wine
• Wine - By vinification methods
• Wine - By taste
• Wine - By vintage
• Wine - Collectible wines
• Wine - Types of wines
• Wine - Wine names
• Wine - Regional wine names
• Wine - Uses of wine
• Wine - Medical implications
• Wine - List of other wine-related subjects
• Wine - Wine-based drinks
• Wine - Wine-related objects
• Wine - Professions
• Wine - Blind wine tasting
• Wine - Prominent personalities
• Wine - Vineyards and distributors
• Wine - Films & TV

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This article is the current Spanish Translation of the Week. Please help in translating this page if you can. The original article was at es:Gastronomía de España Techniques - Utensils Weights and measures Spices and Herbs Sauces - Soups - Desserts Cheese - Pasta - Bread Other ingredients Africa - Asia - Caribbean South Asian - Latin America Middle East - The West Other cuisines... Famous chefs< ...

Including:

• Spanish cuisine - Main components of Spanish cuisine
• Spanish cuisine - History
• Spanish cuisine - Roman cuisine
• Spanish cuisine - Cuisine in each region
• Spanish cuisine - Chefs
• Spanish cuisine - Spanish Gourmands

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Inadvertently introduced to Europe in 1860 on imported North American vinestocks, Phylloxera wiped out a significant portion of European wine grapes in the mid-to-late 1800s. Phylloxera is native to the U.S., and native grape species there are at least partially resistant. The European wine grape Vitis vinifera is very susceptible, so when the pest was introduced in Europe it devastated the wine growing industry. Areas with sandy soils were spared, and the spread was slowed in dry climates, but gradually the aphid was everywhere. A hu ...

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Phylloxera, Phylloxera - Fighting the Phylloxera plague, Phylloxera - External link

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The Little Ice Age brought bitterly cold winters to many parts of the world, but is most thoroughly documented in Europe and North America. In the mid-17th century, glaciers in the Swiss Alps advanced, gradually engulfing farms and crushing entire villages. The River Thames and the canals and rivers of the Netherlands often froze over during the winter, and people skated and even held frost fairs on the ice. In the winter of 1780, New York Harbor froze, allowing people to walk from Manhattan to Staten Island. Sea ice surrounding Iceland exte ...

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Little Ice Age, Little Ice Age - Dating of the Little Ice Age, Little Ice Age - Northern Hemisphere, Little Ice Age - Depictions of winter in European painting, Little Ice Age - Southern Hemisphere, Little Ice Age - Climate patterns, Little Ice Age - Causes, Little Ice Age - Solar activity, Little Ice Age - Volcanic activity, Little Ice Age - End of Little Ice Age

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Wine - By vinification methods. Wines may be classified by vinification methods. These include classifications such as sparkling, still, fortified, rosé, and blush. The colour of wine is not determined by the juice of the grape, which is almost always clear, but rather by the presence or absence of the grape skin during fermentation. Grapes with colored juice are known as teinturiers, such as alicante bouchet. Red wine is made from red (or black) grapes, but its red colour is bestowed by the skin being left in c ...

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Wine, Wine - Etymology, Wine - Early history, Wine - Egypt, Wine - Wine-producing regions, Wine - Wine grape varieties, Wine - Classification of wine, Wine - By vinification methods, Wine - By taste, Wine - By vintage, Wine - By wine style, Wine - By quality, Wine - Wine names, Wine - Regional wine names, Wine - Uses of wine, Wine - Medical implications, Wine - List of other wine-related subjects, Wine - Wine-based drinks, Wine - Wine-related objects, Wine - Professions, Wine - Blind wine tasting, Wine - Prominent personalities, Wine - Vineyards and distributors, Wine - Films & TV

Read more here: » Wine: Encyclopedia II - Wine - Classification of wine

Wine - By vinification methods. Wines may be classified by vinification methods. These include classifications such as sparkling, still, fortified, rosé, and blush. The colour of wine is not determined by the juice of the grape, which is almost always clear, but rather by the presence or absence of the grape skin during fermentation. Grapes with colored juice are known as teinturiers. Red wine is made from red (or black) grapes, but its red colour is bestowed by the skin being left in contact with the juice duri ...

See also:

Wine, Wine - History, Wine - Wine-producing regions, Wine - Wine grape varieties, Wine - Classification of wine, Wine - By vinification methods, Wine - By taste, Wine - By vintage, Wine - Collectible wines, Wine - Types of wines, Wine - Wine names, Wine - Regional wine names, Wine - Uses of wine, Wine - Medical implications, Wine - List of other wine-related subjects, Wine - Wine-based drinks, Wine - Wine-related objects, Wine - Professions, Wine - Blind wine tasting, Wine - Prominent personalities, Wine - Vineyards and distributors, Wine - Films & TV

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Little is known of the prehistory of wine. It is plausible that early foragers and farmers made alcoholic beverages from wild fruits, including wild grapes (Vitis sylvestris). This would have been easier following the development of pottery vessels in the later Neolithic of the Near East, about 9000 years ago. However, wild grapes are small and sour, and relatively rare at archaeological sites. It is unlikely they could h ...

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Wine, Wine - Etymology, Wine - Early history, Wine - Egypt, Wine - Wine-producing regions, Wine - Wine grape varieties, Wine - Classification of wine, Wine - By vinification methods, Wine - By taste, Wine - By vintage, Wine - By wine style, Wine - By quality, Wine - Wine names, Wine - Regional wine names, Wine - Uses of wine, Wine - Medical implications, Wine - List of other wine-related subjects, Wine - Wine-based drinks, Wine - Wine-related objects, Wine - Professions, Wine - Blind wine tasting, Wine - Prominent personalities, Wine - Vineyards and distributors, Wine - Films & TV

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Wine is usually made from one or more varieties of the European species, Vitis vinifera. When one of these varieties, such as Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, or Merlot, for example, is used as the predominant grape (usually defined by law as a minimum of 75 or 85%) the result is a varietal, as opposed to a blended wine. Blended wines are in no way inferior to varietal wines; indeed, some of the world's most valued and expensive wines from the Bordeaux, Rioja or Tuscany regions, are a blend of several grape varieties of the same vintage. < ...

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Wine, Wine - Etymology, Wine - Early history, Wine - Egypt, Wine - Wine-producing regions, Wine - Wine grape varieties, Wine - Classification of wine, Wine - By vinification methods, Wine - By taste, Wine - By vintage, Wine - By wine style, Wine - By quality, Wine - Wine names, Wine - Regional wine names, Wine - Uses of wine, Wine - Medical implications, Wine - List of other wine-related subjects, Wine - Wine-based drinks, Wine - Wine-related objects, Wine - Professions, Wine - Blind wine tasting, Wine - Prominent personalities, Wine - Vineyards and distributors, Wine - Films & TV

Read more here: » Wine: Encyclopedia II - Wine - Wine grape varieties

The health effects of wine (and alcohol in general) are the subject of considerable ongoing debate and study. In the USA, a boom in red wine consumption was touched off in the 1990s by '60 Minutes', and other news reports on the French paradox. It now seems clear that regular consumption of up to 1-2 drinks a day (1 standard drink is approximately equal to 5 oz, or 125 ml, of 13% wine) does reduce mortality, due to 10%–40% lower risk of coronary heart disease, for those over the age of 35 or so (see Alcohol consumption and health). ...

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Wine, Wine - Etymology, Wine - Early history, Wine - Egypt, Wine - Wine-producing regions, Wine - Wine grape varieties, Wine - Classification of wine, Wine - By vinification methods, Wine - By taste, Wine - By vintage, Wine - By wine style, Wine - By quality, Wine - Wine names, Wine - Regional wine names, Wine - Uses of wine, Wine - Medical implications, Wine - List of other wine-related subjects, Wine - Wine-based drinks, Wine - Wine-related objects, Wine - Professions, Wine - Blind wine tasting, Wine - Prominent personalities, Wine - Vineyards and distributors, Wine - Films & TV

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Wine - Wine-based drinks. List of cocktails with wine Brandy: A general term for distilled wine. Calimocho: A cheap alcoholic drink, comprising 50% red wine and 50% cola drink. Mulled wine (known in Scandinavia as Glögg and in Germany as Glühwein): A red wine, combined with spices, and usually served hot. Sangria Spanish: A wine punch, comprising red wine, chopped fruits, sugar, and a small amount of brandy or other spirits. Spritzer: A tall, chilled drink, usu ...

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Wine, Wine - Etymology, Wine - Early history, Wine - Egypt, Wine - Wine-producing regions, Wine - Wine grape varieties, Wine - Classification of wine, Wine - By vinification methods, Wine - By taste, Wine - By vintage, Wine - By wine style, Wine - By quality, Wine - Wine names, Wine - Regional wine names, Wine - Uses of wine, Wine - Medical implications, Wine - List of other wine-related subjects, Wine - Wine-based drinks, Wine - Wine-related objects, Wine - Professions, Wine - Blind wine tasting, Wine - Prominent personalities, Wine - Vineyards and distributors, Wine - Films & TV

Read more here: » Wine: Encyclopedia II - Wine - List of other wine-related subjects

Wine is a popular and important beverage that accompanies and enhances a wide range of European and Mediterranean-style cuisines, from the simple and traditional to the most sophisticated and complex. Red, white and sparkling wines are the most popular, and are also known as light wines, because they only contain approximately 10-14% alcohol. The apéritif and dessert wines contain 14-20% alcohol, and are fortified to make them richer and sweeter than the light wines. Although there are many classes of dinner wines, they can be categorized u ...

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Wine, Wine - Etymology, Wine - Early history, Wine - Egypt, Wine - Wine-producing regions, Wine - Wine grape varieties, Wine - Classification of wine, Wine - By vinification methods, Wine - By taste, Wine - By vintage, Wine - By wine style, Wine - By quality, Wine - Wine names, Wine - Regional wine names, Wine - Uses of wine, Wine - Medical implications, Wine - List of other wine-related subjects, Wine - Wine-based drinks, Wine - Wine-related objects, Wine - Professions, Wine - Blind wine tasting, Wine - Prominent personalities, Wine - Vineyards and distributors, Wine - Films & TV

Read more here: » Wine: Encyclopedia II - Wine - Uses of wine

Wines are usually named either by their grape variety or by their place of production. Generally speaking, Old World (European) wines are named for the place of production, with the grapes used often not appearing on the label. New World wines (those from everywhere except Europe) are generally named for the grape variety. More and more, however, market recognition of particular regions and wineries is leading to their increased prominence on New World wine labels. Examples of recognized locales include:Napa Valley, Russian River Valley, Wil ...

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Wine, Wine - Etymology, Wine - Early history, Wine - Egypt, Wine - Wine-producing regions, Wine - Wine grape varieties, Wine - Classification of wine, Wine - By vinification methods, Wine - By taste, Wine - By vintage, Wine - By wine style, Wine - By quality, Wine - Wine names, Wine - Regional wine names, Wine - Uses of wine, Wine - Medical implications, Wine - List of other wine-related subjects, Wine - Wine-based drinks, Wine - Wine-related objects, Wine - Professions, Wine - Blind wine tasting, Wine - Prominent personalities, Wine - Vineyards and distributors, Wine - Films & TV

Read more here: » Wine: Encyclopedia II - Wine - Wine names

Wine grapes grow almost exclusively between thirty and fifty degrees north or south of the Equator. The world's most southerly vineyards are in the South Island of New Zealand near the 45th parallel. Grapevines prefer a relatively long growing season of 100 days or more with warm daytime temperatures (no greater than 95°F/35°C) and cool nights (a difference of 40°F/23°C or more). The 13 largest export nations (2005 dates) – Italy, France, Spain, Australia, Chile, the United States of America, Germany, South Africa, Portugal, Mol ...

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Wine, Wine - History, Wine - Wine-producing regions, Wine - Wine grape varieties, Wine - Classification of wine, Wine - By vinification methods, Wine - By taste, Wine - By vintage, Wine - Collectible wines, Wine - Types of wines, Wine - Wine names, Wine - Regional wine names, Wine - Uses of wine, Wine - Medical implications, Wine - List of other wine-related subjects, Wine - Wine-based drinks, Wine - Wine-related objects, Wine - Professions, Wine - Blind wine tasting, Wine - Prominent personalities, Wine - Vineyards and distributors, Wine - Films & TV

Read more here: » Wine: Encyclopedia II - Wine - Wine-producing regions

Wine grapes grow almost exclusively between thirty and fifty degrees north or south of the Equator. The world's most southerly vineyards are in the South Island of New Zealand near the 45th parallel. Grapevines prefer a relatively long growing season of 100 days or more with warm daytime temperatures (no greater than 95°F/35°C) and cool nights (a difference of 40°F/23°C or more). The 13 largest export nations (2005 dates) – Italy, France, Spain, Australia, Chile, the United States of America, Germany, South Africa, Portugal, Mol ...

See also:

Wine, Wine - Etymology, Wine - Early history, Wine - Egypt, Wine - Wine-producing regions, Wine - Wine grape varieties, Wine - Classification of wine, Wine - By vinification methods, Wine - By taste, Wine - By vintage, Wine - By wine style, Wine - By quality, Wine - Wine names, Wine - Regional wine names, Wine - Uses of wine, Wine - Medical implications, Wine - List of other wine-related subjects, Wine - Wine-based drinks, Wine - Wine-related objects, Wine - Professions, Wine - Blind wine tasting, Wine - Prominent personalities, Wine - Vineyards and distributors, Wine - Films & TV

Read more here: » Wine: Encyclopedia II - Wine - Wine-producing regions

Scientists have identified two causes of the Little Ice Age from outside the ocean/atmosphere/land systems: decreased solar activity and increased volcanic activity. Research is ongoing on more ambiguous influences such as internal variability of the climate system, and anthropogenic influence (Ruddiman). Some have also speculated that depopulation of Europe during the Black Death and the resulting decrease in agricultural outp ...

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Little Ice Age, Little Ice Age - Dating of the Little Ice Age, Little Ice Age - Northern Hemisphere, Little Ice Age - Depictions of winter in European painting, Little Ice Age - Southern Hemisphere, Little Ice Age - Climate patterns, Little Ice Age - Causes, Little Ice Age - Solar activity, Little Ice Age - Volcanic activity, Little Ice Age - End of Little Ice Age

Read more here: » Little Ice Age: Encyclopedia II - Little Ice Age - Causes

Wines are usually named either by their grape variety or by their place of production. Generally speaking, Old World (European) wines are named for the place of production, with the grapes used often not appearing on the label. New World wines(those from everywhere except Europe) are generally named for the grape variety. More and more, however, market recognition of particular regions and wineries is leading to their increased prominence on New World wine labels. Examples of recognized locales include:Napa Valley, Russian River Valley, Will ...

See also:

Wine, Wine - History, Wine - Wine-producing regions, Wine - Wine grape varieties, Wine - Classification of wine, Wine - By vinification methods, Wine - By taste, Wine - By vintage, Wine - Collectible wines, Wine - Types of wines, Wine - Wine names, Wine - Regional wine names, Wine - Uses of wine, Wine - Medical implications, Wine - List of other wine-related subjects, Wine - Wine-based drinks, Wine - Wine-related objects, Wine - Professions, Wine - Blind wine tasting, Wine - Prominent personalities, Wine - Vineyards and distributors, Wine - Films & TV

Read more here: » Wine: Encyclopedia II - Wine - Wine names

Wine is a popular and important beverage that accompanies and enhances a wide range of European and Mediterranean-style cuisines, from the simple and traditional to the most sophisticated and complex. Red, white and sparkling wines are the most popular, and are also known as light wines, because they only contain approximately 10-14% alcohol. The apéritif and dessert wines contain 14-20% alcohol, and are fortified to make them richer and sweeter than the light wines. Although there are many classes of dinner wines, they can be categorized u ...

See also:

Wine, Wine - History, Wine - Wine-producing regions, Wine - Wine grape varieties, Wine - Classification of wine, Wine - By vinification methods, Wine - By taste, Wine - By vintage, Wine - Collectible wines, Wine - Types of wines, Wine - Wine names, Wine - Regional wine names, Wine - Uses of wine, Wine - Medical implications, Wine - List of other wine-related subjects, Wine - Wine-based drinks, Wine - Wine-related objects, Wine - Professions, Wine - Blind wine tasting, Wine - Prominent personalities, Wine - Vineyards and distributors, Wine - Films & TV

Read more here: » Wine: Encyclopedia II - Wine - Uses of wine