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viscosity | A Wisdom Archive on viscosity | | viscosity A selection of articles related to viscosity | |
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viscosity, Viscosity, Viscosity - <i>Can solids have a viscosity?</i>, Viscosity - Bibliography, Viscosity - Bulk viscosity, Viscosity - Eddy viscosity, Viscosity - Etymology, Viscosity - Fluidity, Viscosity - Measurement of viscosity, Viscosity - Molecular origins, Viscosity - Newton's theory, Viscosity - Viscosity of some common materials, Viscosity - Gases, Viscosity - Liquids, Viscosity - Units, Thixotropy, Dilatant, Viscosity Index
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO viscosity | | | |  viscosity: Encyclopedia II - Petroleum - Origin
Petroleum - Biogenic theory.
Most geologists view crude oil, like coal and natural gas, as the product of compression and heating of ancient vegetation over geological time scales. According to this theory, it is formed from the decayed remains of prehistoric marine animals and terrestrial plants. Over many centuries this organic matter, mixed with mud, is buried under thick sedimentary layers of material. The resulting high levels of heat and pressure cause the remains to metamorphose, first into a waxy material ...
See also:Petroleum, Petroleum - Origin, Petroleum - Biogenic theory, Petroleum - Abiogenic theory, Petroleum - Extraction, Petroleum - Alternate means of producing oil, Petroleum - History, Petroleum - Environmental effects, Petroleum - Future of oil, Petroleum - Classification, Petroleum - Pricing, Petroleum - Top petroleum-producing countries, Petroleum - Petroleum in Military Strategy, Petroleum - Books about the petroleum industry, Petroleum - Films about petroleum, Petroleum - Writers covering the petroleum industry Read more here: » Petroleum: Encyclopedia II - Petroleum - Origin |
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| | | | | viscosity: Encyclopedia II - Waste vegetable oil - Use in diesel engines One of the first demonstration diesel engines ran on peanut oil. However, modern diesel engines are designed to run on petrodiesel. They run poorly on unmodified vegetable oil, with a risk of damage - the fine ports of injectors can be clogged by carbon which forms from the slow or incomplete combustion of heavier fractions of vegetable oil, while the injection pump may suffer premature wear due to the fuel's relatively poor lubricating properties. Similar problems were noted when the levels of ...
See also:Waste vegetable oil, Waste vegetable oil - Animal feed, Waste vegetable oil - Use in diesel engines, Waste vegetable oil - Biodiesel, Waste vegetable oil - Straight vegetable oil, Waste vegetable oil - Home heating, Waste vegetable oil - The quantities involved, Waste vegetable oil - Related links Read more here: » Waste vegetable oil: Encyclopedia II - Waste vegetable oil - Use in diesel engines |
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| | | | | viscosity: Encyclopedia II - Epoxy - Industry Today the epoxy industry amounts to more than US$5 billion in North America and about US$15 billion world-wide. It is made up of approximately 50 - 100 manufacturers of basic or commodity epoxy resins and hardeners of which the big 3 are Resolution Polymers (formerly Shell; whose epoxy tradename is "Epon"), Dow Chemical (tradename "D.E.R."), & Huntsman Advanced Materials (formerly Ciba; tradename "Araldite"). The other 50+ smaller epoxy manufacturers primarily produce epoxies only regionally (not world-wide), produce epoxy hardeners only, produce specialty ep ...
See also:Epoxy, Epoxy - Industry, Epoxy - Paints and coatings, Epoxy - Adhesives, Epoxy - Industrial tooling and composites, Epoxy - Electrical systems and electronics, Epoxy - Consumer and marine applications Read more here: » Epoxy: Encyclopedia II - Epoxy - Industry |
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| | | | | viscosity: Encyclopedia II - Stress physics - Stress in one-dimensional bodies The idea of stress originates in two simple, but important, observations of the loading (in tension) of a one-dimensional body, for example, a steel wire.
When a wire is pulled tight, it stretches (undergoes strain). Up to a certain limit, the amount it stretches is proportional to the load divided by the cross-sectional area of the wire, σ = F/A.
Failure occurs when the load exceeds a critical value for the material, the tensile strength multiplied by the cross-sectional area ...
See also:Stress physics, Stress physics - Stress in one-dimensional bodies, Stress physics - Cauchy's principle, Stress physics - Plane stress, Stress physics - Principal stresses, Stress physics - Mohr's circle, Stress physics - Stress in three dimensions, Stress physics - Stress tensor, Stress physics - Generalized notation, Stress physics - Stress measurement, Stress physics - Units, Stress physics - Residual stress, Stress physics - Books Read more here: » Stress physics: Encyclopedia II - Stress physics - Stress in one-dimensional bodies |
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| | | | | viscosity: Encyclopedia II - Lift force - Bernoulli's principle Bernoulli's principle states that in fluid flow, an increase in velocity occurs simultaneously with decrease in pressure. It is named for the Dutch/Swiss mathematician/scientist Daniel Bernoulli, though it was previously understood by Leonhard Euler and others. For a mathematical formulation, see Bernoulli's equation. In a fluid flow with no viscosity, and therefore one in which a pressure difference is the only accelerating ...
See also:Lift force, Lift force - Reaction due to accelerated air, Lift force - Bernoulli's principle, Lift force - Circulation, Lift force - Coefficient of lift, Lift force - Coanda effect, Lift force - Common misconceptions Read more here: » Lift force: Encyclopedia II - Lift force - Bernoulli's principle |
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| | | | | viscosity: Encyclopedia II - Motor oil - Grades of motor oil
Motor oil - Single-grade motor oil.
The Society of Automotive Engineers, usually abbreviated as SAE, has established a numerical code system for grading motor oils according to their kinematic viscosity. For single-grade oils, the kinematic viscosity is measured at a reference temperature of 100 °C (212 °F) in units of mm²/s or the equivalent older non-SI units, centistokes (abbreviated cSt). Based on the range of viscosity the oil falls in at that temperature, the oil is graded as ...
See also:Motor oil, Motor oil - Use of motor oil, Motor oil - Properties of motor oil, Motor oil - Grades of motor oil, Motor oil - Single-grade motor oil, Motor oil - Multi-grade motor oil, Motor oil - Turbine motor oil, Motor oil - American Petroleum Institute, Motor oil - Maintenance, Motor oil - History of motor oils, Motor oil - Future of motor oil, Motor oil - Other additives Read more here: » Motor oil: Encyclopedia II - Motor oil - Grades of motor oil |
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| | | | | | viscosity: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon Over the decades since the 1950s, a rich technical jargon has grown around the engineering of vehicles designed to enter planetary atmospheres. Definition of the jargon is prerequisite to meaningful discussion about atmospheric reentry.
Atmospheric entry is the transition from the vacuum of space to the atmosphere of any planet or other celestial body. The term is not used for landing on bodies which have no atmosphere such as the Moon.
Atmospheric reentry refers to the return to an atmosphere previously left for ...
See also:Atmospheric reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Introduction, Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon, Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics, Atmospheric reentry - Ablative heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Actively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations, Atmospheric reentry - History's most difficult atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Notable atmospheric entry mishaps, Atmospheric reentry - Uncontrolled reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Reference books, Atmospheric reentry - Commentary about the reference books Read more here: » Atmospheric reentry: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon |
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| | | | | | | | viscosity: Encyclopedia II - Epoxy - Industry Today the epoxy industry amounts to more than US$5 billion in North America and about US$15 billion world-wide. It is made up of approximately 50 - 100 manufacturers of basic or commodity epoxy resins and hardeners of which the big 3 are Hexion (formerly Resolution Performance Products, formerly Shell Development Company; whose epoxy tradename is "Epon"), The Dow Chemical Company (tradename "D.E.R."), & Huntsman Corporation's Advanced Materials business unit (formerly Vantico, formerly Ciba Specialty Chemical; tradename "Araldite"). The ...
See also:Epoxy, Epoxy - Industry, Epoxy - Paints and coatings, Epoxy - Adhesives, Epoxy - Industrial tooling and composites, Epoxy - Electrical systems and electronics, Epoxy - Consumer and marine applications Read more here: » Epoxy: Encyclopedia II - Epoxy - Industry |
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| | | | | | viscosity: Encyclopedia II - Fluid bearing - Some fluid bearings
Fluid bearing - Foil bearings.
Foil bearings are a type of hydrodynamic bearing that was introduced in turbine applications in the 1960s.
Fluid bearing - Journal bearings.
Pressure-oiled journal bearings appear to be plain bearings but are arguably fluid bearings. For example, journal bearings in gasoline (petrol) and diesel engines pump oil at low pressure in to a large-gap area of the bearing. As the bearing rotates, oil is carried in to the working part of the bearing, where ...
See also:Fluid bearing, Fluid bearing - Operation, Fluid bearing - Characteristics and principles of operation, Fluid bearing - Some fluid bearings, Fluid bearing - Foil bearings, Fluid bearing - Journal bearings, Fluid bearing - Hockey, Fluid bearing - Kingsbury/Michell tilting-pad fluid bearings Read more here: » Fluid bearing: Encyclopedia II - Fluid bearing - Some fluid bearings |
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| | | | | viscosity: Encyclopedia II - Diesel engine - Advantages and disadvantages versus spark-ignition engines Diesel engines are more efficient than gasoline/petrol engines of the same power (a common margin is 40% more miles per gallon for an efficient turbodiesel; for example, the current model Skoda Octavia, using Volkswagen engines, has a combined Euro mpg of 38.2mpg for the 102bhp petrol engine and 53.3mpg for the 105bhp - and heavier - diesel engine), resulting in lower fuel consumption. The higher compression ratio is helpful in raising efficiency, but diesel fuel contains ...
See also:Diesel engine, Diesel engine - How diesel engines work, Diesel engine - Fuel injection in diesel engines, Diesel engine - Indirect Injection, Diesel engine - Direct injection, Diesel engine - Types of diesel engines, Diesel engine - Advantages and disadvantages versus spark-ignition engines, Diesel engine - Aircraft Airship Hovercraft and Light Engine, Diesel engine - Automobile racing, Diesel engine - Dieseling in spark-ignition engines, Diesel engine - Fuel and fluid characteristics, Diesel engine - Diesel applications, Diesel engine - Current and future developments, Diesel engine - Modern diesel facts Read more here: » Diesel engine: Encyclopedia II - Diesel engine - Advantages and disadvantages versus spark-ignition engines |
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| | | | | | | | | viscosity: Encyclopedia II - Drilling mud - Composition of drilling mud Drilling mud may consist of bentonite clay with additives such as barium sulfate or hematite. Various thickeners are used to influence the viscosity of the fluid, eg. guar gum, glycol, carboxymethylcellulose, or starch. In turn, deflocculents are used to reduce viscosity of clay-based muds; anionic polyelectrolytes (eg. acrylates, polyphosphates, lignosulfonates or tannic acid derivates (eg. Quebracho) are frequently used. Red mud was the name for a Quebracho-based mixture, named after the color of the red tannic acid salts; it was commonly used in 1940s to 19 ...
See also:Drilling mud, Drilling mud - Purpose, Drilling mud - Details of usage, Drilling mud - Composition of drilling mud, Drilling mud - Mud engineer Read more here: » Drilling mud: Encyclopedia II - Drilling mud - Composition of drilling mud |
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| | | | | viscosity: Encyclopedia II - Diesel engine - Advantages and disadvantages versus spark-ignition engines Diesel engines are more efficient than gasoline/petrol engines of the same power (a common margin is 40% more miles per gallon for an efficient turbodiesel; for example, the current model Skoda Octavia, using Volkswagen engines, has a combined Euro mpg of 38.2mpg for the 102bhp petrol engine and 53.3mpg for the 105bhp - and heavier - diesel engine), resulting in lower fuel consumption. The higher compression ratio is helpful in raising efficiency, but diesel fuel contains ...
See also:Diesel engine, Diesel engine - How diesel engines work, Diesel engine - Fuel injection in diesel engines, Diesel engine - Mechanical and Electronic Injection, Diesel engine - Indirect Injection, Diesel engine - Direct injection, Diesel engine - Types of diesel engines, Diesel engine - Advantages and disadvantages versus spark-ignition engines, Diesel engine - Aircraft Airship Hovercraft and Light Engine, Diesel engine - Automobile racing, Diesel engine - Dieseling in spark-ignition engines, Diesel engine - Fuel and fluid characteristics, Diesel engine - Diesel applications, Diesel engine - Current and future developments, Diesel engine - Modern diesel facts Read more here: » Diesel engine: Encyclopedia II - Diesel engine - Advantages and disadvantages versus spark-ignition engines |
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| | | | | viscosity: Encyclopedia II - Dimensionless number - Buckingham π-theorem According to the Buckingham π-theorem of dimensional analysis, the functional dependence between a certain number (e.g., n) of variables can be reduced by the number (e.g., k) of independent dimensions occurring in those variables to give a set of p = n − k independent, dimensionless numbers. For the purposes of the experimenter, different systems which share the same description by dimensionless numbers are equivalent ...
See also:Dimensionless number, Dimensionless number - Properties, Dimensionless number - Buckingham π-theorem, Dimensionless number - Example, Dimensionless number - List of dimensionless numbers, Dimensionless number - Dimensionless physical constants Read more here: » Dimensionless number: Encyclopedia II - Dimensionless number - Buckingham π-theorem |
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