Definition and meaning of viscosity:

viscosity - a measure of resistance to flow in a liquid

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

This is a sitemap for Oceanography - V . Click on a link and you will find multiple definitions and articles related to the word. The sitemap(s) covers over 5.184 different Oceanography terms.

vaccine, vacuole, vagile, vagility, vaginate, vagrant, valence, valid name, validated name, valve, variance, variant, variegated color pattern, vas deferens, vascular plant, vasculature, vasiform, vector, veefer, vegetal coloration, vegetal hemisphere, vegetal pole, vegetative reproduction, velarium, veliger, velocity, velum, veneer reef, venomous, vent, ventral, ventral disk, ventral fin, verhulst's law, vermetid reef, vermetid tube, vermiculation, vermiform, vermilion, vermivore, vernacular name, verruca, verrucose, versus, vertebra, vertebrate, vertical classification, vertical fin, vesiculate, vestigial structure, viable, vibraculum, vibrio, vibrotaxis, vicariant event, vicariant speciation, vice, video transect, view of kwajalein atoll, villiform, villus, violaceous, violet, viral dna, virion, viroid, virology, virtual library, virulence, virus, viscera, visceral hump, viscid egg, viscosity, visible radiation, visible wavelengths, visualization tool, vitamin, vitamin b complex, vitareef program, vitellaria larva, viviparity, vocalization, volant, volcanism, voucher specimen, vulnerable species,

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Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. At standard temperature and pressure ammonia is a gas. It is toxic and corrosive to some materials, and has a characteristic pungent odor. An ammonia molecule is not flat, but has the shape of a compressed tetrahedron known as a trigonal pyramid, as would be expected from VSEPR theory. This shape gives the molecule an overall dipole moment and makes it polar so that ammonia very readily dissolves in water. The nitrogen atom in the molecule has a lon ...

Including:

• Ammonia - History
• Ammonia - Production
• Ammonia - Properties
• Ammonia - Acidity
• Ammonia - Formation of other compounds
• Ammonia - Ammonia as a ligand
• Ammonia - Uses
• Ammonia - Liquid ammonia as a solvent
• Ammonia - Solubility of salts
• Ammonia - Solutions of metals
• Ammonia - Redox properties of liquid ammonia
• Ammonia - Detection and determination
• Ammonia - Safety precautions
• Ammonia - Toxicity
• Ammonia - Household use
• Ammonia - Laboratory use of ammonia solutions
• Ammonia - Laboratory use of anhydrous ammonia gas or liquid
• Ammonia - Reference
• Ammonia - Bibliography

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An amorphous solid is a solid in which there is no long-range order of the positions of the atoms. (Solids in which there is long-range atomic order are called crystalline solids.) Most classes of solid materials can be found or prepared in an amorphous form. For instance, common window glass is an amorphous ceramic, many polymers (such as polystyrene) are amorphous, and even foods such as cotton candy are amorphous solids. Amorphous materials are commonly prepared by rapidly cooling molten material. The cooling reduces the mob ...

Including:

• Amorphous solid - Glasses
• Amorphous solid - Metallic glass
• Amorphous solid - Other synthesis routes
• Amorphous solid - Damage
• Amorphous solid - Cold Deposition
• Amorphous solid - Toward a strict definition

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Aerodynamics is a branch of fluid dynamics concerned with the study of gas flows, first analysed by George Cayley in the 1800s. The solution of an aerodynamic problem normally involves calculating for various properties of the flow, such as velocity, pressure, density, and temperature, as a function of space and time. Understanding the flow pattern makes it possible to calculate or approximate the forces and moments acting on bodies in the flow. This mathematical analysis and empirical approximation form the scientific basis for heavier-than-ai ...

Including:

• Aerodynamics - Aerodynamic forces on aircraft
• Aerodynamics - Aerodynamics in other fields
• Aerodynamics - Continuity assumption
• Aerodynamics - Conservation laws
• Aerodynamics - Subsonic aerodynamics
• Aerodynamics - Transonic aerodynamics
• Aerodynamics - Supersonic aerodynamics

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An Archimedes number (not to be confused with Archimedes constant, π), named after the ancient Greek scientist Archimedes, to determine the motion of fluids due to density differences, is a dimensionless number in the form: where: g = gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s²), ρl = density of the fluid, ρ = density of ...

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In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by semi-random, stochastic property changes. This includes low momentum diffusion, high momentum convection, and rapid variation of pressure and velocity in space and time. Flow that is not turbulent is called laminar flow. The (dimensionless) Reynolds number characterizes whether flow conditions lead to laminar or turbulent flow; a reynolds number above a ...

Including:

• Turbulence - Examples of turbulence

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An alkane in organic chemistry is a saturated hydrocarbon without cycles, that is, an acyclic hydrocarbon in which the molecule has the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms and so has no double bonds. Alkanes are also often known as paraffins, or collectively as the paraffin series; these terms, however, are also used to apply only to alkanes whose carbon atoms form a single, unbranched chain; when this is done, branched-chain alkanes are called isoparaffins. Alkanes are aliphatic compounds. The general formu ...

Including:

• Alkane - Isomerism
• Alkane - Nomenclature of alkanes
• Alkane - Alkanes with unbranched carbon chains
• Alkane - Alkanes with branched carbon chains
• Alkane - Trivial names
• Alkane - Occurrence
• Alkane - Purification and use
• Alkane - Preparation
• Alkane - Molecular geometry
• Alkane - Bond lengths and bond angles
• Alkane - Conformation
• Alkane - Properties
• Alkane - Physical properties
• Alkane - Chemical properties
• Alkane - Thermochemistry
• Alkane - Spectroscopic properties
• Alkane - Reactions
• Alkane - Reactions with oxygen
• Alkane - Reactions with halogens
• Alkane - Cracking and reforming
• Alkane - Other reactions
• Alkane - Hazards
• Alkane - Alkanes in nature
• Alkane - Bacteria and archaea
• Alkane - Fungi and plants
• Alkane - Animals
• Alkane - Ecological relations

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Biodiesel is fuel made from renewable resources such as vegetable oils or animal fats. It is biodegradable and non-toxic, and has significantly fewer emissions than petroleum-based diesel (petro-diesel) when burned. Biodiesel functions in current diesel engines, and is a possible candidate to replace fossil fuels as the world's primary transport energy source. With a flash point of 150 °C, Biodiesel is classified as a non-flammable liquid by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. This property makes a vehicle fuele ...

Including:

• Biodiesel - History
• Biodiesel - Fuel quality standards and properties
• Biodiesel - Production
• Biodiesel - Base oils
• Biodiesel - Efficiency and economic arguments
• Biodiesel - Availability
• Biodiesel - Australia
• Biodiesel - Brazil
• Biodiesel - Belgium
• Biodiesel - Canada
• Biodiesel - Germany
• Biodiesel - India
• Biodiesel - United States

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A Bose-Einstein condensate is a phase of matter formed by bosons cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero. The first such condensate was produced by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman in 1995 at the University of Colorado at Boulder, using a gas of rubidium atoms cooled to 170 nanokelvins (nK). Under such conditions, a large fraction of the atoms collapse into the lowest quantum state. Bose-Einstein condensate - Introduction. Bose-Einstein condensates are best known to laymen as extremely low temperature ...

Including:

• Bose-Einstein condensate - Introduction
• Bose-Einstein condensate - Theory
• Bose-Einstein condensate - Discovery
• Bose-Einstein condensate - Unusual characteristics
• Bose-Einstein condensate - Current research

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The technology of atmospheric reentry was a consequence of the Cold War. Ballistic missiles and nuclear weapons were legacies of World War II left to both the Soviet Union and the United States. Both nations initiated massive research and development programs to further the military capability of those technologies. However before a missile delivered nuclear weapon could be practical there lacked an essential ingredient: an atmospheric reentry technology. In theory, the nation first developing a reentry technology had a decisive milit ...

Including:

• Atmospheric reentry - Introduction
• Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon
• Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles
• Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes
• Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics
• Atmospheric reentry - Ablative heat shields
• Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak heat shields
• Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled heat shields
• Atmospheric reentry - Actively cooled heat shields
• Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry
• Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations
• Atmospheric reentry - History's most difficult atmospheric entry
• Atmospheric reentry - Notable atmospheric entry mishaps
• Atmospheric reentry - Uncontrolled reentry
• Atmospheric reentry - Reference books
• Atmospheric reentry - Commentary about the reference books

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Bernoulli's principle states that in fluid flow, an increase in velocity occurs simultaneously with decrease in pressure. This principle is a simplification of Bernoulli's equation which states that the sum of all forms of energy in a fluid flowing along an enclosed path is the same at any two points in that path. It is named after the Dutch/Swiss mathematician/scientist Daniel Bernoulli, though it was previously understood by Leonhard Euler and others. For a mathematical formulation, see Bernoulli's equation. In a fluid flow with no ...

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The aim of this page is to list all areas of modern mathematics, with a brief explanation about their scope and links to other parts of this encyclopedia, set out in a systematic way. The way research-level mathematics is internally organised is mostly determined by practitioners, and does change over time; this is in contrast with the apparently timeless syllabus divisions used in mathematics education, where calculus can seem to be much the same over a time scale of a century. Calculus itself does not appear as a major heading — m ...

Including:

• Areas of mathematics - Foundations / general
• Areas of mathematics - Algebra
• Areas of mathematics - Analysis
• Areas of mathematics - Geometry
• Areas of mathematics - Applied mathematics
• Areas of mathematics - Probability and statistics
• Areas of mathematics - Computational sciences
• Areas of mathematics - Physical sciences
• Areas of mathematics - Non-physical sciences

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Vegetable oil or vegoil is fat extracted from plant sources, known as oil plants. Although in principle other parts of plants may yield oil, in practice seeds form the almost exclusive source. Vegetable oils are used as cooking oils and for industrial uses. Some types, such as rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, or castor oil, are not fit for human consumption without further processing. Like all fats, vegetable oils are esters of glycerin and a varying blend of fatty acids, and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic so ...

Including:

• Vegetable oil - Sources
• Vegetable oil - Extraction
• Vegetable oil - Industrial uses

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Watercolor is a painting technique using paint made of colorants suspended or dissolved in water. Although the grounds used in watercolor painting vary, the most common is paper. Others include papyrus, bark papers, plastics, leather, fabric, wood, and canvas. Watercolor painting - History of watercolor painting. Watercolor painting began with the invention of paper in China shortly after 100 AD. In the 12th century the conquering Moors introduced papermaking to Spain and the technology spread to Italy deca ...

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• Watercolor painting - History of watercolor painting
• Watercolor painting - Watercolor paint
• Watercolor painting - Techniques

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Personal lubricants are specialized lubricants used to reduce friction with the genitals or anus. Personal lubricants were originally derived from surgical lubricants designed for use during medical procedures, but are now most commonly used to provide lubrication for sexual acts, particularly where natural lubrication by vaginal fluids is not available or insufficient. Personal lubricant - Types. Personal lubricant - Water-based. Water-based personal lubricants are water solubl ...

Including:

• Personal lubricant - Types
• Personal lubricant - Water-based
• Personal lubricant - Oil-based
• Personal lubricant - Silicone-based
• Personal lubricant - Specialty
• Personal lubricant - Alternatives
• Personal lubricant - Uses
• Personal lubricant - Medicine
• Personal lubricant - Sexual intercourse
• Personal lubricant - Masturbation

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Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO) is vegetable oil that has become unfit for food preparation. The common causes of this degradation are: Chemical degradation, including oxidation. hydrogenation. Accumulation of contaminants. Its uses include: Animal feed additive. Fuel for waste-to-energy plants. Use as a biofuel, especially: As feedstock for the production of biodiesel by transesterification. As fuel for diesel engines m ...

Including:

• Waste vegetable oil - Animal feed
• Waste vegetable oil - Use in diesel engines
• Waste vegetable oil - Biodiesel
• Waste vegetable oil - Straight vegetable oil
• Waste vegetable oil - Home heating
• Waste vegetable oil - The quantities involved
• Waste vegetable oil - Related links

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The VX nerve agent is the most well-known of the V-series of nerve agents. Its chemical name is O-Ethyl-S-[2(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate. The only countries known to possess VX are the United States, Russia, France and Syria. VX agent is considered an area denial weapon due to its physical properties. With its low viscosity and low volatility VX has the texture and feel of high-grade motor oil. This makes it especially dangerous, as it has a high persistence in the environment. It is odorless and taste ...

Including:

• VX - Physical Characteristics
• VX - History
• VX - In popular culture

Read more here: » VX: Encyclopedia - VX

Wax has traditionally referred to a substance that is secreted by bees (beeswax) and used by them in constructing their honeycombs. In modern terms, wax is an imprecisely defined term generally understood to be a substance with properties similar to beeswax, namely plastic (malleable) at normal ambient temperatures a melting point above approximately 45 °C (which differentiates wa ...

Including:

• Wax - Wax types
• Wax - Animal and insect waxes
• Wax - Vegetable waxes
• Wax - Mineral waxes
• Wax - Petroleum waxes
• Wax - Synthetic waxes

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Carboxymethyl cellulose, or CMC, is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups (-CH2-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone. Carboxymethyl cellulose - Preparation and properties. It is synthesized by the alkali-catalyzed reaction of cellulose with chloroacetic acid. The polar (organic acid) carboxyl groups render the cellulose soluble and chemically reactive. The functional properties of CMC depend on the de ...

Including:

• Carboxymethyl cellulose - Preparation and properties
• Carboxymethyl cellulose - Uses

Read more here: » Carboxymethyl cellulose: Encyclopedia - Carboxymethyl cellulose