Vilna Gaon - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Vilna Gaon: Encyclopedia - Vilna Gaon
The Vilna Gaon (April 23, 1720 – October 9, 1797) was a prominent Jewish rabbi, Talmud scholar, and Kabbalist. His real name was Elijah...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vilna Gaon: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilna Gaon - Youth And Education
Born in Vilna (now Vilnius), Lithuania, he gave evidence of the possession of extraordinary talents while still a child. As young as thre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia - Kabbalah
Kabbalah (Hebrew קַבָּלָה "reception", Standard Hebrew Qabbala, Tiberian Hebrew Qabbālāh; also written variously as Cabala, Cab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mitnagdim: Encyclopedia Ii - Mitnagdim - Origins
The rapid spread of Hasidic Judaism in the second half of the eighteenth century greatly troubled many traditional Jewish rabbis; many sa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geonim: Encyclopedia Ii - Geonim - The Title Geon
The title of geon (also gaon) came to be applied to the heads of the two Babylonian academies of Sura and Pumbedita, though it did not di...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geonim: Encyclopedia Ii - Geonim - Role In Jewish Life
The Geonim officiated, in the first place, as directors of the academies, continuing as such the educational activity of the Amoraim and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yeshiva: Encyclopedia - Yeshiva
Yeshiva or yeshivah (Hebrew: ישיבה pl. yeshivot or yeshivos) is an institution for Torah study and the study of Talmud primarily wit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism
Haredi or Charedi Judaism, often also called ultra-Orthodox Judaism, is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Daniel Lapin: Encyclopedia - Daniel Lapin
Daniel Lapin is an Orthodox Jewish rabbi, and the founder of Toward Tradition,the Pacific Jewish Center, the Commonwealth Loan Company an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion
Religious conversion is the adoption of new religious beliefs that differ from the convert's previous beliefs; in some cultures (e.g. Jud...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prayer: Encyclopedia - Prayer
Prayer is an effort to communicate with God, or to some deity or deities, or another form of spiritual entity, or otherwise, either to of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zionism: Encyclopedia - Zionism
Zionism is a political movement and an ideology that supports a Jewish homeland in the Land of Israel, where the Jewish nation originated...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia - Talmud
The Talmud (תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions on Jewish law, Jewish ethics, customs, legends and stories, which Jewish trad...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - April 23: Encyclopedia - April 23
April 23 is the 113th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (114th in leap years). There are 252 days remaining. April 23 - Events. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbinic Literature: Encyclopedia - Rabbinic Literature
Rabbinic literature, in the broadest sense, can mean the entire spectrum of Judaism's rabbinic writing/s throughout history. However, the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chaim Joseph David Azulai: Encyclopedia - Chaim Joseph David Azulai
Rabbi Chaim Joseph David ben Isaac Zerachia Azulai (1724, 21 March 1807), commonly known as the Chida (by the acronym of his name), was a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chaim Volozhin: Encyclopedia - Chaim Volozhin
Chaim Volozhin (or Chaim Volozhiner or Chaim of Volozhin) (1749-1821) was an Orthodox Jewish rabbi, Talmudist, and ethicist. Popularly kn...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yehuda Ashlag: Encyclopedia - Yehuda Ashlag
Yehuda Ashlag (1884—1954) the great Kabbalist who lived in Jerusalem from 1922 until his death in 1954, received the name Baal HaSulam ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chabad-lubavitch: Encyclopedia - Chabad-lubavitch
Chabad Lubavitch, or Lubavich, is one of the largest branches of Hasidic Judaism founded by Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi . It is one of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abraham Ben Abraham: Encyclopedia - Abraham Ben Abraham
The history of Abraham ben Abraham, also known as Count Valentine (Valentin, Walentyn) Potocki (Pototzki or Pototski) is a controversial ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yitzchok Hutner: Encyclopedia - Yitzchok Hutner
Yitzchok (Isaac) Hutner (1906 - 1980) was an Orthodox Judaism rabbi born in Warsaw, Poland, to a family with both Ger hasidim and mitnagd...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1797: Encyclopedia - 1797
1797 in topic: Arts Architecture - Literature - Music Other topics Canada - Mexico - Science Lists of leaders: Colonial governors - State...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Services: Encyclopedia - Jewish Services
Jewish services are the communal prayer recitations which form part of the observance of Judaism. These prayers, often with instructions ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mishnah: Encyclopedia - Mishnah
The Mishnah (Hebrew משנה, "repetition") is a major source of rabbinic Judaism's religious texts. It is the first recording of the ora...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eidetic Memory: Encyclopedia - Eidetic Memory
Photographic memory, eidetic memory, or total recall, is the ability to recall images, sounds, or objects in memory with great accuracy a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Posek: Encyclopedia - Posek
Posek (Hebrew פוסק; /poseq/ pl. Poskim) is the term in Jewish law for "legal decisor" - a rabbi who decides the Halakha in cases of l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geonim: Encyclopedia Ii - Geonim - The Kallah
Two months of the year were denoted as kallah months, the Hebrew months of Adar and Elul. During this time foreign students assembled in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1720: Encyclopedia - 1720
1720 in topic: Arts Architecture - Literature - Music Other topics Canada - Mexico - Science Lists of leaders: Colonial governors - State...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hasidic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Hasidic Judaism
Hasidic Judaism (from the Hebrew: Chasidut חסידות, meaning "pious", from the Hebrew root word chesed חסד meaning "loving kindnes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geonim: Encyclopedia Ii - Geonim - Responsa
Early in the Geonic era, the majority of the questions asked them were sent from Babylonia and the neighboring lands. Jewish communities ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yeshiva: Encyclopedia Ii - Yeshiva - Method Of Study
Studying is usually done together with a study-partner called a chavrusa (Aramaic: "friend"), or in a shiur ("lecture"). Yeshiva - Talmu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yehuda Ashlag: Encyclopedia Ii - Yehuda Ashlag - Biography
Yehuda Ashlag - Poland. Yehuda Leib Halevi Ashlag was born on the fifth day of the month Tishrey, in 1884, in Warsaw, Poland. Ashlag re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Leadership: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Leadership - Historic Leadership
Jewish leadership - Biblical leadership Before 70 CE. See related List of Jewish Biblical figures. During the era of the Tanakh, lead...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shulkhan Arukh: Encyclopedia Ii - Shulkhan Arukh - Beth Yosef
Shulkhan Arukh - Its premise and style. The Shulkhan Arukh is an abridgement of a much larger work by Rabbi Karo, titled Beth Yosef (He...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - Conversion To Judaism
Religious conversion - Procedure. Jewish law guidelines for accepting new converts to Judaism are called "giur". Potential converts sho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eidetic Memory: Encyclopedia Ii - Eidetic Memory - Controversy
Dr. Marvin Minsky, in his book The Society of Mind, claims to have been unable to verify claims of eidetic memory (see sections 15.3 &...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hasidic Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Hasidic Judaism - Religious Practice And Culture
Hasidic Judaism - Fundamental conceptions. The teachings of Hasidism are founded on two theoretical conceptions: (1) religious panenthe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mesillat Yesharim: Encyclopedia Ii - Mesillat Yesharim - Aim Of The Work
The aim of the work is the perfection of character. Rather than innovating a new system, Luzzato builds his work on a Beraita in the name...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yeshiva: Encyclopedia Ii - Yeshiva - History
Yeshiva - Pre-1800s. Traditionally, every town rabbi had the right to maintain a number of full-time or part-time pupils in the town's ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pale Of Settlement: Encyclopedia Ii - Pale Of Settlement - Life In The Pale
Life in the shtetls (villages) of the Pale of Settlement was hard and stricken by poverty. A sophisticated system of volunteer Jewish soc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Five Scrolls: Encyclopedia Ii - The Five Scrolls - Liturgical Use
All five of these megillot ("scrolls") are traditionally read publicly in the synagogue over the course of the year in many Jewish commun...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prayer: Encyclopedia Ii - Prayer - Philosophical Paradoxes Of Prayer
There are a number of philosophical paradoxes involving prayer to an omnipotent God, namely: If a person deserves the recipient of the p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Haredi Judaism - Present Day
Haredi Judaism - Israel. In Israel, home to the most numerically powerful Haredi population, the situation is different. There, as in t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chaim Joseph David Azulai: Encyclopedia Ii - Chaim Joseph David Azulai - Biography
He was born in Jerusalem, where he received his education from some local prominent scholars, including Chaim ibn Attar (the Or ha-Chaim)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - External Attacks On The Talmud
The history of the Talmud reflects in part the history of Judaism persisting in a world of hostility and persecution. Almost at the very ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abraham Ben Abraham: Encyclopedia Ii - Abraham Ben Abraham - Jewish Tradition
There are several versions of this story, especially among the Jews of Lithuania, Poland and Russia, who know and still refer to Potocki ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin: Encyclopedia Ii - Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin - Biography
He was born into a family of Jewish scholars renowned for its scholarship. His father Jacob, while not being a rabbi, was a Talmudic scho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1797: Encyclopedia Ii - 1797 - Events
1797 - Ongoing events. French Revolution (1789-1799) French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802)-First Coalition ... See also:1797, 1797 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Zionism - Establishment Of The Zionist Movement
Land of Israel Districts · Cities · Transportation Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee Mediterranean · Negev · Judea · Samaria Jer...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Schisms Among The Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Schisms Among The Jews - Hasidim And Mitnagdim
The arrival of Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer (1698-1760), known as the Baal Shem Tov ("Master [of the] Good Name"), on the scene of Jewish his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Origin Of Jewish Mysticism
According to adherents of Kabbalah, the origin of Kabbalah begins with the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible). When read by a Kabbalist, the Torah...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chabad-lubavitch: Encyclopedia Ii - Chabad-lubavitch - Controversies
Chabad-Lubavitch - History of controversy. Since its inception, Hasidism was the center of much controversy within the Jewish community...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fast Of The Firstborn: Encyclopedia Ii - Fast Of The Firstborn - Meaning Of The Fast
In Judaism, there are essentially three potential purposes of fasting, and a combination of some or all of these could apply to any given...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabalistic Laws: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabalistic Laws - Holidays And Special Occasions
On the Jewish New Year Rosh HaShana there are numerous customs based on Kabbalah. Many Jews eat special foods signifying a good new year....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jonathan Eybeschutz: Encyclopedia Ii - Jonathan Eybeschutz - Biography
Eybeschutz's father was the rabbi in Ivančice (German: Eibenschütz, sometimes Eibeschutz), Moravia. On his father's death, Eybeschutz s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Haredi Judaism - Present Day
Haredi Judaism - Israel. In Israel, home to the most numerically powerful Haredi population, the situation is different. There, as in t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eidetic Memory: Encyclopedia Ii - Eidetic Memory - Controversy
Dr. Marvin Minsky, in his book The Society of Mind, claims to have been unable to verify claims of eidetic memory (see sections 15.3 &...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin: Encyclopedia Ii - Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin - Biography
Rabbi Berlin was born into a family of Jewish scholars renowned for its scholarship. His father Jacob, while not a rabbi, was a Talmudic ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yitzchok Hutner: Encyclopedia Ii - Yitzchok Hutner - In The United States
He was able to construct an intense curriculum and an environment that produced young Talmudic scholars who were viewed as being in the s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - Conversion To Judaism
Religious conversion - Procedure. Jewish law guidelines for accepting new converts to Judaism are called "giur". Potential converts sho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Services: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Services - Shabbat Services
Jewish services - Friday night services. Shabbat services begin on Friday evening with the weekday Mincha (see above), followed in some...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Daniel Lapin: Encyclopedia Ii - Daniel Lapin - Conservative Judeo-christian Values Vs. Liberalism
Daniel Lapin - Support for conservative Christians. Both Lapin and Medved promote conservative political principles, inter-mixed with t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mishnah: Encyclopedia Ii - Mishnah - Historical Study
Both the Mishnah and Talmud contain little serious biographical studies of the people discussed therein, and the same tractate will confl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lithuanian Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Lithuanian Jews - Jewish Culture In Lithuania
The founding of the yeshivot in Lithuania was due to the Lithuanian-Polish Jews who studied in the west, and to the German Jews who migra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rabbinic Literature: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbinic Literature - Later Works By Historical Period
Rabbinic literature - Works of the Geonim. The Geonim are the rabbis of Sura and Pumbeditha, in Babylon (650 - 1250) : She'iltoth...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chabad-lubavitch: Encyclopedia Ii - Chabad-lubavitch - Controversies
Chabad-Lubavitch - History of controversy. Since its inception, Hasidism was the center of much controversy within the Jewish community...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Services: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Services - Services On Passover, Shavuot And Sukkot
The services for the three festivals of Pesach ("Passover"), Shavuot ("Feast of Weeks" or "Pentecost"), and Sukkot ("Feast of Tabenacles"...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Leadership: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Leadership - Modern Religious Leadership After 1800s
Jewish leadership - Decline of rabbinical influence. With the growth of the Renaissance and the development of the secular modern world...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lithuanian Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Lithuanian Jews - Early History
As early as the eighth century Jews lived in parts of the Lithuanian territory. Beginning with that period they conducted the trade betwe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Leadership: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Leadership - Secular Leadership
Following the Renaissance and the Enlightenment in Europe (with its Jewish "extension" the Haskalah movement, which led to much modern-da...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lithuanian Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Lithuanian Jews - Effect Of The Cossacks' Uprising In Lithuania
The fury of this uprising destroyed the organization of the Lithuanian Jewish communities. The survivors who returned to their old homes ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lithuanian Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Lithuanian Jews - Identified With Vilna Gaon
Religious observances owe greatly to Elijah ben Solomon Kramer, the Vilna Gaon who lived in Lithuania's greatest city Vilna. His style of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lithuanian Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Lithuanian Jews - Lithuanian Jews Today
By the end of the nineteenth century, many of Lithuania's Jews were part of the general flight of Jews from Eastern Europe to the New Wor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Services: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Services - Services On Passover Shavuot And Sukkot
The services for the three festivals of Pesach ("Passover"), Shavuot ("Feast of Weeks" or "Pentecost"), and Sukkot ("Feast of Tabenacles"...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Services: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Services - Related Customs
Many Jews sway their body back and forth during prayer. This practice (referred to as shokeling in Yiddish) is not mandatory, and in fact...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Services: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Services - Guide On Etiquette For Visitors
In most synagogues or temples, it is considered a sign of respect for all male attendees to wear a head covering, usually a dress hat or ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lithuanian Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Lithuanian Jews - Increasing Prosperity And The Great Charter 1320-1432
With the campaign of Gedimin and his subjection of Kiev and Volhynia (1320-21) the Jewish inhabitants of these territories were induced t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lithuanian Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Lithuanian Jews - The Union With Poland
For the next 500 years, Poland and Lithuania were united. It was generally a time of prosperity and relative safety for the Jews of both ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Services: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Services - The Prayers And Their Origins
Jewish services - Backgrounds. There are three prayer services each day on weekdays. A fourth additional prayer service (called mussaf,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabalistic Laws: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabalistic Laws - Prayer
There are many prayers that are from kabalistic sources. When the Torah scroll is taken out from the ark, there are those that recite the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lithuanian Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Lithuanian Jews - Ethnicity Religious Customs And Heritage
Lithuanian Jews are almost all Ashkenazi Jews and many are Mitnagdim who were opposed to the new inroads of Hasidism. A sizable minority ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Services: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Services - Weekday Prayer Services
Jewish services - Shacharit: morning prayers. Various prayers are said upon arising; tzitzit (small garment with fringes) are donned at...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabalistic Laws: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabalistic Laws - Dietary Law
There is a custom not to eat fist and meat together. This law is stated in the Talmud as a sakanah, meaning danger, usually referring to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yehuda Ashlag: Encyclopedia Ii - Yehuda Ashlag - Music
Yehuda Ashlag also wrote songs and composed melodies as expressions of his spiritual attainments. His music is said to be written directl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chabad-lubavitch: Encyclopedia Ii - Chabad-lubavitch - Origin Of Name
Chabad-Lubavitch - Chabad. The names Chabad and Lubavitch each have a history. Chabad is a Hebrew acronym for Chochma ("wisdom"), Bina ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chabad-lubavitch: Encyclopedia Ii - Chabad-lubavitch - Chabad Today
Chabad-Lubavitch - Emissaries. Menachem Mendel Schneerson, after becoming Rebbe, and following an initiative of the previous Rebbe, spu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - Proselytism
The English language word proselytism is derived ultimately from the Greek language verb προσέρχομαι 'to approach, to come tow...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - Conversion To New Religious Movements And Cults
Conversion to new religious movements (NRM's) is riddled with controversies. The anti-cult movement sometimes uses the term thought refor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - Conversion To Christianity
Telling non-Christians about Christianity has been seen as a duty of Christians since the time of Jesus. According to the New Testament, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - Conversion To Islam
One becomes a Muslim by believing Allah (Allah is the unique name of God in Islam) is the only God and Muhammad is Allah 's messenger. A ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chabad-lubavitch: Encyclopedia Ii - Chabad-lubavitch - Customs Of Chabad
Chabad has specific minhagim (customs) that distinguish it from other Hasidic groups. For example, in contrast with other Hasidic sects, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chabad-lubavitch: Encyclopedia Ii - Chabad-lubavitch - Influence On The Jewish World
Chabad has had a notable influence on Haredi entertainment. Singing rabbi Shlomo Carlebach who was once affiliated with Chabad, and popul...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Haredi Judaism - Practices And Beliefs
Haredi Judaism - Views of halakha. One basic belief of the Orthodox community in general is that it is the latest link in a chain of Je...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Haredi Judaism - History
Haredi Judaism - Modern origins. For several centuries before the Emancipation of European Jewry, most of Europe's Jews were forced to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin: Encyclopedia Ii - Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin - Views And Influence
Rabbi Berlin had a traditionalist approach to Torah study that was at odds with the highly analytical style of lomdus ("learned intellect...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Services: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Services - The Prayers And Their Origins
Jewish services - Backgrounds. There are three prayer services each day on weekdays. A fourth additional prayer service (called mussaf...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jonathan Eybeschutz: Encyclopedia Ii - Jonathan Eybeschutz - Controversy
Eybeschutz was not without controversy. In Prague, he had many contacts with priests and the intelligentsia, debating religious topics an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - The Convert/proselyte
See also the main article proselyte A person who has undergone conversion is called a convert or proselyte. A proselyte (from the Latin w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religious Conversion: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Conversion - Religious Conversion In International Law
The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights defines religious conversion as a human right: "Everyone has the right to freedo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - The Two Talmuds
There is only one Mishnah but there are two distinct Gemaras: the Yerushalmi and the Bavli, and two corresponding Talmuds. (Today the wor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shulkhan Arukh: Encyclopedia Ii - Shulkhan Arukh - Shulkhan Arukh
Karo wrote the Shulkhan Arukh in his old age, for the benefit of those who did not possess the education necessary to understand the Beth...   » Read the article