The Vietnamese alphabet, called quốc ngữ (national language), is the current writing system for the Vietnamese language. It is based on the Latin alphabet, with some digraphs and the addition of nine accent marks or diacritics — four of them to create additional sounds, and the other five to indicate the tone of each word. The many diacritics, often two on the same letter, makes written Vietnamese easily recognizable. Vietnamese alphabet - The letters. The Vietnamese alphabet has ...

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• Vietnamese alphabet - The letters
• Vietnamese alphabet - Vowels
• Vietnamese alphabet - Consonants
• Vietnamese alphabet - Tone markings
• Vietnamese alphabet - History
• Vietnamese alphabet - Vietnamese fonts and encoding schemes
• Vietnamese alphabet - Bibliography

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The Vietnamese alphabet has the following 29 letters, in collating order: Vietnamese contains the 8 digraphs and 1 trigraph below, but these are not considered single letters: Ch Gh Gi Kh Ng Ngh Nh Ph Th Vietnamese alphabet - Vowels. The correspondence between the orthography and pronunciation is somewhat complicated, where a single letter either represents more than one different monophthongs, or both a monophthong and a diphthong(s), or wher ...

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Vietnamese alphabet, Vietnamese alphabet - The letters, Vietnamese alphabet - Vowels, Vietnamese alphabet - Consonants, Vietnamese alphabet - Tone markings, Vietnamese alphabet - History, Vietnamese alphabet - Vietnamese fonts and encoding schemes, Vietnamese alphabet - Bibliography

Read more here: » Vietnamese alphabet: Encyclopedia II - Vietnamese alphabet - The letters

The Vietnamese alphabet has the following 29 letters, in collating order: A Ă Â B C D Đ E Ê G H I K L M N O Ô Ơ P Q R S T U Ư V X Y a ă â b c d đ e ê g< ...

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Vietnamese alphabet, Vietnamese alphabet - The letters, Vietnamese alphabet - Vowels, Vietnamese alphabet - Consonants, Vietnamese alphabet - Tone markings, Vietnamese alphabet - History, Vietnamese alphabet - Vietnamese fonts and encoding schemes, Vietnamese alphabet - Bibliography

Read more here: » Vietnamese alphabet: Encyclopedia II - Vietnamese alphabet - The letters

Vietnamese (tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ), formerly known under the French colonization as Annamite (see Annam) is the national and official language of Vietnam. It is the mother tongue of the Vietnamese people (người Việt or người Kinh), who constitute between 88% and 90% of Vietnam's population and of about three million overseas Vietnamese, including more than a million individuals of Vietnamese heritage in the United States. It is also spoken as a second language b ...

Including:

• Vietnamese language - Classification
• Vietnamese language - History
• Vietnamese language - Geographic distribution
• Vietnamese language - Official status
• Vietnamese language - Dialects
• Vietnamese language - Sounds
• Vietnamese language - Vowels
• Vietnamese language - Tones
• Vietnamese language - Consonants
• Vietnamese language - Grammar
• Vietnamese language - Tense
• Vietnamese language - Topic comment structure
• Vietnamese language - Plural
• Vietnamese language - Classifiers
• Vietnamese language - Pronouns
• Vietnamese language - Reduplication
• Vietnamese language - Vocabulary
• Vietnamese language - Writing system
• Vietnamese language - Computer support
• Vietnamese language - Examples
• Vietnamese language - Original Chu Nom version
• Vietnamese language - Literal English translation
• Vietnamese language - Reference & suggested reading
• Vietnamese language - Pedagogical
• Vietnamese language - Reference & linguistics

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Vietnamese, like many languages in Southeast Asia and Chinese, is an analytic (or isolating) language. As such its grammar highly relies on word order and sentence structure rather than morphology (word changes through inflection). While most European languages would use morphology to express tense Vietnamese uses grammatical particles or syntactic constructions. Vietnamese is often erroneously considered to be a "monosyllabic" language. It is true that Vietnamese has many words that consist of only one syllable; however, most words are indeed bi-syllabic. This is largely because of the many reduplication words that ...

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Vietnamese language, Vietnamese language - Classification, Vietnamese language - History, Vietnamese language - Geographic distribution, Vietnamese language - Official status, Vietnamese language - Dialects, Vietnamese language - Sounds, Vietnamese language - Vowels, Vietnamese language - Tones, Vietnamese language - Consonants, Vietnamese language - Grammar, Vietnamese language - Tense, Vietnamese language - Topic comment structure, Vietnamese language - Plural, Vietnamese language - Classifiers, Vietnamese language - Pronouns, Vietnamese language - Reduplication, Vietnamese language - Vocabulary, Vietnamese language - Writing system, Vietnamese language - Computer support, Vietnamese language - Examples, Vietnamese language - Original Chu Nom version, Vietnamese language - Literal English translation, Vietnamese language - Reference & suggested reading, Vietnamese language - Pedagogical, Vietnamese language - Reference & linguistics

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It seems likely that in the distant past Vietnamese shared more characteristics common to other languages in the Austroasiatic family, such as an inflectional morphology and a richer set of consonant clusters, which have subsequently disappeared from the language. However, Vietnamese appears to have been heavily influenced by its location in the Southeast Asian sprachbund—with the result that it has acquired or converged toward characteristics such as isolating morphology and tonogenesis. These characteristics, which may or may not have be ...

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Vietnamese language, Vietnamese language - Classification, Vietnamese language - History, Vietnamese language - Geographic distribution, Vietnamese language - Official status, Vietnamese language - Dialects, Vietnamese language - Sounds, Vietnamese language - Vowels, Vietnamese language - Tones, Vietnamese language - Consonants, Vietnamese language - Grammar, Vietnamese language - Tense, Vietnamese language - Topic comment structure, Vietnamese language - Plural, Vietnamese language - Classifiers, Vietnamese language - Pronouns, Vietnamese language - Reduplication, Vietnamese language - Vocabulary, Vietnamese language - Writing system, Vietnamese language - Computer support, Vietnamese language - Examples, Vietnamese language - Original Chu Nom version, Vietnamese language - Literal English translation, Vietnamese language - Reference & suggested reading, Vietnamese language - Pedagogical, Vietnamese language - Reference & linguistics

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CJK is a collective term for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, which comprise the main East Asian languages. The term is used in the field of software and communications internationalization. The term CJKV means CJK plus Vietnamese, which used Chinese characters prior to adopting quốc ngữ (see Vietnamese alphabet). These languages all have a shared characteristic: Their writing systems are partly or entirely based on Chinese characters—hànzì in Chinese, kanji in Japanese, hanja in Korean, and chữ nô ...

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Vietnamese language - Vowels. Like other southeast Asian languages, Vietnamese has a comparatively large number of vowels (nguyên âm). Below is a vowel chart of the Hanoi variety (i.e., other regions of Viet Nam may have different vowel inventories). All vowels are unrounded except for u, ô, and o. Vowels â and ă are pronounced very short, much shorter than the other vowels. Therefore ...

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Vietnamese language, Vietnamese language - Classification, Vietnamese language - History, Vietnamese language - Geographic distribution, Vietnamese language - Official status, Vietnamese language - Dialects, Vietnamese language - Sounds, Vietnamese language - Vowels, Vietnamese language - Tones, Vietnamese language - Consonants, Vietnamese language - Grammar, Vietnamese language - Tense, Vietnamese language - Topic comment structure, Vietnamese language - Plural, Vietnamese language - Classifiers, Vietnamese language - Pronouns, Vietnamese language - Reduplication, Vietnamese language - Vocabulary, Vietnamese language - Writing system, Vietnamese language - Computer support, Vietnamese language - Examples, Vietnamese language - Original Chu Nom version, Vietnamese language - Literal English translation, Vietnamese language - Reference & suggested reading, Vietnamese language - Pedagogical, Vietnamese language - Reference & linguistics

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As the national language of the majority ethnic group, Vietnamese is spoken throughout Vietnam by the Vietnamese people as well as by ethnic minorities. It is also spoken in overseas Vietnamese communities, most notably in the United States, where it has more than one million speakers and is the seventh most-spoken language. According to the Ethnologue, Vietnamese is also spoken in Australia, Cambodia, Canada, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Laos, Martinique, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Senegal, Thailand, United Kingdom, and Vanuatu. ...

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Vietnamese language, Vietnamese language - Classification, Vietnamese language - History, Vietnamese language - Geographic distribution, Vietnamese language - Official status, Vietnamese language - Dialects, Vietnamese language - Sounds, Vietnamese language - Vowels, Vietnamese language - Tones, Vietnamese language - Consonants, Vietnamese language - Grammar, Vietnamese language - Tense, Vietnamese language - Topic comment structure, Vietnamese language - Plural, Vietnamese language - Classifiers, Vietnamese language - Pronouns, Vietnamese language - Reduplication, Vietnamese language - Vocabulary, Vietnamese language - Writing system, Vietnamese language - Computer support, Vietnamese language - Examples, Vietnamese language - Original Chu Nom version, Vietnamese language - Literal English translation, Vietnamese language - Reference & suggested reading, Vietnamese language - Pedagogical, Vietnamese language - Reference & linguistics

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This text is from the first six lines of Truyện Kiều, a poem by the celebrated poet Nguyễn Du, 阮攸 (1765-1820), often considered the most significant work of Vietnamese literature. It was originally written in Nôm (titled 金雲翹), and is widely taught in Vietnam today. Trăm năm trong cõi người ta, Chữ tài chữ mệnh khéo là ghét nhau. Trải qua một cuộc bể dâu, Những điều trông thấy mà đau đớn lòng. Lạ gì bỉ sắc tư phong, Trời xanh quen thói má hồng đánh ghen. Vietnamese lan ...

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Vietnamese language, Vietnamese language - Classification, Vietnamese language - History, Vietnamese language - Geographic distribution, Vietnamese language - Official status, Vietnamese language - Dialects, Vietnamese language - Sounds, Vietnamese language - Vowels, Vietnamese language - Tones, Vietnamese language - Consonants, Vietnamese language - Grammar, Vietnamese language - Tense, Vietnamese language - Topic comment structure, Vietnamese language - Plural, Vietnamese language - Classifiers, Vietnamese language - Pronouns, Vietnamese language - Reduplication, Vietnamese language - Vocabulary, Vietnamese language - Writing system, Vietnamese language - Computer support, Vietnamese language - Examples, Vietnamese language - Original Chu Nom version, Vietnamese language - Literal English translation, Vietnamese language - Reference & suggested reading, Vietnamese language - Pedagogical, Vietnamese language - Reference & linguistics

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Presently, the written language uses the Vietnamese alphabet (quốc ngữ or "national script," literally "national language," from Chinese 國語 / guoyu), based on the Latin alphabet. Originally a Romanization of Vietnamese, it was codified in the 17th century by a French Jesuit missionary named Alexandre de Rhodes (1591-1660), based on works of earlier Portuguese missionaries (Gaspar de Amaral and Antoine de Barbosa). The use of the script was gradually extended from its initial domain in Christian writing to become more popular a ...

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Vietnamese language, Vietnamese language - Classification, Vietnamese language - History, Vietnamese language - Geographic distribution, Vietnamese language - Official status, Vietnamese language - Dialects, Vietnamese language - Sounds, Vietnamese language - Vowels, Vietnamese language - Tones, Vietnamese language - Consonants, Vietnamese language - Grammar, Vietnamese language - Tense, Vietnamese language - Topic comment structure, Vietnamese language - Plural, Vietnamese language - Classifiers, Vietnamese language - Pronouns, Vietnamese language - Reduplication, Vietnamese language - Vocabulary, Vietnamese language - Writing system, Vietnamese language - Computer support, Vietnamese language - Examples, Vietnamese language - Original Chu Nom version, Vietnamese language - Literal English translation, Vietnamese language - Reference & suggested reading, Vietnamese language - Pedagogical, Vietnamese language - Reference & linguistics

Read more here: » Vietnamese language: Encyclopedia II - Vietnamese language - Writing system

The Unicode character set contains all Vietnamese characters and Vietnamese currency symbol. On systems that do not support Unicode, many 8-bit Vietnamese codepages are available such as VISCII or CP1258. Where ASCII must be used, Vietnamese letters are often typed using the VIQR convention. There are many software tools that help type true Vietnamese text on US keyboards such as WinVNKey on Windows, MacVNKey on Macintosh, etc. ...

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Vietnamese language, Vietnamese language - Classification, Vietnamese language - History, Vietnamese language - Geographic distribution, Vietnamese language - Official status, Vietnamese language - Dialects, Vietnamese language - Sounds, Vietnamese language - Vowels, Vietnamese language - Tones, Vietnamese language - Consonants, Vietnamese language - Grammar, Vietnamese language - Tense, Vietnamese language - Topic comment structure, Vietnamese language - Plural, Vietnamese language - Classifiers, Vietnamese language - Pronouns, Vietnamese language - Reduplication, Vietnamese language - Vocabulary, Vietnamese language - Writing system, Vietnamese language - Computer support, Vietnamese language - Examples, Vietnamese language - Original Chu Nom version, Vietnamese language - Literal English translation, Vietnamese language - Reference & suggested reading, Vietnamese language - Pedagogical, Vietnamese language - Reference & linguistics

Read more here: » Vietnamese language: Encyclopedia II - Vietnamese language - Computer support

Different languages use different rules to put diacritic characters in alphabetical order. French treats letters with diacritical marks the same as the underlying letter for purposes of ordering and dictionaries. The same is true in German, and in cases where two words differ only by an umlaut, the word without it is sorted first in German dictionaries (eg "schon" and then "schön", or "fallen" and then "fällen"). However, when names are concerned (eg in phone books or in author catalogues in libraries), umlauts are often trea ...

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Diacritic, Diacritic - Types of diacritic, Diacritic - Usage, Diacritic - Non-diacritic usage, Diacritic - Non-alphabetic scripts, Diacritic - Alphabetization or collation, Diacritic - Generation with computers

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Modern computer technology was developed mostly in the English speaking countries, so data formats, keyboard layouts, etc. were developed with an English bias; a "simple" alphabet without diacritical marks. This has led to fears internationally that the marks and accents may become obsolete to facilitate the worldwide exchange of data. Efforts have been made to create domain names that extend furt ...

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Diacritic, Diacritic - Types of diacritic, Diacritic - Usage, Diacritic - Non-diacritic usage, Diacritic - Non-alphabetic scripts, Diacritic - Alphabetization or collation, Diacritic - Generation with computers

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Modern computer technology was developed mostly in the English speaking countries, so data formats, keyboard layouts, etc. were developed with an English bias; a "simple" alphabet without diacritical marks. This has led to fears internationally that the marks and accents may become obsolete to facilitate the worldwide exchange of data. Efforts have been made to create domain names that extend further than the English alphabet: the I ...

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Diacritic, Diacritic - Types of diacritic, Diacritic - Usage, Diacritic - Non-diacritic usage, Diacritic - Non-alphabetic scripts, Diacritic - Alphabetization or collation, Diacritic - Generation with computers

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The Vietnamese language was first written down, from the 13th century onwards, using variant Chinese characters (chữ nôm 字喃), each of them representing one word. The system was based on the script used for writing classical Chinese (chữ nho), but it was supplemented with characters developed in Vietnam (chữ thuần nôm, proper Nom characters) to represent native Vietnamese words. As early as 1527, Portuguese Christian missionaries in Vietnam began using the Latin alphabet to transcribe the Vietnamese l ...

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Vietnamese alphabet, Vietnamese alphabet - The letters, Vietnamese alphabet - Vowels, Vietnamese alphabet - Consonants, Vietnamese alphabet - Tone markings, Vietnamese alphabet - History, Vietnamese alphabet - Vietnamese fonts and encoding schemes, Vietnamese alphabet - Bibliography

Read more here: » Vietnamese alphabet: Encyclopedia II - Vietnamese alphabet - History

Vietnamese is a tonal language, i.e. the meaning of each word depends on the "tone" (basically a specific pitch and glottalization pattern) in which it is pronounced. There are six distinct tones; the first one ("level tone") is not marked, and the other five are indicated by diacritics applied to the main vowel of the syllable: The lowercase letter "i" should retain its dot even when accented. (However, this detail is often lost in computers and on the Internet, due to the obscurity of Vietnamese ...

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Vietnamese alphabet, Vietnamese alphabet - The letters, Vietnamese alphabet - Vowels, Vietnamese alphabet - Consonants, Vietnamese alphabet - Tone markings, Vietnamese alphabet - History, Vietnamese alphabet - Vietnamese fonts and encoding schemes, Vietnamese alphabet - Bibliography

Read more here: » Vietnamese alphabet: Encyclopedia II - Vietnamese alphabet - Tone markings

The Vietnamese language was first written down, from the 13th century onwards, using variant Chinese characters (chữ nôm 字喃), each of them representing one word. The system based on the script used for writing classical Chinese (chữ nho), but it was supplemented with characters developed in Vietnam (chữ thuần nôm, proper Nom characters) to represent native Vietnamese. As early as 1527, Portuguese Christian missionaries in Vietnam began using the Latin alphabet to transcribe the Vietnamese language fo ...

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Vietnamese alphabet, Vietnamese alphabet - The letters, Vietnamese alphabet - Vowels, Vietnamese alphabet - Consonants, Vietnamese alphabet - Tone markings, Vietnamese alphabet - History, Vietnamese alphabet - Vietnamese fonts and encoding schemes, Vietnamese alphabet - Bibliography

Read more here: » Vietnamese alphabet: Encyclopedia II - Vietnamese alphabet - History