Very Large Telescope

For more details see the main article on the Very Large Telescope. The Very Large Telescope (VLT) consists of four 8.2 m telescopes operating in the visible and infrared. Paranal Observatory - Instruments. Instruments on the VLT: FORS 1 (FOcal Reducer and low dispersion Spectrograph) is a visible light camera and Multi Object Spectrograph with a 6.8 arcminute field of view. FORS 2 Like FORS 1, but with further multi-object s ...

See also:

Paranal Observatory, Paranal Observatory - Very Large Telescope, Paranal Observatory - Instruments, Paranal Observatory - Interferometry and the VLTI, Paranal Observatory - VISTA survey telescope, Paranal Observatory - VLT Survey Telescope VST

Read more here: » Paranal Observatory: Encyclopedia II - Paranal Observatory - Very Large Telescope

The Very Large Telescope Project (VLT) consists of a system of four separate optical telescopes (the Antu telescope, the Kueyen telescope, the Melipal telescope, and the Yepun telescope) organized in an array formation. Each telescope has an 8.2 m aperture. The project is organized by the European Southern Observatory. VLT is located at the Paranal Observatory on Cerro Paranal, a 2,635 m high mountain in the Atacama desert in northern Chile. Very Large Telescope - General informa ...

Including:

• Very Large Telescope - General information
• Very Large Telescope - Interferometry and the VLTI

Read more here: » Very Large Telescope: Encyclopedia - Very Large Telescope

The VLT consists of a cluster of four large (8.2 meter diameter) telescopes, and an interferometer (VLTI) which is used to resolve fine features. The interferometer will include a set of 1.8 meter diameter telescopes dedicated to interferometric observations. The 8.2 meter telescopes have been named after the names of some astronomical objects in the local Mapuche language: Antu (The Sun), Kueyen ...

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Very Large Telescope, Very Large Telescope - General information, Very Large Telescope - Interferometry and the VLTI

Read more here: » Very Large Telescope: Encyclopedia II - Very Large Telescope - General information

When completion occurs in 2017, (100 years after the 100 inch (Hooker Mt Wilson) telescope) there will be an 100 meters telescope. ...

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Overwhelmingly Large Telescope, Overwhelmingly Large Telescope - Trivia

Read more here: » Overwhelmingly Large Telescope: Encyclopedia II - Overwhelmingly Large Telescope - Trivia

A telescope (from the Greek tele = 'far' and skopein = 'to look or see'; teleskopos = 'far-seeing') is an optical tool which gathers and focuses electromagnetic radiation. Telescopes increase the apparent angular size of distant objects, as well as their apparent brightness. Telescopes are used for astronomy and in many non-astronomical instruments including theodolites, transits, spotting scopes, monoculars, binoculars, camera lenses and spyglasses. The word "telescope" usually refers to optical telescopes, but there are telescopes for mo ...

Including:

• Telescope - History
• Telescope - Types
• Telescope - Telescope mountings
• Telescope - Research telescopes
• Telescope - Imperfect images
• Telescope - The five Seidel aberrations
• Telescope - The chromatic aberrations
• Telescope - Famous optical telescopes
• Telescope - Related lists

Read more here: » Telescope: Encyclopedia - Telescope

A space observatory is any instrument in outer space which is used for observation of distant planets, galaxies, and other outer space objects. Space observatory - Introduction. A large number of observatories have been launched into orbit, and most of them have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the cosmos. Performing astronomy from the Earth's surface is limited by the filtering and distortion of electromagnetic radiation due to the Earth's atmosphere. This makes it desirable to place astrononomical ...

Including:

• Space observatory - Introduction
• Space observatory - NASA's Great Observatories
• Space observatory - Other notable space observatories
• Space observatory - Future space observatories

Read more here: » Space observatory: Encyclopedia - Space observatory

Proponents of the Apollo moon landing hoax accusations allege that the Apollo Moon Landings never took place, and were faked by NASA with possible CIA support. According to a 1999 Gallup poll, about 6 percent of the population of the U.S. has doubts that the Apollo astronauts walked on the moon. "Although, if taken literally, 6 percent translates into millions of individuals," Gallup said of this, "it is not unusual to find about that many people in the typical poll agreeing with almost any question that is asked of them -- so the best inter ...

Including:

• Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Conspiracy theory
• Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Motives
• Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Issues cited in accusations
• Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Issues of photographs
• Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Ionizing radiation and heat
• Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Transmission issues
• Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Mechanical issues
• Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Moon rocks
• Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - People claimed to be included in the hoax
• Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Stanley Kubrick
• Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Deaths of key people involved with the Apollo program
• Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Observing the landing sites
• Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - NASA's rebuttal cancelled
• Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Flat Earth Society
• Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Pop culture

Read more here: » Apollo moon landing hoax accusations: Encyclopedia - Apollo moon landing hoax accusations

The Atacama desert of Chile and Peru is a virtually rainless plateau made up of salt basins (salares), sand, and lava flows, extending from the Andes mountains to the Pacific Ocean. The average width (east-and-west) is less than 160 kilometers (100 miles) but it extends from the Peruvian border 1000 kilometers (600 miles) south to the Bolivian Altiplano. The mountains nearest to the ocean are the Pacific coast ...

Including:

• Atacama - Reference

Read more here: » Atacama: Encyclopedia - Atacama

Abell 1835 IR1916 (also known as Abell 1835, Galaxy Abell 1835, or Galaxy Abell 1835 IR1916) is a candidate for being the most distant galaxy ever observed. It was discovered by French and Swiss astronomers of the European Southern Observatory, namely Roser Pelló, Johan Richard, Jean-François Le Borgne, Daniel Schaerer, and Jean-Paul Kneib. The astronomers used a near-infrared instrument on the Very Large Telescope to detect the galaxy; other observatories were then used to make an image of it possible. The Obse ...

Read more here: » Galaxy Abell 1835 IR1916: Encyclopedia - Galaxy Abell 1835 IR1916

The Milky Way (a translation of the Latin Via Lactea, in turn derived from the Greek Γαλαξίας (Galaksias), sometimes referred to simply as "the Galaxy", is a barred spiral galaxy which forms part of the Local Group. Although the Milky Way is but one of billions of galaxies in the universe, the Galaxy has special significance to humanity as it is the home of the solar system. Democritus (460 BC - 370 BC) was the first known person to cla ...

Including:

• Milky Way - Age
• Milky Way - Structure
• Milky Way - The Sun's place in the Milky Way
• Milky Way - The galactic neighborhood
• Milky Way - Speed through space
• Milky Way - Mythology
• Milky Way - Future of Milky Way

Read more here: » Milky Way: Encyclopedia - Milky Way

Most of its observation facilities are located in Chile (hence the name "Southern"), and the headquarters are located in Garching near Munich, Germany. ESO operates three major observatories in the Atacama desert, Chile: La Silla Observatory Paranal Observatory, which includes the Very Large Telescope Llano de Chajnantor Observatory, which will host submillimetre telescopess, and is operated in collaboration with organisations in the USA, Canada and Chile. This site will host the Atacama Large Millimeter Array under construction in collaboration with t ...

See also:

European Southern Observatory, European Southern Observatory - Facilities, European Southern Observatory - Instruments at La Silla, European Southern Observatory - 2.2m telescope, European Southern Observatory - 3.6m telescope, European Southern Observatory - New Technology Telescope NTT, European Southern Observatory - Instruments at Paranal, European Southern Observatory - Instruments at Llano de Chajnantor

Read more here: » European Southern Observatory: Encyclopedia II - European Southern Observatory - Facilities

A large number of observatories have been launched into orbit, and most of them have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the cosmos. Performing astronomy from the Earth's surface is limited by the filtering and distortion of electromagnetic radiation due to the Earth's atmosphere. This makes it desirable to place astrononomical observation devices into space. As a telescope orbits the Earth outside the atmosphere it is subject neither to twinkling (distortion due to thermal turbulences of the air) nor to light pollution from artificial light s ...

See also:

Space observatory, Space observatory - Introduction, Space observatory - NASA's Great Observatories, Space observatory - Other notable space observatories, Space observatory - Future space observatories

Read more here: » Space observatory: Encyclopedia II - Space observatory - Introduction

The first telescopes may have been Assyrian crystal lenses. Article The Visby lenses tentatively suggest that the technology was known to the Arabs and Persians then to the Vikings in the 10th century. Leonard Digges is sometimes credited with the invention in England in the 1570s, but usually credit for assembling the first telescope is usually given to an unknown Dutch spectacle maker in about 1608. Some name that person as Hans Lippershey (c1570-c1619), but Jacob Metius and Zacharias Jansen also claimed to have invented a telescope ...

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Telescope, Telescope - History, Telescope - Types, Telescope - Telescope mountings, Telescope - Research telescopes, Telescope - Imperfect images, Telescope - The five Seidel aberrations, Telescope - The chromatic aberrations, Telescope - Famous optical telescopes, Telescope - Related lists

Read more here: » Telescope: Encyclopedia II - Telescope - History

There are currently six methods of detecting extrasolar planets which are too faint relative to their much brighter host stars to be directly detected by present conventional optical means. The planned Space Interferometry Mission, Terrestrial Planet Finder and Darwin would all try to examine planets in a more direct fashion. Extrasolar planet - Pulsar timing. The first method used to discover extra-solar planets was to observe anomalies in the regularity of pulses from a pulsar. This led to the 'di ...

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Extrasolar planet, Extrasolar planet - History of detection, Extrasolar planet - Methods of detection, Extrasolar planet - Pulsar timing, Extrasolar planet - Astrometry, Extrasolar planet - Radial velocity, Extrasolar planet - Gravitational microlensing, Extrasolar planet - Transit method, Extrasolar planet - Circumstellar disks, Extrasolar planet - Direct observation, Extrasolar planet - Solar system formation processes, Extrasolar planet - Notable extrasolar planets, Extrasolar planet - Table of extremes

Read more here: » Extrasolar planet: Encyclopedia II - Extrasolar planet - Methods of detection

For any arbitrary length , the fine-structure constant is the ratio of two energies: (i) the energy needed to bring two electrons from infinity to a distance of against their electrostatic repulsion, and (ii) the energy of a single photon of wavelength . Historically, the first physical interpretation of the fine-structure constant, , was the ratio of the velocity of the electron in the first circular orbit of the Bohr atom to the speed of light in vacuum. It appears naturally in Sommerfeld's analysis and determines the size o ...

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Fine-structure constant, Fine-structure constant - Physical interpretation, Fine-structure constant - Is the fine structure constant really constant?, Fine-structure constant - Anthropic explanation, Fine-structure constant - Numerological explanations

Read more here: » Fine-structure constant: Encyclopedia II - Fine-structure constant - Physical interpretation

A brief treatment of some of the arguments and counter-arguments is given below. For more detail and discussion see the external links. Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Issues of photographs. Believers in the hoax have alleged various issues with photographs claimed to have been taken on the Moon. Claims and rebuttals 1. Crosshairs on some photos appear to be behind objects, rather than in front of them where they should be, as if the photos were altered. < ...

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Apollo moon landing hoax accusations, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Conspiracy theory, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Motives, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Issues cited in accusations, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Issues of photographs, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Ionizing radiation and heat, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Transmission issues, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Mechanical issues, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Moon rocks, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - People claimed to be included in the hoax, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Stanley Kubrick, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Deaths of key people involved with the Apollo program, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Observing the landing sites, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - NASA's rebuttal cancelled, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Flat Earth Society, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Pop culture

Read more here: » Apollo moon landing hoax accusations: Encyclopedia II - Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Issues cited in accusations

As of 2005, the Milky Way is thought to comprise a large barred spiral galaxy of Hubble type SBbc (loosely wound barred spiral) with a total mass of about 1012 solar masses (M☉), comprising 200-400 billion stars [1]. It was only in the 1980s that astronomers began to suspect that the Milky Way is a barred spiral rather than an ordinary spiral, which observations in 2005 with the Spitzer Space Telescope have since confirmed, showing that the galaxy's central bar i ...

See also:

Milky Way, Milky Way - Age, Milky Way - Structure, Milky Way - The Sun's place in the Milky Way, Milky Way - The galactic neighborhood, Milky Way - Speed through space, Milky Way - Mythology, Milky Way - Future of Milky Way

Read more here: » Milky Way: Encyclopedia II - Milky Way - Structure

The first telescopes may have been Assyrian crystal lenses. Article Though the Visby lenses tentatively suggest that the technology was known to the Arabs and then to the Vikings in the 10th century, credit for assembling the first telescope is usually given to an unknown Dutch spectacle maker in about 1608. Some name that person as Hans Lippershey (c1570-c1619). Even if Lippershey did not make the first one, he publicized it. Galileo Galilei made his own telescope in 1609, calling it at first a perspicillum, and then using the ...

See also:

Telescope, Telescope - History, Telescope - Types, Telescope - Telescope mountings, Telescope - Research telescopes, Telescope - Imperfect images, Telescope - The five Seidel aberrations, Telescope - The chromatic aberrations, Telescope - Famous optical telescopes, Telescope - Related lists

Read more here: » Telescope: Encyclopedia II - Telescope - History

A brief treatment of some of the arguments and counter-arguments is given below. For more detail and discussion see the external links. Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Issues of photographs. Believers in the hoax have alleged various issues with photographs apparently taken on the Moon. Claims and rebuttals 1. Crosshairs on some photos appear to be behind objects, rather than in front of them where they should be, as if the photos were altered. In photo ...

See also:

Apollo moon landing hoax accusations, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Introduction, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Conspiracy theory, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Falsifiability - a case study, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - NASA's rebuttal cancelled, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Issues and controversies, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Issues of photographs, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Ionizing radiation and heat, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Transmission issues, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Mechanical issues, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Moon rocks, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Individuals featuring in the controversy, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Stanley Kubrick, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Deaths of key people involved with the Apollo program, Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Motives

Read more here: » Apollo moon landing hoax accusations: Encyclopedia II - Apollo moon landing hoax accusations - Issues and controversies

As of 2005, the Milky Way is thought to comprise a large barred spiral galaxy of Hubble type SBbc (loosely wound barred spiral) with a total mass of about 1012 solar masses (M☉), comprising 200-400 billion stars [1]. It was only in the 1980s that astronomers began to suspect that the Milky Way is a barred spiral rather than an ordinary spiral, which observations in 2005 with the Spitzer Space Telescope have since confirmed, showing that the galaxy's central bar i ...

See also:

Milky Way, Milky Way - Age, Milky Way - Structure, Milky Way - The Sun's place in the Milky Way, Milky Way - The galactic neighborhood, Milky Way - Speed through space, Milky Way - Mythology, Milky Way - Future of Milky Way, Milky Way - Special characters

Read more here: » Milky Way: Encyclopedia II - Milky Way - Structure