Veronese Riddle

Many more European documents seem to confirm that the distinctive traits of Romance languages occurred all around the same time (e.g. France's Serments de Strasburg). This may well be the earliest document in Italian, though the Placito Capuano, dating to 960 AD, is the one to give official status to the new language, being the first verdict of a judge ever spoken and recorded in an Italian court. Objections have been raised as to whether the Indovinello Veronese (which shows far more archaic traits) is really Italian, or, rather, late Latin: much obvious ...

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Veronese Riddle, Veronese Riddle - Text, Veronese Riddle - Explanation and origins of the Indovinello, Veronese Riddle - Text analysis and comments, Veronese Riddle - Conclusion, Veronese Riddle - External link

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Vulgar Latin (in Latin, sermo vulgaris) is a blanket term covering the vernacular dialects of the Latin language spoken mostly in the western provinces of the Roman Empire until those dialects, diverging still further, evolved into the early Romance languages — a distinction usually assigned to about the ninth century. This spoken Latin differed from the literary language of classical Latin in its pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. Some features of Vulgar Latin did not appear until the late Empire. Other features ...

Including:

• Vulgar Latin - What was Vulgar Latin?
• Vulgar Latin - Phonology
• Vulgar Latin - Vowels
• Vulgar Latin - Consonants
• Vulgar Latin - Evidence of changes
• Vulgar Latin - Vocabulary
• Vulgar Latin - Grammar
• Vulgar Latin - The loss of the noun case system
• Vulgar Latin - The Romance articles
• Vulgar Latin - Gender: loss of the neuter
• Vulgar Latin - Prepositions multiply
• Vulgar Latin - Adverbs
• Vulgar Latin - Verbs

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Venetian or Venetan is a Romance language spoken by over two million people, mostly in the Veneto region of Italy. The language is called veneto in Venetian, vèneto in Italian; the variant spoken in Venice is called venessian or veneziano, respectively. Although commonly referred to as an Italian dialect (diałeto, dialetto), even by its ...

Including:

• Venetian language - Classification
• Venetian language - Geographic distribution
• Venetian language - Language features
• Venetian language - Familial attributes
• Venetian language - Specific attributes
• Venetian language - Writing system
• Venetian language - English words of Venetian origin

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Venetian language - Familial attributes. Like all Romance languages, Venetian has mostly abandoned the Latin case system, in favor of prepositions and a more rigid subject-verb-object sentence structure. It has thus become more analytic, if not quite as much as English. Venetian also has the Romance articles, both definite (derived from the Latin demonstrative ille) ...

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Venetian language, Venetian language - History, Venetian language - Geographic distribution, Venetian language - Classification, Venetian language - Regional variants, Venetian language - Language features, Venetian language - Familial attributes, Venetian language - Specific attributes, Venetian language - Writing system, Venetian language - English words of Venetian origin

Read more here: » Venetian language: Encyclopedia II - Venetian language - Language features

Vulgar Latin - The loss of the noun case system. The sound changes that were occurring in Vulgar Latin made the noun case system of Classical Latin harder to sustain, and ultimately spelled doom for the system of Latin declensions. As a result of the untenability of the noun case system after these phonetic changes, vulgar Latin moved from being a synthetic language to an analytic language where word order is a necessary element of syntax. Consider what the loss of final /m/, the loss of phonemic vowel length, and the sound shift from AE /ae/ to E /e/ entailed for a typical f ...

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Vulgar Latin, Vulgar Latin - What was Vulgar Latin?, Vulgar Latin - Phonology, Vulgar Latin - Vowels, Vulgar Latin - Consonants, Vulgar Latin - Evidence of changes, Vulgar Latin - Vocabulary, Vulgar Latin - Grammar, Vulgar Latin - The loss of the noun case system, Vulgar Latin - The Romance articles, Vulgar Latin - Gender: loss of the neuter, Vulgar Latin - Prepositions multiply, Vulgar Latin - Adverbs, Vulgar Latin - Verbs

Read more here: » Vulgar Latin: Encyclopedia II - Vulgar Latin - Grammar

Venetian language - Familial attributes. Like all Romance languages, Venetian has mostly abandoned the Latin case system, in favor of prepositions and a more rigid subject-verb-object sentence structure. It has thus become more analytic, if not quite as much as English. Venetian also has the Romance articles, both definite (derived from the Latin demonstrative ille) ...

See also:

Venetian language, Venetian language - Classification, Venetian language - Geographic distribution, Venetian language - Language features, Venetian language - Familial attributes, Venetian language - Specific attributes, Venetian language - Writing system, Venetian language - English words of Venetian origin

Read more here: » Venetian language: Encyclopedia II - Venetian language - Language features

Italian is the official language of Italy and San Marino, and is an official language in Ticino and Grigioni cantons of Switzerland. It is also the second official language in Vatican City and in some areas of Istria in Slovenia and Croatia with an Italian minority. It is also widely known and taught in Monaco and in the neighbouring island of Malta and served as an official language of the country until English was enshrined in the 1934 Constitution. It is ...

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Italian language, Italian language - History, Italian language - Classification, Italian language - Geographic distribution, Italian language - Official status, Italian language - Dialects and regional languages of Italy, Italian language - Sounds, Italian language - Vowels, Italian language - Consonants, Italian language - Assimilation, Italian language - Grammar, Italian language - Writing system, Italian language - Usage among Younger Generations, Italian language - Examples, Italian language - Sample texts

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Venetian descends from Latin, possibly influenced by the Venetic substratum and by the languages of the Germanic tribes (Visigoths, Ostrogoths and Lombards) who invaded northern Italy in the 5th century. The earliest texts that can be recognized as "Venetian" date from the 13th century. The language enjoyed substantial prestige in the days of the Venetian Republic, when it attained the status of a lingua franca in the Mediterranean. The plays of Carlo Goldoni are still performed today, and his characters — including Harlequin, Colum ...

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Venetian language, Venetian language - History, Venetian language - Geographic distribution, Venetian language - Classification, Venetian language - Regional variants, Venetian language - Language features, Venetian language - Familial attributes, Venetian language - Specific attributes, Venetian language - Writing system, Venetian language - English words of Venetian origin

Read more here: » Venetian language: Encyclopedia II - Venetian language - History

Certain words from Classical Latin were dropped from the vocabulary. Classical equus, "horse", was consistently replaced by caballus, "nag" (but note Romanian iapă, Sardinian èbba, and Spanish yegua, all meaning "mare" and deriving from Classical equa). Classical aequor, "sea", yielded to mare universally. A very partial listing of words that are exclusively Classical, and those that were productive in Romance ...

See also:

Vulgar Latin, Vulgar Latin - What was Vulgar Latin?, Vulgar Latin - Phonology, Vulgar Latin - Vowels, Vulgar Latin - Consonants, Vulgar Latin - Evidence of changes, Vulgar Latin - Vocabulary, Vulgar Latin - Grammar, Vulgar Latin - The loss of the noun case system, Vulgar Latin - The Romance articles, Vulgar Latin - Gender: loss of the neuter, Vulgar Latin - Prepositions multiply, Vulgar Latin - Adverbs, Vulgar Latin - Verbs

Read more here: » Vulgar Latin: Encyclopedia II - Vulgar Latin - Vocabulary

Venetian descends from Latin, like all other Romance languages (including Italian and the other so-called Italian dialects). However, Venetian and Italian branch off from each other after Italo-Western; whereas Venetian and Spanish branch off after Gallo-Iberian, and Venetian and French don't branch off until after Gallo-Romance. Therefore Venetian is genetically closer to French and Spanish than to Italian. Although French and Venetian are now mutually intelligibile only to a small degree (mostly due to major changes in French pronun ...

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Venetian language, Venetian language - History, Venetian language - Geographic distribution, Venetian language - Classification, Venetian language - Regional variants, Venetian language - Language features, Venetian language - Familial attributes, Venetian language - Specific attributes, Venetian language - Writing system, Venetian language - English words of Venetian origin

Read more here: » Venetian language: Encyclopedia II - Venetian language - Classification

Italian language - Vowels. Italian has seven vowel phonemes: /a/, /e/, /ɛ/, /i/, /o/, /ɔ/, /u/. The pairs See also:

Italian language, Italian language - History, Italian language - Classification, Italian language - Geographic distribution, Italian language - Official status, Italian language - Dialects and regional languages of Italy, Italian language - Sounds, Italian language - Vowels, Italian language - Consonants, Italian language - Assimilation, Italian language - Grammar, Italian language - Writing system, Italian language - Usage among Younger Generations, Italian language - Examples, Italian language - Sample texts

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Venetian does not have an official writing system, but it is commonly written using the Latin alphabet — sometimes with the addition of a couple of letters and/or diacritics for the sounds that do not exist in Italian, such as ç for [θ] or (recently) ł for the "soft" l. Otherwise, the spelling rules are mostly those of Italian, except that x traditionally sounds similar to the z in English zero. Unlike Italian, Venetian allows the consonant cluster [s][tʃ], which is usually written s- ...

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Venetian language, Venetian language - History, Venetian language - Geographic distribution, Venetian language - Classification, Venetian language - Regional variants, Venetian language - Language features, Venetian language - Familial attributes, Venetian language - Specific attributes, Venetian language - Writing system, Venetian language - English words of Venetian origin

Read more here: » Venetian language: Encyclopedia II - Venetian language - Writing system

Vulgar Latin - Vowels. One profound change that affected every Romance language reordered the vowel system of classical Latin. Latin had ten distinct vowels: long and short versions of A, E, I, O, V, and three diphthongs, AE, OE and AV (four according to some, including VI). There were also long and short versions of the Greek borrowing, Y. Apart from Sardinian, what happened to Vulgar Latin can b ...

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Vulgar Latin, Vulgar Latin - What was Vulgar Latin?, Vulgar Latin - Phonology, Vulgar Latin - Vowels, Vulgar Latin - Consonants, Vulgar Latin - Evidence of changes, Vulgar Latin - Vocabulary, Vulgar Latin - Grammar, Vulgar Latin - The loss of the noun case system, Vulgar Latin - The Romance articles, Vulgar Latin - Gender: loss of the neuter, Vulgar Latin - Prepositions multiply, Vulgar Latin - Adverbs, Vulgar Latin - Verbs

Read more here: » Vulgar Latin: Encyclopedia II - Vulgar Latin - Phonology

The main regional variants and sub-variants of Venetian are Central (Padua, Vicenza, Polesine), with about 1,500,000 speakers. Eastern/Coastal (Venice, Grado, Trieste, Istria, Fiume). Western (Verona, Trent). North-Central (Treviso, Conegliano Veneto). Northern (Belluno, Feltre, Agordi, Cadore, Zolda). All these variants are mutually intellegible, with a minimum 92% between the most diverging ones (Central and Western). Modern speakers reportedly can still u ...

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Venetian language, Venetian language - History, Venetian language - Geographic distribution, Venetian language - Classification, Venetian language - Regional variants, Venetian language - Language features, Venetian language - Familial attributes, Venetian language - Specific attributes, Venetian language - Writing system, Venetian language - English words of Venetian origin

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The name "vulgar" simply means "common": it derives from the Latin word uulgaris, meaning "common", or "of the people". "Vulgar Latin" to Latinists has a variety of meanings. It means the spoken Latin of the Roman Empire. Classical Latin was always a rather artificial literary language; the Latin brought by Roman soldiers to Gaul, Iberia or Dacia was not necessarily the Latin of Cicero. By this definition, Vulgar Latin was a spoken language, "late" Latin being used for writing (the general style being a bit different from ...

See also:

Vulgar Latin, Vulgar Latin - What was Vulgar Latin?, Vulgar Latin - Phonology, Vulgar Latin - Vowels, Vulgar Latin - Consonants, Vulgar Latin - Evidence of changes, Vulgar Latin - Vocabulary, Vulgar Latin - Grammar, Vulgar Latin - The loss of the noun case system, Vulgar Latin - The Romance articles, Vulgar Latin - Gender: loss of the neuter, Vulgar Latin - Prepositions multiply, Vulgar Latin - Adverbs, Vulgar Latin - Verbs

Read more here: » Vulgar Latin: Encyclopedia II - Vulgar Latin - What was Vulgar Latin?

You can hear a recording of Dante's Divine Comedy read by Lino Pertile at http://etcweb.princeton.edu/dante/pdp/. From the Holy Bible, Luke 2, 1-7 (for an English version see http://www.gnpcb.org/esv/search/?q=luke+2) You can listen to a rendition of this text as recorded by an Italian native speaker from Milan. 2:1 In quei giorni, un decreto di Cesare Augusto ordinava che si facesse un censimento di tutta la terra. 2 Questo primo censimento fu fatto quando Quirino era governatore della Siria. 3See also:

Italian language, Italian language - History, Italian language - Classification, Italian language - Geographic distribution, Italian language - Official status, Italian language - Dialects and regional languages of Italy, Italian language - Sounds, Italian language - Vowels, Italian language - Consonants, Italian language - Assimilation, Italian language - Grammar, Italian language - Writing system, Italian language - Usage among Younger Generations, Italian language - Examples, Italian language - Sample texts

Read more here: » Italian language: Encyclopedia II - Italian language - Sample texts

The name "vulgar" simply means "common": it derives from the Latin word vulgaris, meaning "common", or "of the people". "Vulgar Latin" to Latinists has a variety of meanings. First, it means the spoken Latin of the Roman Empire. Classical Latin was always a rather artificial literary language; the Latin brought by Roman soldiers to Gaul, Iberia or Dacia was not necessarily the Latin of Cicero. By this definition, Vulgar Latin was a spoken language, "late" Latin being used for writing (the general style being a bit differe ...

See also:

Vulgar Latin, Vulgar Latin - What was Vulgar Latin?, Vulgar Latin - Phonology, Vulgar Latin - Vowels, Vulgar Latin - Consonants, Vulgar Latin - Evidence of changes, Vulgar Latin - Vocabulary, Vulgar Latin - Grammar, Vulgar Latin - The loss of the noun case system, Vulgar Latin - The Romance articles, Vulgar Latin - Gender: loss of the neuter, Vulgar Latin - Prepositions multiply, Vulgar Latin - Adverbs, Vulgar Latin - Verbs

Read more here: » Vulgar Latin: Encyclopedia II - Vulgar Latin - What was Vulgar Latin?

Certain words from Classical Latin were dropped from the vocabulary. Classical equus, "horse", was consistently replaced by caballus, "nag". Classical aequor, "sea", yielded to mare universally. A very partial listing of words that are exclusively Classical, and those that were productive in Romance, is to be found in the table to the right. Some of these words, dropped in Romance, were borrowed back as learned words from Latin itself. The vocabulary changes affected even the basic grammatical particles of ...

See also:

Vulgar Latin, Vulgar Latin - What was Vulgar Latin?, Vulgar Latin - Phonology, Vulgar Latin - Vowels, Vulgar Latin - Consonants, Vulgar Latin - Evidence of changes, Vulgar Latin - Vocabulary, Vulgar Latin - Grammar, Vulgar Latin - The loss of the noun case system, Vulgar Latin - The Romance articles, Vulgar Latin - Gender: loss of the neuter, Vulgar Latin - Prepositions multiply, Vulgar Latin - Adverbs, Vulgar Latin - Verbs

Read more here: » Vulgar Latin: Encyclopedia II - Vulgar Latin - Vocabulary

Italian is written using the Latin alphabet. The letters J, K, W, X and Y are not part of the standard Italian alphabet, but are seen in imported words (such as jeans, whiskey, taxi). J may also appear in many words from different dialects. Each of these foreign letters had an Italian equivalent spelling: gi, ch, u, cs or s, and i, but these are now obsolete. Italian uses the acute accent over the letter E (as in pe ...

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Italian language, Italian language - History, Italian language - Classification, Italian language - Geographic distribution, Italian language - Official status, Italian language - Dialects and regional languages of Italy, Italian language - Sounds, Italian language - Vowels, Italian language - Consonants, Italian language - Assimilation, Italian language - Grammar, Italian language - Writing system, Italian language - Usage among Younger Generations, Italian language - Examples, Italian language - Sample texts

Read more here: » Italian language: Encyclopedia II - Italian language - Writing system

Venetian descends from Latin, like all other Romance languages (including Italian and the other so-called Italian dialects). However, Venetian and Italian branch off from each other after Italo-Western; whereas Venetian and Spanish branch off after Gallo-Iberian, and Venetian and French don't branch off until after Gallo-Romance. Therefore Venetian is genetically closer to French and Spanish than to Italian. Although French and Venetian are now mutually intelligibile only to a small degree (mostly due to major changes in French pronun ...

See also:

Venetian language, Venetian language - Classification, Venetian language - Geographic distribution, Venetian language - Language features, Venetian language - Familial attributes, Venetian language - Specific attributes, Venetian language - Writing system, Venetian language - English words of Venetian origin

Read more here: » Venetian language: Encyclopedia II - Venetian language - Classification