Vassa (Thai พรรษา, pansa or phansaa), also called Rains Retreat, is the traditional retreat during the rainy season lasting for three lunar months from July to October. During this time Buddhist monks remain in a single place, generally in their temples. In some monasteries, monks dedicate the vassa to intensive meditation practice. It is followed by two of the major festivals of the year among Theravada Buddhists, including Wan Awk Pansa. The retreat has ...

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vassa (vassaa): Rains Retreat. A period from July to October, corresponding roughly to the rainy season, in which each monk is required to live settled in a single place and not wander freely about.

 (See also: Vassa, Buddhism, Body Mind and Soul)

Vihara is Sanskrit or Pali for (Buddhist) monastery. It originally meant "dwelling" or "refuge", such as those used by wandering monks during the rainy season. In the early decades of Buddhism the wandering monks of the Sangha had no fixed abode, but during the rainy season (Cf. vassa) they stayed in temporary shelters. These dwellings were simple wooden constructions or thatched bamboo huts. However, as it was considered an act of merit not only to feed a monk but also to shelter him, sumptuous monasteries were created by rich ...

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The Ubon Ratchathani Candle Festival is held in Ubon Ratchathani, Isan, Thailand, around the days of Asanha Puja (which commemorates the Buddha’s first sermon) and Wan Kao Pansa (which marks the beginning of vassa). At the start of the Lenten period, it is traditional for the devout to donate to monks items of personal use, such as candles. This part of the festival became the core of the Ubon Ratchathani version of the event. It is now a major event both for residents and for tourists: giant candles are paraded ...

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Wan Awk Pansa (Thai วันออกพรรษา) is the last day of the Thai observance of vassa. It occurs in October, three lunar months after Wan Kao Pansa. The day is celebrated in Isan by illuminated boat processions (Thai ไหลเรือไฟ lai reua fai, Isan ไหลเฮือไฟ lai heua fai), notably in Nakhon Phanom on the Mekong river, and in Ubon Ratchathani on the Mun. The main ceremonies features boats of 8-10 metres in length, formerly made of banana wood or bamboo, but n ...

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Theravada Religious festivals: Vesak Uposatha Vassa (Rain Retreat) Theravada - Temporary Ordination. In most Theravada countries, it is common practice for young men to ordain as monks for a fixed period of time. In Thailand and Myanmar, young men typically ordain for the 3 month Rain Retreat (vassa), though shorter or longer periods of ordination are not uncommon. Traditionally, temporary ordination was even more flexible among Laotians. Once they had undergone their ...

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Theravada, Theravada - History, Theravada - Philosophy, Theravada - Praxis, Theravada - Lay and Monastic Life, Theravada - Meditation, Theravada - Levels of Attainment, Theravada - Festivals and customs, Theravada - Temporary Ordination, Theravada - Buddhist orders within Theravada, Theravada - Criticisms

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Buddhist monasteries, known as vihara, emerged from the practice of vassa, the retreat undertaken by Buddhist monks and nuns during the South Asian rainy season. In order to prevent wandering monks from disturbing new plant growth or becoming stranded in inclement weather, Buddhist monks and nuns were instructed to remain in a fixed location for the roughly three month period typically beginning in mid-July. Outside of the vassa period, monks and nuns both lived a migratory existence, wandering from town to town begging for food. Thes ...

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Monastery, Monastery - Etymology, Monastery - Christian monasteries, Monastery - Orthodox Christian monasteries, Monastery - Latin Catholic and Eastern Catholic monasteries, Monastery - Buddhist monasteries

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Buddhist monasteries, known as vihara, emerged from the practice of vassa, the retreat undertaken by Buddhist monks and nuns during the South Asian rainy season. In order to prevent wandering monks from disturbing new plant growth or becoming stranded in inclement weather, Buddhist monks and nuns were instructed to remain in a fixed location for the roughly three month period typically beginning in mid-July. Outside of the vassa period, monks and nuns both lived a migratory existence, wandering from town to town begging for food. Thes ...

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Monastery, Monastery - Etymology, Monastery - Christian monasteries, Monastery - Orthodox Christian monasteries, Monastery - Latin Catholic and Eastern Catholic Monasticism, Monastery - Buddhist monasteries

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The African works best known in the West from the period of colonization and the slave trade are primarily slave narratives, such as Olaudah Equiano's The Interesting Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Olaudah Equiano, also called Gustavus Vassa, the African (1789). In the colonial period, Africans exposed to Western languages began to write in those tongues. In 1911, Joseph Ephraim Casely-Hayford (also known as Ekra-Agiman) of the Gold Coast (now Ghana) published what is probably the first African novel written in ...

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African literature, African literature - Precolonial African literature, African literature - Colonial African literature, African literature - Postcolonial African literature, African literature - Major African novels, African literature - Major African poets, African literature - Secondary literature

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Theravada (Pali; Sanskrit: Sthaviravada) is one of the eighteen (or twenty) Nikāya schools that formed early in the history of Buddhism. These developed in India during the century subsequent to the death of the Buddha. The name of the school means "Teachings of the Elders" which implies that this was the most conservative school of Buddhism, a school that has attempted to conserve the original teachings of the Buddha. Adherents trace their lineage back to the Sthaviras (Pali: Theras; "Elders") of the First Buddhist Council when 500 arahants, including Mahakasyapa chose a position of orthodoxy to keep all the ...

Including:

• Theravada - History
• Theravada - Philosophy
• Theravada - Praxis
• Theravada - Lay and Monastic Life
• Theravada - Meditation
• Theravada - Levels of Attainment
• Theravada - Festivals and customs
• Theravada - Temporary Ordination
• Theravada - Buddhist orders within Theravada
• Theravada - Criticisms

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Theravada - Lay and Monastic Life. Traditionally, Theravada Buddhism has observed a distinction between the practices suitable for a lay person and the practices undertaken by ordained monks (and, in ancient times, nuns). While the possibility of significant attainment by laymen is not entirely disregarded by the Theravada, it occupies a position of significantly less prominence than in the Mahayana and Vajrayana traditions. This distinction - as well as the distinction between those practices advocated by the Pa ...

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Theravada, Theravada - History, Theravada - Philosophy, Theravada - Praxis, Theravada - Lay and Monastic Life, Theravada - Meditation, Theravada - Levels of Attainment, Theravada - Festivals and customs, Theravada - Temporary Ordination, Theravada - Buddhist orders within Theravada, Theravada - Criticisms

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See Category:Hindu festivals Hindu festivals include: Diwali Holi Navratri Ganesh Chaturthi Rakhi Krishna Janmaashtami Dussehra Dasara Onam Pongal Vijayadashami ...

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Religious festival, Religious festival - Ancient Roman religious festivals, Religious festival - Buddhist religious festivals, Religious festival - Christian religious festivals, Religious festival - Hindu religious festivals, Religious festival - Islamic religious festivals, Religious festival - Messianic Jewish religious festivals, Religious festival - Jewish religious festivals

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See articles at Messianic Judaism 'Messianic Judaism derives most of its liturgical influences directly from Judaism, though it adds additional elements from the Christian tradition. Appointed times, called mo'edim, follow the standard Jewish liturgical calendar, though additional hermenuetical applications are derived in light of the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. Overview of the Mo'edim from a Messianic perspective ...

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Religious festival, Religious festival - Ancient Roman religious festivals, Religious festival - Buddhist religious festivals, Religious festival - Christian religious festivals, Religious festival - Hindu religious festivals, Religious festival - Islamic religious festivals, Religious festival - Messianic Jewish religious festivals, Religious festival - Jewish religious festivals

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See Category:Islamic festivals, Islamic calendar Islamic religious festivals include: Eid festival Aashurah Arba'een Eid ul-Adha Eid ul-Fitr Mawlid ...

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Religious festival, Religious festival - Ancient Roman religious festivals, Religious festival - Buddhist religious festivals, Religious festival - Christian religious festivals, Religious festival - Hindu religious festivals, Religious festival - Islamic religious festivals, Religious festival - Messianic Jewish religious festivals, Religious festival - Jewish religious festivals

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Theravada promote the concept of Vibhajjavada (Pali), literally "Teaching of Analysis" which uses critical methods of investigation as opposed to blind faith. With this method the answer has to be discovered by the aspirant, after being convinced by valid thought and experience, in order to reach the first glimpse of the goal. The Theravadins goal is the achievement of the state of Arahant (lit. "worthy one", "winner of Nibbana"), a life where all (future) birth is at an end, where the holy life is fully achieved, where all that has t ...

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Theravada, Theravada - History, Theravada - Philosophy, Theravada - Praxis, Theravada - Lay and Monastic Life, Theravada - Meditation, Theravada - Levels of Attainment, Theravada - Festivals and customs, Theravada - Temporary Ordination, Theravada - Buddhist orders within Theravada, Theravada - Criticisms

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The diversity of Buddhist thought has sometimes led to criticism of Theravada by other schools, although it is important to note that such criticism is far from universal, and that Buddhists of different schools often interact on terms of mutual respect. Common critiques of Theravada made by Mahayana Buddhists are that Theravada monks aim to achieve enlightenment only for themselves, and that they lack compassion. However, supporters of Theravada emphasize that their religion does not recognize a self at all—famously, as noted in the canon ...

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Theravada, Theravada - History, Theravada - Philosophy, Theravada - Praxis, Theravada - Lay and Monastic Life, Theravada - Meditation, Theravada - Levels of Attainment, Theravada - Festivals and customs, Theravada - Temporary Ordination, Theravada - Buddhist orders within Theravada, Theravada - Criticisms

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