Encyclopedia - Value: Encyclopedia - Value
Value is worth in general, and it is thought to be connected to reasons for certain practices, policies, or actions. Value is "that which...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Judgment: Encyclopedia - Value Judgment
A value judgment is a judgment of the rightness or wrongness of something based on a particular set of values or on a particular value sy...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Value - Personal And Cultural Values
Each individual has a core of underlying values that contribute to our system of beliefs, ideas and/or opinions (see value in semiotics)....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Engineering: Encyclopedia - Value Engineering
Value Engineering is a systematic method to improve the "Value" of goods and services by using an examination of FUNCTION. Value, as defi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value System: Encyclopedia - Value System
A value system is in essence the ordering and prioritization of the ethical and ideological values that an individual or society holds. W...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Asian Values: Encyclopedia - Asian Values
Asian values was a concept that came into vogue in the 1990s, predicated on the belief in the existence in Asian countries of a unique se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Theory: Encyclopedia - Value Theory
Value theory concerns itself with the worth, utility, trading or economic value, moral value, legal value, quantitative or aesthetic valu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Card: Encyclopedia - Value Card
A value card is a behavioral self help device. The individual identifies what aspect(s) of his or her conduct require improvement, makes ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Transfer System: Encyclopedia - Value Transfer System
A value transfer system refers to any system, mechanism, or network of people that receives money for the purpose of making the funds or ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Semiotics: Encyclopedia - Value Semiotics
In semiotics, the value of a sign depends on its position and relations in the system of signification and upon the particular codes bein...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Values Survey: Encyclopedia - World Values Survey
The World Values Survey is an academic project by social scientists to assess the state of sociocultural and political values of differen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Absolute Value: Encyclopedia - Absolute Value
In mathematics, the absolute value (or modulus1) of a real number is its numerical value without regard to its sign. So, for example, 3 i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Combined Loan To Value: Encyclopedia - Combined Loan To Value
Combined Loan To Value (ratio) (CLTV) is the proportion of loans (secured by a property) in relation to its value. The term "Combined Loa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Computer Science: Encyclopedia - Value Computer Science
In computer science, a value may be a number, literal string, array and anything that can be treated as if it were a number. In other wor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value At Risk: Encyclopedia - Value At Risk
In economics and finance, value at risk (VaR) is a measure (a number) saying how the market value of an asset or of a portfolio of assets...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Added: Encyclopedia - Value Added
Value added refers to the additional value created at a particular stage of production or through image and marketing. In modern neoclass...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Universal Values: Encyclopedia - Universal Values
A set of values that are thought to apply universally. The discussion of universal values often start off with the discussion of Intrinsi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boundary Value Problem: Encyclopedia - Boundary Value Problem
In mathematics, a boundary value problem consists of a differential equation to be satisfied at all points in the interior of an interval...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Of Life: Encyclopedia - Value Of Life
The value of life is an economic or moral value assigned to life in general, or to specific living organisms. In social and political sci...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Note Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Note Value - History Of Note Values
Note value - Gregorian chant. Although note heads of various shapes, and notes with and without stems appear in early Gregorian chant m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Surplus Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Surplus Value - Definition Of Surplus Value
Total surplus-value in an economy (Marx refers to the mass or volume of surplus-value) is basically equal to the sum of net distributed a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Surplus Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Surplus Value - Measurement Of Surplus Value
The first attempt to measure the rate of surplus-value in money-units was by Marx himself in chapter 9 of Das Kapital, using factory data...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Surplus Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Surplus Value - Surplus Value And Taxation
In general, business leaders and investors are hostile to any attempts to encroach on total profit volume, especially those of government...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Computer Science: Encyclopedia Ii - Value Computer Science - In C: L-value And R-value
Some languages use the idea of l-value and r-value. L-values are values that have addresses, meaning they are variables or dereferenced r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value System: Encyclopedia Ii - Value System - Characteristics Of Value Systems
Value systems can be categorized along multiple axes: They can be personal, held by an individual and applicable only to an individual, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value System: Encyclopedia Ii - Value System - Defining Values
Some fundamental values that most people seem to share, at least in theory, are: "It's wrong to hurt, to harm, or especially to kill ano...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value System: Encyclopedia Ii - Value System - Definitions
Value system - Values. In order to define value systems, we need to define the characteristics of values that could be represented in a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Value - Marketing
In marketing, the value of a product is the consumer's expectations of product quality in relation to the actual amount paid for it. It i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Value - Economics
In general, the value of something is how much a product or service is worth to someone relative to other things (often measured in money...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Value - Law
In law, particularly with respect to contracts, value is a concept closely related, but not identical, to that of consideration. At commo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Book Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Book Value - Net Book Value
The term is often used interchangeably with "net book value", which is the original acquisition cost, less accumulated depreciation, depl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Present Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Present Value - Present Value Formula
One hundred units 1 year from now at 5% interest rate is today worth: So the present value of 100 units 1 year from now at 5% is 95.23...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Value Theory - Characteristics
Values are implicitly related to a degree of behavioural freedom or autonomy by organisms which goes beyond a conditioned response; value...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Value Theory - Sociology
In sociology, value theory is concerned with personal values which are popularly held by a community, and how those values might change u...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Absolute Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Absolute Value - Absolute Value Functions
The real absolute value function is continuous everywhere. It is differentiable everywhere except for x = 0. It is monotonically decreasi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Par Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Par Value - Equities
Par value of an equity (a stock) is a somewhat archaic concept. The par value of a stock was the share price upon initial offering; the c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Use Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Use Value - Use Value And Utility
Marx's concept of use-value seems akin to, but in reality differs from the neoclassical concept of utility. Marx usually assumes in his ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Exchange Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Exchange Value - Exchange Value And The Transformation Of Values Into Prices
In volumes I and II of Capital, Marx usually assumed that exchange values were equal to values, and that prices were proportional to valu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - Law Of Value In Capitalism
Marx argues that as economic exchange develops and markets expand, the law of value is modified in its operation. Thus, capitalism is a t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - Economic Value As Such
Economic value exists necessarily, according to Marx, because human beings as social and moral beings must co-operatively produce their m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Exchange Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Exchange Value - Exchange Value And Commodification
In the first chapters of Das Kapital, Marx traces out a brief logical summary of the development of the forms of trade, beginning with ba...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Value Theory - Psychology
In psychology, value theory refers to the study of the way in which human beings develop, assert and believe in certain values, and act o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Use Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Use Value - Indifferent To Use Value?
Some have claimed that capitalists are basically "indifferent" to the use-value of the goods and services in which they trade, since what...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Value Theory - Origins
Research suggests both human beings and at least some other sentient organisms can hold values, which express themselves in behavioural d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Option Time Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Option Time Value - Time Value
Time value is, as above, the difference between option value and intrinsic value, i.e. Time Value = Option Value - Intrinsic Value. Mor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Book Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Book Value - In Valuation
Book value of a firm -- that is the total of the net book value of all of the firm's assets -- is generally lower than the market capital...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Absolute Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Absolute Value - Fields
The fundamental properties of the absolute value for real numbers given in Proposition 2 above, can be used to generalize the notion of a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shapley Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Shapley Value - Properties
The Shapley value has the following desirable properties: 1. φi(v) ≥ v({i}) for every i in N, i.e. every actor gets at least as much a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value System: Encyclopedia Ii - Value System - Examples Of Conflicting Value Systems
This section is devoted to the process of using rational analysis to resolve conflicts between value systems. Value system - Individuali...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Note Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Note Value - Note Value Names And Symbols
A note value does not stand for any absolute duration, but can only be understood in relation to other note values. In the table below, e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Surplus Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Surplus Value - Production Versus Realisation Of Surplus-value
Marx distinguished sharply between value and price, in part because of the sharp distinction he draws between the production of surplus-v...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Surplus Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Surplus Value - Origin Of The Forms Of Surplus-value In Trade
Surplus-value is not a fixed category but a dialectical, developing one, because the forms in which new value is created and appropriated...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Semiotics: Encyclopedia Ii - Value Semiotics - Definitions
Drawing from the original definition proposed by Saussure (1857-1913), a sign has two parts: as a signifier, i.e. it will have a form th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - Criticism
Traditionally, criticism of Marx's law of value has been of three kinds: conceptual logical empirical The conceptual criticism concerns...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Surplus Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Surplus Value - Five Measures Of The Rate Of Surplus Value
According to Marx's theory of exploitation, living labour at an adequate level of productivity is able to create and conserve more value ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Surplus Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Surplus Value - Appropriation Of Surplus-value From Production
Both in Das Kapital and in preparatory manuscripts such as the Grundrisse and Results of the immediate process of production, Marx shows ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Surplus Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Surplus Value - The Significance Of The Mass Of Surplus Value
Most Marxist discussions focus on the rate of surplus value, but for businessmen, the growth of the mass of surplus-value, or the profit ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Surplus Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Surplus Value - Surplus Value And The Circuits Of Capital
Generally, Marx focused in Das Kapital on the new surplus-value generated by production, and the distribution of this surplus value. In t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shock Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Shock Value - Shock Value In Advertising
Shock value is often used in the world of commercials in order to gain attention for the product or service in offer. For example, Benett...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Surplus Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Surplus Value - Complicating Factors In Assessing Surplus Value
Complicating factors in assessing surplus-value are: state intermediation, where profit and wage income is taxed on the one side, and su...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Surplus Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Surplus Value - Absolute And Relative Surplus Value
According to Marx, absolute surplus value is obtained by increasing the amount of time worked per worker in an accounting period. Marx ta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Option Time Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Option Time Value - Intrinsic Value
Intrinsic value is the difference between the exercise price of the option (strike price, K) and the current value of the underlying inst...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Surplus Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Surplus Value - The Moral And Power Dimension Of Surplus Value
A typical textbook-type example of an alternative interpretation to Marx's is provided by Lester Thurow. "In a capitalistic society", he ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Absolute Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Absolute Value - Algorithms
In the C programming language, the abs(), labs(), llabs() (in C99), fabs(), fabsf(), and fabsl() functions compute the absolute value of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Option Time Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Option Time Value - Option Value
Option value (i.e. price) is found via a formula such as Black-Scholes or using a numerical method such as the Binomial model. This price...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - P-value: Encyclopedia Ii - P-value - Interpretation
Generally, one rejects the null hypothesis if the p-value is smaller than the test level. If the level is 0.05, then the probability that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value System: Encyclopedia Ii - Value System - Laws Of Robotics
One example of a value system is Isaac Asimov's Laws of Robotics. It is intended as value system for robots in the hypothetical future of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Surplus Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Surplus Value - Criticism Of Marx's Concept
Some economic historians argue that Marx did not discover the concept of surplus-value, because other political economists (e.g. Karl Rod...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Surplus Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Surplus Value - Different Concepts Of Surplus
In neo-Marxist thought, Paul A. Baran for example substitutes the concept of "economic surplus" for Marx's surplus value. In a joint work...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Expected Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Expected Value - Properties
Expected value - Linearity. The expected value operator (or expectation operator) E is linear in the sense that for any two random v...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Expected Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Expected Value - Properties
Expected value - Linearity. The expected value operator (or expectation operator) E is linear in the sense that for any two random v...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Principal Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Principal Value - Motivation
Consider the complex logarithm function log z. It is defined as the complex number w such that Now, for example, say we wish to find l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Time Value Of Money: Encyclopedia Ii - Time Value Of Money - Time Value Of Money: Conversion Factors
Time value of money - Present value future value. The following factors can convert between present value P and future value F: w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fact-value Distinction: Encyclopedia Ii - Fact-value Distinction - The Fact-value Problem
The problem of the unexamined acceptance of the fact-value distinction is two-fold. Firstly, the idea itself is not self-sufficient. The ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - A Comment By Marx On The Law Of Value
In his letter to Kugelmann of July 11, 1868, Karl Marx commented gruffly: "As for the Centralblatt, the man is making the greatest conces...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Absolute Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Absolute Value - Distance
The absolute value is closely related to the idea of distance. As noted above, the absolute value of a real or complex number is the dist...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - The Law Of Value In Non-capitalist Societies
There has been a long and drawn-out debate among Marxists about whether the law of value also operates in non-capitalist societies where ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Exchange Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Exchange Value - Exchange Value And Price According To Marx
Strictly speaking, the exchange value of a commodity is for Marx not identical to its price, but represents rather what (quantity of) oth...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Absolute Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Absolute Value - Real Numbers
For any real number a, the absolute value or modulus of a, is denoted 2 | a | , and is defined as As can be seen from the above defini...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goodness And Value Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Goodness And Value Theory - Meta-ethics And Inherent Values
Goodness and value theory - Values pluralism and the grading of values. There is a succession of things which can be considered as intr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - Factors Counteracting The Law Of Value
The main factors counteracting the operation of the law of value, as a law of economic exchange, are: structural unequal exchange - alte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mean Value Theorem: Encyclopedia Ii - Mean Value Theorem - Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem
Cauchy's mean value theorem, also known as the extended mean value theorem, is the more general form of the mean value theorem. It states...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Law Of Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Law Of Value - Modification Of The Law Of Value In The World Market
Marx believed that the operation of the law of value was not only modified by the capitalist mode of production, but also in the world ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Use Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Use Value - The Role Of Use Value In Political Economy
In his very influential text The Theory of Capitalist Development (1942), American Marxist Paul Sweezy claimed that: "Use-value is an exp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mean Value Theorem: Encyclopedia Ii - Mean Value Theorem - Mean Value Theorems For Integration
The first mean value theorem for integration states If G : [a, b] → R is a continuous function and φ : [a, b] → R is an i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Absolute Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Absolute Value - Complex Numbers
Since the complex numbers are not ordered, the definition given above for the real absolute value, can not be directly generalized for a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Use Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Use Value - Origin And Definition
These four concepts (value, use value, exchange value and price) have a very long history in economic and philosophical thought, from Ari...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Time Value Of Money: Encyclopedia Ii - Time Value Of Money - Examples
Time value of money - Example #1: Future value. One hundred dollars invested today at an interest rate of 5% per year will be worth: ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shapley Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Shapley Value - Formal Definition
To formalize this situation, we use the notion of a coalitional game: we start out with a set N (of players) and a (worth function) funct...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Value Migration - Three Stages
There are three stages to value migration: Value inflow stage - value is absorbed from other companies or industries Value stability sta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intermediate Value Theorem: Encyclopedia Ii - Intermediate Value Theorem - Intermediate Value Theorem
The intermediate value theorem states the following: Suppose that I is an interval [a, b] in the real numbers R and that f : I → R...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Value Added: Encyclopedia Ii - Value Added - Marxian Interpretation
Karl Marx's concept of the value product is similar to the national accounting concept of net national product, or net value added. It is...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Book Value: Insurance Terms Dictionary - Book Value
Definition and meaning of Book Value :   Book Value: Refers to the value of assets as shown in the official accounting records ...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Book Value: Insurance Terms Dictionary - Book Value
Definition and meaning of Book Value :   Book Value: Refers to the value of assets as shown in the official accounting records ...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Cash Value: Insurance Terms Dictionary - Cash Value
Definition and meaning of Cash Value :   Cash Value: See Actual Cash Value. (Source: InsWeb)   Also see these pages: ...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Cash Value: Insurance Terms Dictionary - Cash Value
Definition and meaning of Cash Value :   Cash Value: See Actual Cash Value. (Source: InsWeb)   Also see these pages: ...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Convention Values: Insurance Terms Dictionary - Convention Values
Definition and meaning of Convention Values :   Convention Values: Values assigned to insurers' assets in the convention blank....   » Read the article

Dictionary - Convention Values: Insurance Terms Dictionary - Convention Values
Definition and meaning of Convention Values :   Convention Values: Values assigned to insurers' assets in the convention blank....   » Read the article

Dictionary - Valued: Insurance Terms Dictionary - Valued
Definition and meaning of Valued :   Valued: Relating to an agreement by an insurer to pay a specified amount of money to or on...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Valued: Insurance Terms Dictionary - Valued
Definition and meaning of Valued :   Valued: Relating to an agreement by an insurer to pay a specified amount of money to or on...   » Read the article