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value

A Wisdom Archive on value

value

A selection of articles related to value

value, Value, Value - Computer science, Value - Economics, Value - Law, Value - Marketing, Value - Mathematics, Value - Personal and cultural values, Anthropological theories of value, Fair value for more general discussions of economic value., Moral character

ARTICLES RELATED TO value

value: Encyclopedia - Commutation test semiotics

In semiotics, the commutation test is used to identify the value or signficance of any of the signifiers used in the material to be analysed. Commutation test semiotics - Discussion. The first stage of development in semiotics related to the spoken and/or written form of language. Later, it was expanded to cover all sign systems that have an informational content. As Umberto Eco says, "A sign is everything which can be taken as significantly substituting for something else." (1976) Semiotics studies ...

Including:

Read more here: » Commutation test semiotics: Encyclopedia - Commutation test semiotics

value: Encyclopedia - Aestheticization of violence

Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy that studies the nature of beauty and the moral value of art, so the aestheticization of violence is the process of making the act and the product of violence appear attractive. Aestheticization of violence - The power of art. High culture has the capacity to aestheticize violence into a form of autonomous art. "If any human act evokes the aesthetic experience of the sublime, certainly it is the act of murder. And if murder can be experienced aesthetically, the murdere ...

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Read more here: » Aestheticization of violence: Encyclopedia - Aestheticization of violence

value: Encyclopedia - Commodity

The word commodity is a term with distinct meanings in business and in Marxian political economy. For the former, it is a largely homogenous product, whereas for the latter, it refers generically to wares offered for exchange. Linguistically, the word commodity came into use in English in the 15th century, being derived from the French word "commodité" meaning "benefit, profit", similar in meaning to biens (goods). The Latin root meaning is commoditas, referring variously to the appropriate measure of some ...

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Read more here: » Commodity: Encyclopedia - Commodity

value: Encyclopedia - Subtractive color

Subtractive color explains the theory of mixing paints, dyes, inks, and natural colorants to create colors which absorb some wavelengths of light and reflect others. The color that an object appears to have is based on what parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are reflected by it, or conversely by what parts of the spectrum are not absorbed. Anything that is not additive color is subtractive color. Color is not an absolute, but depends on the details of human color vision, which varies between individuals. Although color can be measured by instruments, such instrument ...

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Read more here: » Subtractive color: Encyclopedia - Subtractive color

value: Encyclopedia - Analytic philosophy

Analytic philosophy is the dominant philosophical movement in University philosophy departments in English-speaking countries, although one of its founders, Gottlob Frege, was German, and many of its leading proponents, such as Ludwig Wittgenstein, Rudolf Carnap, Kurt Gödel and Karl Popper, were Austrian. Logic and philosophy of language were central strands of analytic philosophy from the beginning, although this dominance has diminished greatly. Several lines of thought originate from the early, language-and-logic part of th ...

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Read more here: » Analytic philosophy: Encyclopedia - Analytic philosophy

value: Encyclopedia - Human

Humans or human beings define themselves in biological, social, and spiritual terms. Biologically, humans are classified as the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for "wise man" or "thinking man"): a bipedal primate of the superfamily Hominoidea, together with the other apes: chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons. Humans have an erect body carriage that frees their upper limbs for manipulating objects and a highly developed brain capable of abstract reasoning, speech, language, and ...

Including:

Read more here: » Human: Encyclopedia - Human

value: Encyclopedia - Lottery

A lottery is a popular form of gambling which involves the drawing of lots for a prize. Some governments forbid it, while others endorse it to the extent of organizing a national lottery. Lottery - Countries with a national lottery. Argentina: Quiniela, Loto and various others. Austria: Lotto 6 aus 45 and Zahlenlotto Australia: Australian Lottery Games, Powerball Belgium: Loterie Nationale or Nationale Loterij Brazil: ...

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Read more here: » Lottery: Encyclopedia - Lottery

value: Encyclopedia - Money

Money is any marketable good or token used by a society as a store of value, a medium of exchange, and a unit of account. Since the needs arise naturally, societies organically create one or several money objects when none exists. In other cases, a central authority creates a single money object and compels its use; this is more frequently the case in modern societies with paper money. The value of money emerges in no small part from its utility as a medium of exchange, however its utility as a medium of exchange depends on it having recognised market value. Hence th ...

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Read more here: » Money: Encyclopedia - Money

value: Encyclopedia - Wealth

Wealth is an abundance of items of economic value, or the state of controlling or possessing such items, and encompasses money, real estate and personal property. In many countries wealth is also measured by reference to access to essential services such as health care, or the possession of crops and livestock. An individual who is wealthy or rich is someone who has accumulated substantial wealth relative t ...

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Read more here: » Wealth: Encyclopedia - Wealth

value: Encyclopedia - Variable

In computer science and mathematics, a variable is a symbol denoting a quantity or symbolic representation. In mathematics, a variable often represents an unknown quantity; in computer science, it represents a place where a quantity can be stored. Variables are often contrasted with constants, which are known and unchanging. In other scientific fields such as biology, chemistry, and physics, the word variable is used to refer to a measurable factor, characteristic, or attribute of an individual or a system. In a s ...

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Read more here: » Variable: Encyclopedia - Variable

value: Encyclopedia - Austrian School

Politics series Factions Minarchism Anarcho-capitalism Paleolibertarianism Neolibertarianism Left-libertarianism Influences Austrian School Classical liberalism Individualist anarchism Objectivism Mixed economy Ideas Liberty Free markets Capitalism Non-aggression Key issues Parties Economic views Views ...

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Read more here: » Austrian School: Encyclopedia - Austrian School

value: Encyclopedia II - Law of value - The law of value in non-capitalist societies

There has been a long and drawn-out debate among Marxists about whether the law of value also operates in non-capitalist societies where production is directed by the state authorities. In his famous pamphlet Economic Problems of the USSR, Joseph Stalin argued that the law of value did operate in the socialist economy of the USSR. After all, Marx had stated in Das Kapital that: "...after the abolition of the capitalist mode of production, but still retaining social production, the determination of value continues ...

See also:

Law of value, Law of value - Economic value as such, Law of value - Is it an equilibrium theory?, Law of value - Factors counteracting the law of value, Law of value - Law of value in capitalism, Law of value - Smith's hidden hand, Law of value - Modification of the law of value in the world market, Law of value - A comment by Marx on the law of value, Law of value - A comment by Frederick Engels on the law of value, Law of value - The law of value in non-capitalist societies, Law of value - Post-modern thinking about the topic, Law of value - Criticism, Law of value - A Californian perspective: Jim Devine on the LoV, Law of value - Steve Keen and the machine

Read more here: » Law of value: Encyclopedia II - Law of value - The law of value in non-capitalist societies

value: Encyclopedia II - Law of value - A comment by Marx on the law of value

In his letter to Kugelmann of July 11, 1868, Karl Marx commented gruffly: "As for the Centralblatt, the man is making the greatest concession possible by admitting that, if value means anything at all, then my conclusions must be conceded. The unfortunate fellow does not see that, even if there were no chapter on ‘value’ at all in my book, the analysis I give of the real relations would contain the proof and demonstration of the real value relation. The chatter about the need to prove the concept of value arises only from c ...

See also:

Law of value, Law of value - Economic value as such, Law of value - Is it an equilibrium theory?, Law of value - Factors counteracting the law of value, Law of value - Law of value in capitalism, Law of value - Smith's hidden hand, Law of value - Modification of the law of value in the world market, Law of value - A comment by Marx on the law of value, Law of value - A comment by Frederick Engels on the law of value, Law of value - The law of value in non-capitalist societies, Law of value - Post-modern thinking about the topic, Law of value - Criticism, Law of value - A Californian perspective: Jim Devine on the LoV, Law of value - Steve Keen and the machine

Read more here: » Law of value: Encyclopedia II - Law of value - A comment by Marx on the law of value

value: Encyclopedia II - Law of value - Modification of the law of value in the world market

Marx believed that the operation of the law of value was not only modified by the capitalist mode of production, but also in the world market (world trade, as contrasted with the home market or national economy). The main reason for this was the existence of different levels of the intensity and productivity of labour in different countries, creating for example a very different cost structure in different countries for all kinds of products. Products that took 1 hour of labour to make in country A might take 10 hours to make in count ...

See also:

Law of value, Law of value - Economic value as such, Law of value - Is it an equilibrium theory?, Law of value - Factors counteracting the law of value, Law of value - Law of value in capitalism, Law of value - Smith's hidden hand, Law of value - Modification of the law of value in the world market, Law of value - A comment by Marx on the law of value, Law of value - A comment by Frederick Engels on the law of value, Law of value - The law of value in non-capitalist societies, Law of value - Post-modern thinking about the topic, Law of value - Criticism, Law of value - A Californian perspective: Jim Devine on the LoV, Law of value - Steve Keen and the machine

Read more here: » Law of value: Encyclopedia II - Law of value - Modification of the law of value in the world market

value: Encyclopedia II - Law of value - Post-modern thinking about the topic

It has become increasingly clear to intellligent economists that there is not one principle that can explain resource allocation in any real society, nor that economies allocate resources only according to one principle. It is virtually meaningless to elevate one principle, such as markets or planning, to be the only one explaining resource allocation. So-called "free" markets cannot exist without substantial social and economic regulation, enforced by the political state, and all sorts of non-market activity. Economic "planning" cannot occur ...

See also:

Law of value, Law of value - Economic value as such, Law of value - Is it an equilibrium theory?, Law of value - Factors counteracting the law of value, Law of value - Law of value in capitalism, Law of value - Smith's hidden hand, Law of value - Modification of the law of value in the world market, Law of value - A comment by Marx on the law of value, Law of value - A comment by Frederick Engels on the law of value, Law of value - The law of value in non-capitalist societies, Law of value - Post-modern thinking about the topic, Law of value - Criticism, Law of value - A Californian perspective: Jim Devine on the LoV, Law of value - Steve Keen and the machine

Read more here: » Law of value: Encyclopedia II - Law of value - Post-modern thinking about the topic

value: Encyclopedia II - Law of value - Steve Keen and the machine

In an important new book, Debunking Economics, Steve Keen tries to pull the rug from under Marx's theory with a stunningly simple argument: machines can add more product-value over their operational lifetime than the total value of depreciation charged during those asset lives. Depreciation, he implies, was really the weak point in Marx's social accounting system all along, and Keen's case will hold irrespective of whatever definiti ...

See also:

Law of value, Law of value - Economic value as such, Law of value - Is it an equilibrium theory?, Law of value - Factors counteracting the law of value, Law of value - Law of value in capitalism, Law of value - Smith's hidden hand, Law of value - Modification of the law of value in the world market, Law of value - A comment by Marx on the law of value, Law of value - A comment by Frederick Engels on the law of value, Law of value - The law of value in non-capitalist societies, Law of value - Post-modern thinking about the topic, Law of value - Criticism, Law of value - A Californian perspective: Jim Devine on the LoV, Law of value - Steve Keen and the machine

Read more here: » Law of value: Encyclopedia II - Law of value - Steve Keen and the machine

value: Encyclopedia - Capital accumulation

Most generally, the accumulation of capital refers simply to the gathering or amassment of objects of value; the increase in wealth; or the creation of wealth. In economics, accounting and Marxian economics, capital accumulation is often equated with investment, especially in real capital goods. But Capital accumulation can refer to either real investment in tangible means of production, or financial investment in paper assets, or investment in non-productive physical assets such as residential real estate, or "human capital accumulation," i.e., new education and trai ...

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Read more here: » Capital accumulation: Encyclopedia - Capital accumulation

value: Encyclopedia II - Price - Conventional definition

Historically, price value has superseded the barter value of pre-monetary systems, in which bartering was used to determine a value of a good or service. However, in countertrade prices may nevertheless be used to establish trading ratios, and informal bartering continues. Economists, strictly speaking, view price as an exchange ratio between goods which reflects a utility preference by the buyer. Prices can also be said to exist in a barter system, although they may not be expressed in money. From this point of view, a price is similar to an opportunity cost, that is, what must be given up in exchange ...

See also:

Price, Price - Conventional definition, Price - Marxian price theory, Price - Austrian theory

Read more here: » Price: Encyclopedia II - Price - Conventional definition

value: Encyclopedia II - Law of value - Smith's hidden hand

Neo-classical economics is based on the assumption that, left to themselves, markets will balance supply and demand spontaneously. If equilibrium does not exist, it will exist in the future, provided obstacles to market functioning are cleared away. In his Bundesbank speech on January 13, 2004, US Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan, stated: "Globalization has altered the economic frameworks of both developed and developing nations in ways that are difficult to fully comprehend. Nonetheless, the largely unregu ...

See also:

Law of value, Law of value - Economic value as such, Law of value - Is it an equilibrium theory?, Law of value - Factors counteracting the law of value, Law of value - Law of value in capitalism, Law of value - Smith's hidden hand, Law of value - Modification of the law of value in the world market, Law of value - A comment by Marx on the law of value, Law of value - A comment by Frederick Engels on the law of value, Law of value - The law of value in non-capitalist societies, Law of value - Post-modern thinking about the topic, Law of value - Criticism, Law of value - A Californian perspective: Jim Devine on the LoV, Law of value - Steve Keen and the machine

Read more here: » Law of value: Encyclopedia II - Law of value - Smith's hidden hand

value: Encyclopedia II - Law of value - Law of value in capitalism

Marx argues that as economic exchange develops and markets expand, the law of value is modified in its operation. Thus, capitalism is a type of economy in which both inputs and outputs of production have become marketed goods and services (or commodities). In such an economy, Marx argues, what regulates the economic exchange of labour-products is their prices of production, i.e. cost-price + average profit. In pre-capitalist societies, where inputs often were ...

See also:

Law of value, Law of value - Economic value as such, Law of value - Is it an equilibrium theory?, Law of value - Factors counteracting the law of value, Law of value - Law of value in capitalism, Law of value - Smith's hidden hand, Law of value - Modification of the law of value in the world market, Law of value - A comment by Marx on the law of value, Law of value - A comment by Frederick Engels on the law of value, Law of value - The law of value in non-capitalist societies, Law of value - Post-modern thinking about the topic, Law of value - Criticism, Law of value - A Californian perspective: Jim Devine on the LoV, Law of value - Steve Keen and the machine

Read more here: » Law of value: Encyclopedia II - Law of value - Law of value in capitalism

value: Encyclopedia II - Price - Conventional definition

Historically, price value has superseded the barter value of pre-monetary systems, in which bartering was used to determine a value of a good or service. However, in countertrade prices may nevertheless be used to establish trading ratios, and informal bartering continues. Economists, strictly speaking, view price as an exchange ratio between goods which reflects a utility preference by the buyer. Prices can also said to exist in a barter system, although they may not be expressed in money. From this point of view, a price is similar to an opportunity cost, that is, what must be given up in exchange ...

See also:

Price, Price - Conventional definition, Price - Marxian price theory, Price - Austrian theory

Read more here: » Price: Encyclopedia II - Price - Conventional definition


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