Dictionary - Validity: Social Studies Dictionary - Validity
Definition and meaning of Validity   Validity - [Psychology] The degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measur...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Validity: Social Studies Dictionary - Validity
Definition and meaning of Validity   Validity - [Psychology] The degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligence Quotient: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligence Quotient - Practical Validity
Evidence for the practical validity of IQ comes from examining the correlation between IQ scores and life outcomes. Research shows that i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Validity Of Astrology: Encyclopedia - Validity Of Astrology
The validity of astrology is a controversial subject. The case for and the case against astrology's objective validity are presented here...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Validity Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Validity Of Astrology - Arguments Against Astrology
There is no viable conventional scientific case for astrology, and there are currently no credible scientists who support the idea. Here ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baptism: Encyclopedia Ii - Baptism - Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Lutheran Anglican And Methodist Baptism
The liturgy of baptism in the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, Anglican, and Methodist traditions makes clear reference to baptism a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Traditionalist Catholic: Encyclopedia Ii - Traditionalist Catholic - Traditionalist Beliefs
Traditionalist Catholics believe that they preserve orthodoxy by refusing to accept certain changes introduced since the Second Vatican C...   » Read the article

Article - Law Of Attraction - Believing: Believe It Or Not
I am often astounded at what and why people believe what they do. I am sure that you too have noticed that some people believe in the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iridology: Encyclopedia - Iridology
Iridology is an alternative medicine practice in which patterns, colors and other characteristics of stromal fibers of the iris are exami...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Astrology: Encyclopedia - Astrology
Astrology (from Greek: αστρολογία = άστρον, astron, "star" + λόγος, logos, "word") refers to any of several traditio...   » Read the article

Article - Medical Astrology: What Is Medical Astrology? I
Medical Astrology presented by Ingrid Naiman, is a wholistic approach to Astrology that include not only the interpretation of an Astrolo...   » Read the article

Article - Spiritual Practices: Christian Mantras And Meditation
Chanting of mantras and the practice of meditation are time-honoured traditions in oriental religions like Hinduism and Buddhism. Christi...   » Read the article

Article - Metaphysical Principles: Outgrow The Ego
    (See also: Metaphysics, Metaphysical Principles, Definition of Metaphysics, Metaphysical Techniques, Miracles, Creatin...   » Read the article

Article - Lucid Dreaming: False Awakening And Lucidity
How often have you woken in the night, looked at a digital clock, but it has appeared blurred or doesn't make sense? Have you ever reache...   » Read the article

Article - Siddha Mahayoga Faq: What Are Kriyas? (part Iii Of Iii) -
Kriyas, literally ''activities'', are spontaneous movements that occur after kundalini awakening. These include bodily activities such as...   » Read the article

Article - Personal Growth: On Opening To Higher Guidance
When you appreciate what God has given you, instead of saying "thank you" in word or thought, express your gratitude by choosin...   » Read the article

Article - Purva Mimamsa: Hindu Philosophy - The Purva Mimamsa
Purva Mimamsa or Karma-Mimamsa is an enquiry into the earlier portion of the Vedas, an enquiry into the ritual of the Vedas or that porti...   » Read the article

Article - Intuition: Psychic Perception, Spiritual Insight, And Inspiration
 Above the rational mind and below the soul realm is an intermediary plane of consciousness that I call the intuitional. It is very ...   » Read the article

Article - Clairaudience: Hearing Your Angels' Messages
 Not everyone "hears" angelic voices as an audible sound. Many people receive divine messages through nonverbal means such...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Certification: Encyclopedia - Certification
A certification, or qualification, is a designation earned by a person, product or process. Certification may be a synonym for licensure ...   » Read the article

Article - Sri Aurobindo And The Supramental Descent
Sri Aurobindos teachings and what he terms supramental descent explained by Kiara Windrider.   » Read the article

Article - Mayan Calendar: What Is Driving The Evolution Of Consciousness Described By The Mayan Calendar? - I
How is the Mayan Long Count to be explained? Why did this ancient people, that were the most mathematically advanced of their day, choose...   » Read the article

Article - Forgiveness: Forgiveness And Self-forgiveness
The act of self-forgiveness changes the energy and physical structures of your cells, and of your DNA. Guilt is a very powerful and deade...   » Read the article

Article - Dream Incubation: To Evoke A Specific Dream
There is much evidence in existence to support the notion that we all possess the potential to incubate dreams - in other words, conjure ...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Siddha Master: Siddha Yoga Dictionary On Siddha Master
Siddha master: One who has attained the state of enlightenment and who has the capacity to awaken the dormant spiritual energy of a d...   » Read the article

Article - Kundalini Yoga: Kundalini Yogas Faq (part Iii Of Iii)
This FAQ gives an overview of those kundalini yoga practices which require conscious effort. Part I of III.   In Part III: 1) But e...   » Read the article

Article - Jainism: Nayavada - Jaina View Of Reality
In the realm of Indian philosophical speculation, the contribution of Jainism is significant. Philosophical speculation, generally speaki...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Socrates: Encyclopedia Ii - Socrates - Philosophy
Socrates - Socratic method. See main article: Socratic method Perhaps his most important contribution to Western thought is his diale...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychokinesis: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychokinesis - Psychokinetic Events
There have been anecdotal reports of such apparent phenomena throughout history in various cultures. For example, poltergeist activity is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - St. Peter's Basilica: Encyclopedia Ii - St. Peter's Basilica - Miscellaneous
Despite a frequent confusion due to the similar names, the church of San Pietro in Vincoli (famous for hosting the precious Michelangelo'...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychology Of Torture: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychology Of Torture - Psychology Of Torture
As normal developing human beings, people internalize certain concepts needed to support their ability to face life. For example, they co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Educational Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Educational Psychology - Research Methods
The research methods used in educational psychology tend to be drawn from psychology and other social sciences. There is also a history o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eleatics: Encyclopedia Ii - Eleatics - Philosophy
The Eleatics rejected the epistemological validity of sense experience, and instead took mathematical standards of clarity and necessity ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Proof That 0.999... Equals 1: Encyclopedia Ii - Proof That 0.999... Equals 1 - Advanced Proofs
Proofs at a more advanced level draw on the axiomatic foundations of mathematics. They use careful and sound definitions of integers, fra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Astrology - Description
In past centuries astrology often relied on close observation of astronomical objects, and the charting of their movements, and might be ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Contract: Encyclopedia Ii - Contract - Express And Implied Contracts
A contract can be either an express contract or an implied contract. An express contract is one in which the terms are expressed verbally...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Computer Simulation: Encyclopedia Ii - Computer Simulation - Types Of Computer Simulation
Computer models can be classified according to several criteria including: Stochastic or deterministic (and as a special case of determi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Origin Belief: Encyclopedia Ii - Origin Belief - Creation Beliefs
Origins beliefs commonly refer to creation beliefs — mytho-religious stories which explain the beginnings of the universe as a delibera...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human: Encyclopedia Ii - Human - Biology
Human - Anatomy and physiology. Main articles: Human anatomy, Human physical appearance & Human height Humans exhi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cult: Encyclopedia Ii - Cult - Cults: Genuine Concerns And Exaggerations
The stigma surrounding the classification of a group as a cult stems from the purported ill effect the group's influence has on its membe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychology: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychology - Criticisms Of Psychology
Although modern mainstream psychology largely endeavors to be a scientific endeavor, the field has a history of controversy. Some critici...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 20th-century Philosophy: Encyclopedia - 20th-century Philosophy
The 20th century brought with it upheavals that produced a series of conflicting developments within philosophy over the basis of knowled...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Graphology: Encyclopedia Ii - Graphology - Legal Considerations
Very often graphologists will state that handwriting analysis in the workplace is legal, and cite one or more of the following cases: Gil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Physiognomy: Encyclopedia - Physiognomy
Physiognomy (Gk. physis, nature and gnosis, knowledge) is a pseudoscience, based upon the belief that the study and judgement of a person...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cryptozoology: Encyclopedia Ii - Cryptozoology - Justifications For Cryptozoology
Scientists have demonstrated that some creatures of mythology, legend or local folklore were rooted in real animals or phenomena. Thus, c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Delusion: Encyclopedia - Delusion
A delusion is commonly defined as a fixed false belief and is used in everyday language to describe a belief that is either false, fancif...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fibromyalgia: Encyclopedia Ii - Fibromyalgia - Treatment
Like many other soft tissue and rheumatolgical organic disorders there is no cure for fibromyalgia, but some treatment options are availa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baptism: Encyclopedia Ii - Baptism - Explanation
The Christian explanation of baptism as the definitive rite, by which the baptized person is indicated to be fully- qualified for partici...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Black Nationalism: Encyclopedia - Black Nationalism
Black nationalism - Marcus Garvey. Marcus Garvey urged Africans "at home and abroad" to be proud of their race and preached "African Re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - I-kuan Tao: Encyclopedia - I-kuan Tao
I-Kuan Tao, also Yi Guan Dao, or usually initialized as IKT (一貫道, translated as the Unity Sect) is a new religious movement that or...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islam: Encyclopedia Ii - Islam - Schools Denominations
There are a number of Islamic religious denominations, each of which has significant theological and legal differences from each other bu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanticism - Characteristics
In a general sense, Romanticism covers a group of related artistic, creative, political, philosophical and social trends arising out of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sergei Pankejeff: Encyclopedia Ii - Sergei Pankejeff - Der Wolfsmann
In 1910, Pankejeff's physician brought him to Vienna to have treatment with Freud. Pankejeff and Freud met with each other many times bet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cthulhu: Encyclopedia Ii - Cthulhu - Cthulhu In The Mythos
If I say that my somewhat extravagant imagination yielded simultaneous pictures of an octopus, a dragon, and a human caricature, I shall ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Supernatural: Encyclopedia - Supernatural
The supernatural (Latin: super- "exceeding" + nature) refers to forces and phenomena which are beyond the current scientific understandin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Satori: Encyclopedia - Satori
Satori (悟 Japanese satori; Chinese: wù - from the verb, Satoru) is a Zen Buddhist term for enlightenment. The word literally means "to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-psychiatry: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-psychiatry - Origins Of Anti-psychiatry
The term "anti-psychiatry" was first used by David Cooper in 1967, though opposition to either psychiatry in general, or its practices, p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Long John Nebel: Encyclopedia Ii - Long John Nebel - Biography
Nebel dropped out of school after the eighth grade, but was an avid reader throughout his life, and was conversant on many topics. He pur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Physics: Encyclopedia - Physics
Physics (from the Greek, φυσικός (physikos), "natural", and φύσις (physis), "nature") is the science of the natural world dea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ad Hominem: Encyclopedia - Ad Hominem
An ad hominem argument, also known as argumentum ad hominem (Latin, literally "argument to the man") or attacking the messenger, is a log...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Integrity: Encyclopedia - Integrity
Integrity comprises the personal inner sense of "wholeness" deriving from honesty and consistent uprightness of character. The etymology ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creator God: Encyclopedia - Creator God
The Creator God is the divine being that created the omniverse, according to various traditions and faiths. Creator God - Abrahamic relig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rapture: Encyclopedia Ii - Rapture - Scriptural Basis
Supporters for this belief generally cite the following primary sources in the New Testament: "Then there will be two men in the field; ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cult: Encyclopedia Ii - Cult - Theories About The Reasons For Joining A Cult
Michael Langone gives three different models regarding joining a cult 30: "The definitional ambiguity surrounding the term cult has fuel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carl Rogers: Encyclopedia - Carl Rogers
Carl Ransom Rogers (January 8, 1902 – February 4, 1987) was an influential American psychologist, who, along with Abraham Maslow, was t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Integrity: Encyclopedia Ii - Integrity - Integrity In Modern Ethics
There exists however a more formal study of the term integrity and its meaning in modern ethics. It is often understood not only as a ref...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Horoscope: Encyclopedia - Horoscope
In astrology, a horoscope is a chart or diagram representing the positions of the planets, other celestial bodies, and sensitive angles a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Book Of Mormon: Encyclopedia - Book Of Mormon
The Book of Mormon is one of four sacred texts of Mormonism, which also include the Bible, Pearl of Great Price, and Doctrine and Covenan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ad Hominem: Encyclopedia Ii - Ad Hominem - Subtypes
Three traditionally identified varieties are ad hominem abusive, ad hominem circumstantial, and ad hominem tu quoque. Ad hominem - Ad ho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jinyong: Encyclopedia Ii - Jinyong - Novels
Cha wrote a total of 15 pieces, of which one ("Sword of the Yue Maiden") was a short story and the other 14 were novels and novellas of v...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stanford Prison Experiment: Encyclopedia Ii - Stanford Prison Experiment - Results
The experiment very quickly got out of hand. Prisoners suffered — and accepted — sadistic and humiliating treatment at the hands of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nostradamus: Encyclopedia - Nostradamus
Nostradamus, (December 14, 1503 – July 1, 1566) born Michel de Nostredame, is one of the world's most famous authors of prophecies. He ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nichiren Buddhism: Encyclopedia - Nichiren Buddhism
Nichiren Buddhism (日蓮系諸宗派: Nichiren-kei sho shūha) is a branch of Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th century Japane...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aids: Encyclopedia - Aids
AIDS is an acronym for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and is defined as a collection of sympto...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Business Intelligence
The phrase business intelligence (BI) may refer to: a set of business processes for collecting and analyzing business information. the t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Race: Encyclopedia - Race
A race is a population of humans distinguished from other populations. The most widely used racial categories are based on visible trait...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligence Quotient: Encyclopedia - Intelligence Quotient
An intelligence quotient or IQ is a score derived from a set of standardized tests developed to measure a person's cognitive abilities ("...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Performance Management: Encyclopedia - Business Performance Management
Business performance management (BPM) is a set of processes that help organizations optimize business performance. BPM is seen as the nex...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Computer Simulation: Encyclopedia - Computer Simulation
A computer simulation or a computer model is a computer program which attempts to simulate an abstract model of a particular system. Comp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cogency: Encyclopedia - Cogency
An argument is cogent if and only if the truth of the argument's premises would render the truth of the conclusion probable (i.e., the ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - David Ray Griffin: Encyclopedia - David Ray Griffin
David Ray Griffin (b. 1939) was a professor of philosophy of religion and theology, at the Claremont School of Theology in Claremont, Cal...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cult: Encyclopedia - Cult
In religion and sociology, a cult is a cohesive group of people (often a relatively small and new religious movement) devoted to beliefs ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Integrity: Encyclopedia Ii - Integrity - Mensuration
English-speakers often measure such integrity on a one-dimensional vertical scale dominated by two reference points: those of the highest...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ad Hominem: Encyclopedia Ii - Ad Hominem - Usage
An ad hominem fallacy consists of asserting that someone's argument is wrong and/or they are wrong to argue at all purely because of some...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ad Hominem: Encyclopedia Ii - Ad Hominem - Ad Hominem As Logical Fallacy
A (fallacious) ad hominem argument has the basic form: A makes claim B; there is something objectionable about A, therefore claim B is f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ad Hominem: Encyclopedia Ii - Ad Hominem - Validity
Ad hominem is fallacious when applied to deduction, and not the evidence (or premise) of an argument. Evidence may be doubted or rejected...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carlos Santiago Nino: Encyclopedia - Carlos Santiago Nino
Carlos Santiago Nino (1943-1993) was an Argentine moral, legal and political philosopher. Nino studied law at the University of Buenos Ai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Book Of Mormon: Encyclopedia Ii - Book Of Mormon - Views Of Historicity
Book of Mormon - Latter Day Saint views. The dominant and widely accepted view among Latter Day Saints is that the Book of Mormon is a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Logical Argument: Encyclopedia Ii - Logical Argument - Argumentative Dialogue
Arguments as discussed in the preceding paragraphs are static, such as one might find in a textbook or research article. They serve as a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cogency: Encyclopedia Ii - Cogency - Good Argument
Good argument, as used by philosophers and many others, means simply a sound or cogent argument. If one has offered a sound or cogent arg...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Race: Encyclopedia Ii - Race - The Origins Patterns And Physical Manifestations Of Human Genetic Variation
Race - Origins of modern humans. see also single-origin hypothesis, multiregional hypothesis. Any biological model for race must acco...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligence Quotient: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligence Quotient - Genetics Vs Environment
The role of genes and environment (nature vs. nurture) in determining IQ is reviewed in Plomin et al. (2001, 2003). The degree to which g...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Argument From Poverty Of The Stimulus: Encyclopedia Ii - Argument From Poverty Of The Stimulus - Evidence For The Argument
The validity of the APS is unquestioned. Very few people, if any, would argue that Chomsky's conclusion doesn't follow from his premises....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Business Performance Management: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Performance Management - History
An early reference to non-business performance management occurs in Sun Tzu's The Art of War. Sun Tzu claims that to succeed in war, one ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rule Of Inference: Encyclopedia Ii - Rule Of Inference - Admissibility And Derivability
In a set of rules, an inference rule could be redundant in the sense that it is admissible or derivable. A derivable rule is one whose co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligence Quotient: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligence Quotient - Genetics Vs Environment
The role of genes and environment (nature vs. nurture) in determining IQ is reviewed in Plomin et al. (2001, 2003). The degree to which g...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Focus Group: Encyclopedia Ii - Focus Group - Types Of Focus Groups
Variants of focus groups include: Two-way focus group - one focus group watches another focus group and discusses the observed interacti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eharmony: Encyclopedia Ii - Eharmony - Methodology
eHarmony's services are geared toward those looking for a long term relationship, which is estimated to be 20% of those using online dati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Quantitative Marketing Research: Encyclopedia Ii - Quantitative Marketing Research - Inferential Techniques
Inferential techniques involve generalizing from a sample to the whole population. It also involves testing a hypothesis. A hypothesis mu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Race: Encyclopedia Ii - Race - The Origins Patterns And Physical Manifestations Of Human Genetic Variation
Race - Origins of modern humans. see also single-origin hypothesis, multiregional hypothesis. Any biological model for race must acco...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Professional Certification: Encyclopedia Ii - Professional Certification - Certification In The Computer Industry
Certification is often used in the professions of software engineering and information technology; however, it is a contentious issue. So...   » Read the article