Definition and meaning of Validity

Validity - [Psychology]

The degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measure is called validity. Test makers must understand the purpose of a test and construct a test which assesses the characteristics, skills, and knowledge required to satisfy the purpose. One way to determine validity is for evaluators to measure the ability of a test to predict performance. This is the predictive validity of a test. 

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Validity

Validity - [Psychology]

The degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measure is called validity. Test makers must understand the purpose of a test and construct a test which assesses the characteristics, skills, and knowledge required to satisfy the purpose. One way to determine validity is for evaluators to measure the ability of a test to predict performance. This is the predictive validity of a test. 

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Evidence for the practical validity of IQ comes from examining the correlation between IQ scores and life outcomes. Research shows that intelligence plays an important role in many valued life outcomes. In addition to academic success, intelligence correlates with job performance (see below), socioeconomic advancement (e.g., level of education, occupation, and income), and "social pathology" (e.g., adult criminality, poverty, unemployment, dependence on welfare, children outside of marriage). Recent work has demonstrated links between ...

See also:

Intelligence quotient, Intelligence quotient - History, Intelligence quotient - IQ score distribution, Intelligence quotient - IQ and General Intelligence Factor, Intelligence quotient - Genetics vs environment, Intelligence quotient - Environment, Intelligence quotient - Development, Intelligence quotient - Mental retardation, Intelligence quotient - IQ education and income, Intelligence quotient - Regression, Intelligence quotient - Brain size and IQ, Intelligence quotient - The Flynn effect, Intelligence quotient - IQ correlations, Intelligence quotient - Race and IQ, Intelligence quotient - Religiousness and IQ, Intelligence quotient - Health and IQ, Intelligence quotient - Economic development and IQ, Intelligence quotient - Practical validity, Intelligence quotient - Use of IQ in the United States legal system, Intelligence quotient - Validity and g-loading of specific tests, Intelligence quotient - Social construct?, Intelligence quotient - The Mismeasure of Man, Intelligence quotient - The view of the American Psychological Association, Intelligence quotient - Improving IQ, Intelligence quotient - The APA 1996 Intelligence Task Force Report, Intelligence quotient - Controversy, Intelligence quotient - End material, Intelligence quotient - External links, Intelligence quotient - References

Read more here: » Intelligence quotient: Encyclopedia II - Intelligence quotient - Practical validity

The validity of astrology is a controversial subject. The case for and the case against astrology's objective validity are presented here. Astrologers argue that astrology works by a mechanism or mechanisms unknown to conventional science. Professional astrologers state by their experience that when applied to practical real life cases and world events many situations can be explained and forecast. They argue that it does not prove anything that conventional science says it requires, but informs the user of potential cel ...

Including:

• Validity of astrology - How astrologers view astrology
• Validity of astrology - How skeptics view astrology
• Validity of astrology - Arguments for astrology
• Validity of astrology - Frank Brown's Experiment
• Validity of astrology - The Mars effect
• Validity of astrology - Age among peer groups
• Validity of astrology - Percy Seymour
• Validity of astrology - The thirteenth zodiacal constellation
• Validity of astrology - Arguments against astrology
• Validity of astrology - Gravitational forces aspect
• Validity of astrology - Magnetic influence
• Validity of astrology - The question of distance
• Validity of astrology - Extra heavenly bodies
• Validity of astrology - Inconsistency of effect
• Validity of astrology - Astrological and astronomical zodiac differences
• Validity of astrology - Arbitrary nature of modern and old zodiac mismatch
• Validity of astrology - Time of birth
• Validity of astrology - Forer effect
• Validity of astrology - Modern solar system bodies discoveries
• Validity of astrology - Psychological points
• Validity of astrology - Knowing about things which can not be changed. A paradox?
• Validity of astrology - Relationship to various sciences

Read more here: » Validity of astrology: Encyclopedia - Validity of astrology

There is no viable conventional scientific case for astrology, and there are currently no credible scientists who support the idea. Here are some common arguments used by astrology skeptics. Validity of astrology - Gravitational forces aspect. There are various claims by astrologers that distant planets affect us through either gravitation, electromagnetism, or some other as yet undetected force. However, scientifically we know of no force whatsoever that is caused by distant stars and planets that is capa ...

See also:

Validity of astrology, Validity of astrology - How astrologers view astrology, Validity of astrology - How skeptics view astrology, Validity of astrology - Arguments for astrology, Validity of astrology - Frank Brown's Experiment, Validity of astrology - The Mars effect, Validity of astrology - Age among peer groups, Validity of astrology - Percy Seymour, Validity of astrology - The thirteenth zodiacal constellation, Validity of astrology - Arguments against astrology, Validity of astrology - Gravitational forces aspect, Validity of astrology - Magnetic influence, Validity of astrology - The question of distance, Validity of astrology - Extra heavenly bodies, Validity of astrology - Inconsistency of effect, Validity of astrology - Astrological and astronomical zodiac differences, Validity of astrology - Arbitrary nature of modern and old zodiac mismatch, Validity of astrology - Time of birth, Validity of astrology - Forer effect, Validity of astrology - Modern solar system bodies discoveries, Validity of astrology - Psychological points, Validity of astrology - Knowing about things which can not be changed. A paradox?, Validity of astrology - Relationship to various sciences

Read more here: » Validity of astrology: Encyclopedia II - Validity of astrology - Arguments against astrology

The liturgy of baptism in the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, Anglican, and Methodist traditions makes clear reference to baptism as not only a symbolic burial and resurrection, but an actual supernatural transformation, one that draws parallels to the experience of Noah and the passage of the Israelites through the Red Sea divided by Moses. Thus baptism is literally and symbolically not only cleansing, but also dying and rising again with Christ. Catholics believe that baptism is necessary for the cleansing of the taint of original si ...

See also:

Baptism, Baptism - Background in Jewish ritual, Baptism - Explanation, Baptism - Ecumenical statement, Baptism - Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Lutheran Anglican and Methodist baptism, Baptism - Baptism and salvation, Baptism - Conditions of the validity of a baptism, Baptism - Baptism by other denominations, Baptism - Who may administer a baptism, Baptism - Baptist and other Protestant baptism, Baptism - Reformed and Covenant Theology view, Baptism - Latter Day Saint baptism, Baptism - Baptism in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Baptism - Jehovah's Witnesses, Baptism - Baptism in Churches of Christ, Baptism - Other baptisms, Baptism - Non-christian religions, Baptism - Non-religious baptism, Baptism - Related articles and subjects, Baptism - People and ritual objects, Baptism - Resources

Read more here: » Baptism: Encyclopedia II - Baptism - Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Lutheran Anglican and Methodist baptism

Traditionalist Catholics believe that they preserve orthodoxy by refusing to accept certain changes introduced since the Second Vatican Council, changes that some of them describe as "a veritable revolution". Those who accept Pope Benedict XVI and his immediate predecessors as true Popes view the Second Vatican Council as a valid, albeit problematic, Council. But most "sedevacantists" regard Pope Pius XII as the last true Pope, and judge the Council, convened and ra ...

See also:

Traditionalist Catholic, Traditionalist Catholic - Survey of traditional groups, Traditionalist Catholic - Traditionalist beliefs, Traditionalist Catholic - Places of worship, Traditionalist Catholic - Relations with other Catholic groups, Traditionalist Catholic - Relations with the Holy See, Traditionalist Catholic - Doctrinal and Liturgical Issues, Traditionalist Catholic - Important Figures, Traditionalist Catholic - Historical Events, Traditionalist Catholic - Notable Organizations

Read more here: » Traditionalist Catholic: Encyclopedia II - Traditionalist Catholic - Traditionalist beliefs

I am often astounded at what and why people believe what they do. I am sure that you too have noticed that some people believe in the oddest things.

I am more than astounded at how seldom people actually think about their beliefs and how those beliefs impact on the quality of their lives.

Believe it or not, your beliefs can actually determine the results you end up with in life ; results like happiness, health and wealth-important things like that.

(See also: Law of Attraction - Believing , Leslie Fieger , Law of Attraction, Practising Law of Attraction, Law of Attraction for Prosperity, Law of Attraction for Love, Law of Attraction - Obstacles)

Read more here: » Law of Attraction - Believing: Believe It Or Not

Iridology is an alternative medicine practice in which patterns, colors and other characteristics of stromal fibers of the iris are examined for information about a patient's systemic health. Practitioners match their observations to iris charts which divide the iris into many zones believed to correspond to specific parts of the human body. Little if any rigorous scientific evidence exists confirming any such link between aspects of the iris and a patient's state of health and there is no recognized ca ...

Including:

• Iridology - Methods
• Iridology - History
• Iridology - Support for iridology
• Iridology - Criticism of iridology
• Iridology - Scientific research into iridology
• Iridology - Regulation licensure and certification
• Iridology - Related practices

Read more here: » Iridology: Encyclopedia - Iridology

Astrology (from Greek: αστρολογία = άστρον, astron, "star" + λόγος, logos, "word") refers to any of several traditions or systems in which knowledge of the apparent positions of celestial bodies is held to be useful in understanding, interpreting, and organizing knowledge about reality and human existence on earth. All traditions are based on the relative positions and movements of various real and construed celestial bodies as seen at the time and place of the birth or other event being studied. The ...

Including:

• Astrology - Description
• Astrology - History of astrology
• Astrology - The validity of astrology
• Astrology - Effects on world culture
• Astrology - Astrology as a descriptive language for the mind
• Astrology - Astrology and the classical elements
• Astrology - Astrology and alchemy
• Astrology - The seven liberal arts and astrology
• Astrology - Astrology and the days of the week

Read more here: » Astrology: Encyclopedia - Astrology

Medical Astrology presented by Ingrid Naiman, is a wholistic approach to Astrology that include not only the interpretation of an Astrology chart but also involves astroendocrinology, the effects of stress, the elements and provide remidies that promotes physical, psychological and spiritual wellbeing.

Read more here: » Medical Astrology: What is Medical Astrology? I

Chanting of mantras and the practice of meditation are time-honoured traditions in oriental religions like Hinduism and Buddhism. Christians use the concept of chanting in a variety of ways in their prayer. The Divine Office or Prayer of the Church is a rhythmic recitation or singing of the Psalms in monastic communities. For a Christian the practice of meditation is the practice of an 'awareness' of God in Christ. Equally, at the heart of the practice of Christian meditation is the essential onslaught on the 'ego' so that we may be completely free from its domination. Prophet Isaiah says (30:15): "In conversion and tranquillity lies your salvation".

Read more here: » Spiritual Practices: Christian Mantras And Meditation

(See also: Metaphysics, Metaphysical Principles, Definition of Metaphysics, Metaphysical Techniques, Miracles, Creating Miracles Faith and Belief, Spiritual Guidance, Peace of Mind, Life and Beyond, Body Mind and Soul)

Read more here: » Metaphysical Principles: Outgrow the Ego

How often have you woken in the night, looked at a digital clock, but it has appeared blurred or doesn't make sense? Have you ever reached out to turn on the light - or any electrical appliance - to discover that it doesn't function properly, or not at all? Have you got vague memories of getting up in the middle of the night, trying to open the door, finding that it won't open and going back to bed? Would you believe it, if you were told that you were probably dreaming? A false awakening is a convincing illusion of having woken when, in fact, you are still in dreaming sleep, so the imagery - although seemingly real - is artificial.

Read more here: » Lucid Dreaming: False awakening and lucidity

Kriyas, literally ''activities'', are spontaneous movements that occur after kundalini awakening. These include bodily activities such as trembling, shaking and spontaneous yoga postures; vocal activities such as yelling, or spontaneous chanting and mental activities such as visions. These kriyas eliminate the blocks to kundalini rising within the spine or central channel.

This FAQ gives an overview of Siddha Mahayoga. Part I of III.

In Part III: 1) What are kriyas?, 2) So how do kriyas purify my consciousness?, 3) Are these kriyas some sort of self-hypnosis or some sort New Age phenomenon?, 4) Haven't a number of well-known teachers criticized kriyas?, 5) Don't they say that kundalini is a force that needs control?, What is the philosophy of siddha mahayoga?, 6) What is the precise role of the guru in siddha mahayoga?, 7) What teachers give shaktipat initiation?, 8) Where can I learn more?

Read more here: » Siddha Mahayoga FAQ: What are kriyas? (part III of III) -

When you appreciate what God has given you, instead of saying "thank you" in word or thought, express your gratitude by choosing to be who God wants you to be - toward yourself, toward God, and toward others. Use the opportunity of "thank you" to correct your attitude and remember to love.

Read more here: » Personal Growth: On Opening to Higher Guidance

Purva Mimamsa or Karma-Mimamsa is an enquiry into the earlier portion of the Vedas, an enquiry into the ritual of the Vedas or that portion of the Vedas which is concerned with the Mantras and the Brahmanas only. The Purva Mimamsa is so called, because it is earlier (Purva) than the Uttara Mimamsa, not so much in the chronological as in the logical sense.

Excerpt from All About Hinduism by Sri Swami Sivananda

Read more here: » Purva Mimamsa: Hindu Philosophy - The Purva Mimamsa

 Above the rational mind and below the soul realm is an intermediary plane of consciousness that I call the intuitional. It is very difficult to characterize this realm, because it transcends mental concepts but is still not a realm of being like the soul. The intuitional plane is the "highest" or most subtle and universal part of the created worlds. Although God and souls are the truly creative agents of the universe, we could say that the process of creating begins with the intuition and then moves to concepts, feeling responses, images and shapes, and finally physical manifestation. Thus intuition is a key to initiating creativity.

Read more here: » Intuition: Psychic Perception, Spiritual Insight, and Inspiration

 Not everyone "hears" angelic voices as an audible sound. Many people receive divine messages through nonverbal means such as visions, feelings, or a knowingness. Hearing the voice of God and the angels is called "clairaudience," which means "clear hearing."

Read more here: » Clairaudience: Hearing Your Angels' Messages

A certification, or qualification, is a designation earned by a person, product or process. Certification may be a synonym for licensure but more often licensure applies only to persons and is required by law (whereas certification is generally voluntary). Certification of persons indicates that the individual has a specific knowledge, skills, or abilities in the view of the certifying body. Similarly, certification of products indicates their reputed suitability for a specified purpose (e.g. a computer system might be certified as be ...

Including:

• Certification - Abbreviated listing of computer-related certifications
• Certification - Non-computer-related certification example off-site
• Certification - Certification news sites
• Certification - Information Systems Security Certification

Read more here: » Certification: Encyclopedia - Certification