A Wisdom Archive on Uyghur Language

The following languages have traditionally had written forms that do not involve Chinese characters (han zi): The Mongolians - Mongolian language - Mongolian alphabet The Manchus - Manchu language - Manchu alphabet The Tibetans - Tibetan language - Tibetan script The Uyghurs - Uyghur language - Arabic alphabet The Kazakhs - Kazakh language - Arabic alphabet The Tajiks - Tajiki language (as a local lingua franca) - Arabic alphabet The Kirgiz - Kirgiz language - Arabic alphabet ...

Read more here: » Languages of China: Encyclopedia II - Languages of China - Written

Kalmyk language has been written in a variety of alphabets over the years. Since 11th century Kalmyks used Uyghur script. The official Kalmyk alphabet named Todo Bichig (Clear Script) was created in the 17th century by greatest Kalmyk buddist monk Zaya Pandit. The Todo Bichig was used by Kalmyks in Russia until 1924, when it was replaced by the Cyrillic alphabet, but Kalmyks in China has always beeng using it. In Mongolia Kalmyk (Oyirad) language has no official status and does not exist in written form. The modified Cyrillic alphabet used for Kalmyk l ...

Read more here: » Kalmyk language: Encyclopedia II - Kalmyk language - Writing system

Zaya Pandit I (1599 - 1662) was an Oirat lama of the Geluk school of Tibetan Buddhism. Zaya Pandit was from the Khoshuud group of the Oirats. He became a Tibetan Buddhist in 1615. He practiced asceticism in Tibet and returned to Oirat lands in 1639. He taught Tibetan Buddhism to the Oirats and Mongols (Khalkha). In 1645 he visited Kalmyk Oirats on the Volga River (modern Kalmykia). In 1648 he developed the Todo script (tod üzüg, from todrhagar (clear)) by improving the traditional Uyghur script. He elimin ...

Read more here: » Zaya Pandit: Encyclopedia - Zaya Pandit

Aksu (also known as Ak-su, Akshu, Aqsu, Bharuka and Po-lu-chia. Uyghur: ئاقسۇ/Ak̢su; simplified Chinese 阿克苏, traditional Chinese: 阿克蘇, pinyin: Ākèsù) is a city in the Chinese province of Xinjiang and the capital of Aksu Prefecture. As of 2002, the city, which is at 41°10′N 80°15′E in the Southern foothills of Tian Shan, has a population of 560,000, mostly Han Chinese. The economy of Aksu is mostly agricultural, with cotton, in particular long-staple cotton as the mai ... Including:

• Aksu - Historical Aksu
• Aksu - Timeline
• Aksu - Neighbours
• Aksu - Literary sources

Read more here: » Aksu: Encyclopedia - Aksu

The People's Republic of China has created, following Soviet nationality policy, a number of administrative divisions designated as autonomous. Each autonomous entity is specifically associated with one or more ethnic minority, equivalent to the titular nation in Soviet practice. Autonomous administrative divisions can be found at the first (province), second (prefecture), and third (county) levels of local government. They include the following four types: Autonomous regions (Chinese: 自治区; Hanyu Pinyin: Including:

• Autonomous entities of China - Nomenclature
• Autonomous entities of China - Legal basis
• Autonomous entities of China - Demographics
• Autonomous entities of China - History
• Autonomous entities of China - Opinions
• Autonomous entities of China - List of autonomous entities
• Autonomous entities of China - Autonomous regions
• Autonomous entities of China - Autonomous prefectures
• Autonomous entities of China - Autonomous counties and autonomous banners

Read more here: » Autonomous entities of China: Encyclopedia - Autonomous entities of China

However, the term Zhongguo Yuwen is sometimes used to be synonymous with "Chinese language". To clarify, one can use Zhongguo de Yuwen (中国的语文), which unambiguously means "China's (several) languages". The following are the spoken and written languages (they are not in one-to-one correspondence) used by the modern citizens of China. ...

Read more here: » Languages of China: Encyclopedia II - Languages of China - Terminology

Chopsticks were developed in China about 3,000 to 5,000 years ago, although the exact date is unknown. Tools resembling chopsticks were unearthed in the archeological site Meggido in Israel, belonging to Scythian invaders of Canaan before and contemporary to Moses and Joshua. This discovery may reveal the existence of a trade relationship between the Middle East and the Far East in early antiquity, or may be an independent parallel development. Chopsticks were also common household items of civilized Uyghurs on the Mongolian S ...

Read more here: » Chopsticks: Encyclopedia II - Chopsticks - History

Read more here: » First East Turkestan Republic: Encyclopedia II - First East Turkestan Republic - Origins of the ETR Movement