Urine is liquid waste excreted by the kidneys and is produced by the process of filtration. This waste is eventually expelled from the body in a process known as urination. Most commonly the excretion of urine serves for flushing waste molecules collected from the blood by the kidneys, and for the homeostasis of the body liquids; however, many species also use it for olfactory communication. Urine and urination have many slang names, including "wee". Urine - Composition. Urine is a transparent soluti ...

Including:

Urine - Composition Urine - Function Urine - Other uses Urine - History

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Urine, Urine - Composition, Urine - Function, Urine - Other uses, Urine - History

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Urination is the primary method for excreting chemicals and drugs from the body. These chemicals can be detected and analysed by urinalysis. In cases of kidney or urinary tract infection (UTI) the urine will contain bacteria, but otherwise urine is virtually sterile and nearly odorless when it leaves the body. However, after that, bacteria that contaminate the urine will convert chemicals in the urine into smelling chemicals that are responsible for the distinctive odor of stale urine; in particul ...

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Urine, Urine - Composition, Urine - Function, Urine - Other uses, Urine - Source of Medication, Urine - History

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Urinary incontinence is the involuntary excretion of urine from one's body. It is often temporary, and it almost always results from an underlying medical condition. In this article, the term "incontinence" will be used to mean urinary incontinence. See also fecal incontinence. Urinary incontinence - Urinary incontinence in women. Women experience incontinence twice as often as men. Pregnancy and childbirth, menopause, and the structure of the female urinary tract account for this difference. But bot ...

Including:

Urinary incontinence - Urinary incontinence in women Urinary incontinence - Resources Urinary incontinence - Types of incontinence
Urinary incontinence - Stress incontinence Urinary incontinence - Urge incontinence Urinary incontinence - Functional incontinence Urinary incontinence - Overflow incontinence Urinary incontinence - Other types of incontinence
Urinary incontinence - Diagnosis of incontinence Urinary incontinence - Treatment of incontinence
Urinary incontinence - Exercises Urinary incontinence - Electrical stimulation Urinary incontinence - Biofeedback Urinary incontinence - Timed voiding or bladder training Urinary incontinence - Medications Urinary incontinence - Pessaries Urinary incontinence - Implants Urinary incontinence - Surgery Urinary incontinence - Catheterization Urinary incontinence - Other procedures
Urinary incontinence - Urinary incontinence in children
Urinary incontinence - Causes of nighttime incontinence Urinary incontinence - Slower physical development Urinary incontinence - Excessive output of urine during sleep Urinary incontinence - Anxiety Urinary incontinence - Genetics Urinary incontinence - Obstructive sleep apnea Urinary incontinence - Structural problems Urinary incontinence - Causes of daytime incontinence Urinary incontinence - An overactive bladder Urinary incontinence - Infrequent voiding Urinary incontinence - Other causes Urinary incontinence - Treatments for childhood urinary incontinence

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A urinal is a specialized toilet designed to be used only for urination, not defecation, and almost always by a standing male. Advantages over a full-function toilet include: it is smaller, uses much less water, and the regular version is for regular adults at a convenient higher height. It often contains a urinal cake contained within a plastic mesh guard container or a plastic mesh guard without a urinal cake. The plastic mesh guard is designed to prevent solid objects such as cigarette butts or paper from being flus ...

Including:

Urinal - Flushing
Urinal - Manual Handles Urinal - Timed Flush Urinal - Automatic Flush Urinal - Waterless Urinals
Urinal - Arrangement of urinals Urinal - Makeshift urinals Urinal - Urinals for women Urinal - Urinals in the news Urinal - Curiosities

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In anatomy, the urethra is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both sexes, to pass urine to the outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for sperm. The external urethral sphincter is a smooth muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. Urethra - Anatomy. Men have a longer urethra than women. This means that women tend to be more susceptible to infections of the bladder (cystitis) and the uri ...

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Urethra - Anatomy Urethra - Histology Urethra - Medical problems of the urethra Urethra - Related topics

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Urodynamics is the investigation of functional disorders of the lower urinary tract, i.e. the bladder and the urethra. Symptoms are particularly unreliable in the study of the lower urinary tract, so the purpose of urodynamics is to confirm objectively the pathology that a person's symptoms would suggest. So for example if a person complains of a high frequency of urination it might be because of detrusor overactivity. Urodynamics would involve the use of pressure transducers attached to catheters inside the bla ...

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The external genital organs of the female are collectively known as the vulva (or pudenda). In human beings this consists of the labia majora and labia minora (while these names translate as "large" and "small" lips, often the "minora" can be larger, and protrude outside the "majora"), clitoris, opening of the urethra (meatus), and the opening of the vagina. The main functions involving the vulva are urination, se ...

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Vulva - Description Vulva - Relation to male genitals Vulva - Cultural attitudes Vulva - Popular culture

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The clitoris (plural: clitorides) is a sexual organ in the body of female mammals. The visible knob-like portion is located near the anterior junction of the labia minora, above the opening of the vagina. Unlike its male counterpart, the penis, the clitoris has no urethra, is not involved in urination, and its sole function is to induce sexual pleasure. The word: clitoris can be pronounced KLIHT uh rihs (['klɪtəɹəs] in IPA notation (li ...

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Clitoris - Development and formation Clitoris - Recognition of existence Clitoris - Body modification Clitoris - Popular culture

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Uremia is a toxic condition resulting from renal failure, when kidney function is compromised and urea, a waste product normally excreted in the urine, is retained in the blood. Uremia can lead to disturbances in the platelets, among other effects. Azotemia is another word that refers to high levels of urea, but is used primarily when the abnormality can be measured chemically but is not yet so severe as to produce symptoms. Uremia takes a long time to develop. Other related archivesAz

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The kidneys are bean-shaped excretory organs in vertebrates. Part of the urinary system, the kidneys filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them, along with water, as urine. The medical field that studies the kidneys and diseases affecting the kidney is called nephrology, from the Greek name for the kidney; the adjective meaning "kidney-related" is renal, from the Latin. Kidney - Location. In humans, the kidneys are located in the posterior part of the abdomen. There is one on eac ...

Including:

Kidney - Location Kidney - Structure
Kidney - Organization Kidney - Nephron Kidney - Collecting duct system
Kidney - Functions
Kidney - Excretion of waste products Kidney - Homeostasis Kidney - Hormone secretion
Kidney - Terms Kidney - Diseases and disorders
Kidney - Congenital Kidney - Acquired
Kidney - Dialysis and kidney transplants Kidney - Medical terminology

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Women experience incontinence twice as often as men. Pregnancy and childbirth, menopause, and the structure of the female urinary tract account for this difference. But both women and men can become incontinent from neurologic injury, birth defects, strokes, multiple sclerosis, and physical problems associated with aging. While urinary incontince affects older women more often than younger women, the onset of incontinence is not inevitable with age. Incontinence is treatable and often curable at all ages. Women w ...

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Urinary incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Urinary incontinence in women, Urinary incontinence - Resources, Urinary incontinence - Types of incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Stress incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Urge incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Functional incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Overflow incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Other types of incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Diagnosis of incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Treatment of incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Exercises, Urinary incontinence - Electrical stimulation, Urinary incontinence - Biofeedback, Urinary incontinence - Timed voiding or bladder training, Urinary incontinence - Medications, Urinary incontinence - Pessaries, Urinary incontinence - Implants, Urinary incontinence - Surgery, Urinary incontinence - Catheterization, Urinary incontinence - Other procedures, Urinary incontinence - Urinary incontinence in children, Urinary incontinence - Causes of nighttime incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Slower physical development, Urinary incontinence - Excessive output of urine during sleep, Urinary incontinence - Anxiety, Urinary incontinence - Genetics, Urinary incontinence - Obstructive sleep apnea, Urinary incontinence - Structural problems, Urinary incontinence - Causes of daytime incontinence, Urinary incontinence - An overactive bladder, Urinary incontinence - Infrequent voiding, Urinary incontinence - Other causes, Urinary incontinence - Treatments for childhood urinary incontinence

Read more here: » Urinary incontinence: Encyclopedia II - Urinary incontinence - Urinary incontinence in women

Urinary incontinence - Stress incontinence. Stress incontinence is incontinence that is caused by actions such as coughing, laughing, sneezing, exercising or other movements that increase intrabdominal pressure and thus increase pressure on the bladder. Physical changes resulting from pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause often cause stress incontinence. It is the most common form of incontinence in women and is treatable. The bladder is supported by muscles of the pelvic floor. If these muscles weaken, the ...

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Urinary incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Urinary incontinence in women, Urinary incontinence - Resources, Urinary incontinence - Types of incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Stress incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Urge incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Functional incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Overflow incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Other types of incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Diagnosis of incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Treatment of incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Exercises, Urinary incontinence - Electrical stimulation, Urinary incontinence - Biofeedback, Urinary incontinence - Timed voiding or bladder training, Urinary incontinence - Medications, Urinary incontinence - Pessaries, Urinary incontinence - Implants, Urinary incontinence - Surgery, Urinary incontinence - Catheterization, Urinary incontinence - Other procedures, Urinary incontinence - Urinary incontinence in children, Urinary incontinence - Causes of nighttime incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Slower physical development, Urinary incontinence - Excessive output of urine during sleep, Urinary incontinence - Anxiety, Urinary incontinence - Genetics, Urinary incontinence - Obstructive sleep apnea, Urinary incontinence - Structural problems, Urinary incontinence - Causes of daytime incontinence, Urinary incontinence - An overactive bladder, Urinary incontinence - Infrequent voiding, Urinary incontinence - Other causes, Urinary incontinence - Treatments for childhood urinary incontinence

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Patients with incontinence should be referred to a medical practitioner specializing in this field. Urologists specialize in the urinary tract, and some urologists further specialize in the female urinary tract. Gynecologists and obstetricians specialize in the female reproductive tract and childbirth. A urogynecologist focuses on urological problems in women. Family practitioners and internists see patients for all kinds of ...

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Urinary incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Urinary incontinence in women, Urinary incontinence - Resources, Urinary incontinence - Types of incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Stress incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Urge incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Functional incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Overflow incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Other types of incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Diagnosis of incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Treatment of incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Exercises, Urinary incontinence - Electrical stimulation, Urinary incontinence - Biofeedback, Urinary incontinence - Timed voiding or bladder training, Urinary incontinence - Medications, Urinary incontinence - Pessaries, Urinary incontinence - Implants, Urinary incontinence - Surgery, Urinary incontinence - Catheterization, Urinary incontinence - Other procedures, Urinary incontinence - Urinary incontinence in children, Urinary incontinence - Causes of nighttime incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Slower physical development, Urinary incontinence - Excessive output of urine during sleep, Urinary incontinence - Anxiety, Urinary incontinence - Genetics, Urinary incontinence - Obstructive sleep apnea, Urinary incontinence - Structural problems, Urinary incontinence - Causes of daytime incontinence, Urinary incontinence - An overactive bladder, Urinary incontinence - Infrequent voiding, Urinary incontinence - Other causes, Urinary incontinence - Treatments for childhood urinary incontinence

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Urinary incontinence - Exercises. Kegel exercises to strengthen or retrain pelvic floor muscles and sphincter muscles can reduce or cure stress leakage. Women of all ages can learn and practice these exercises, which are taught by a health care professional. Most Kegel exercises do not require equipment. However, one technique involves the use of weighted cones. For this exercise, the patient stands and holds a cone-shaped object within her vagina. As the patient becomes accustomed to the weight, cones of increasing weight are substi ...

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Urinary incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Urinary incontinence in women, Urinary incontinence - Resources, Urinary incontinence - Types of incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Stress incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Urge incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Functional incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Overflow incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Other types of incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Diagnosis of incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Treatment of incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Exercises, Urinary incontinence - Electrical stimulation, Urinary incontinence - Biofeedback, Urinary incontinence - Timed voiding or bladder training, Urinary incontinence - Medications, Urinary incontinence - Pessaries, Urinary incontinence - Implants, Urinary incontinence - Surgery, Urinary incontinence - Catheterization, Urinary incontinence - Other procedures, Urinary incontinence - Urinary incontinence in children, Urinary incontinence - Causes of nighttime incontinence, Urinary incontinence - Slower physical development, Urinary incontinence - Excessive output of urine during sleep, Urinary incontinence - Anxiety, Urinary incontinence - Genetics, Urinary incontinence - Obstructive sleep apnea, Urinary incontinence - Structural problems, Urinary incontinence - Causes of daytime incontinence, Urinary incontinence - An overactive bladder, Urinary incontinence - Infrequent voiding, Urinary incontinence - Other causes, Urinary incontinence - Treatments for childhood urinary incontinence

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ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R00-R09 Circulatory and respiratory systems. (R00) Abnormalities of heart beat (R000) Tachycardia, unspecified (R001) Bradycardia, unspecified (R002) Palpitations (R008) Other and unspecified abnormalities of heart beat (R01) Cardiac murmurs and other cardiac sounds (R010) Benign and innocent cardiac murmurs (R011) Cardiac murmur, unspecified (R ...

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ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R00-R69 - Symptoms and signs, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R00-R09 Circulatory and respiratory systems, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R10-R19 Digestive system and abdomen, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R20-R23 Skin and subcutaneous tissue, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R25-R29 Nervous and musculoskeletal systems, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R30-R39 Urinary system, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R40-R46 Cognition perception emotional state and behaviour, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R47-R49 Speech and voice, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R50-R69 General symptoms and signs, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R70-R99 - Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R70-R79 On examination of blood without diagnosis, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R80-R82 On examination of urine without diagnosis, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R83-R89 On examination of other body fluids substances and tissues without diagnosis, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R90-R94 On diagnostic imaging and in function studies without diagnosis, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R95-R99 - Ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality

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ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R70-R79 On examination of blood without diagnosis. (R70) Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and abnormality of plasma viscosity (R700) Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (R701) Abnormal plasma viscosity (R71) Abnormality of red blood cells (R72) Abnormality of white blood cells, not elsewhere classified (R73) Elevated blood glucose level (R730) Abnormal ...

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ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R00-R69 - Symptoms and signs, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R00-R09 Circulatory and respiratory systems, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R10-R19 Digestive system and abdomen, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R20-R23 Skin and subcutaneous tissue, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R25-R29 Nervous and musculoskeletal systems, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R30-R39 Urinary system, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R40-R46 Cognition perception emotional state and behaviour, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R47-R49 Speech and voice, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R50-R69 General symptoms and signs, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R70-R99 - Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R70-R79 On examination of blood without diagnosis, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R80-R82 On examination of urine without diagnosis, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R83-R89 On examination of other body fluids substances and tissues without diagnosis, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R90-R94 On diagnostic imaging and in function studies without diagnosis, ICD-10 Chapter R: Symptoms signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings - R95-R99 - Ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality

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Early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms. Often it is diagnosed during the workup for an elevated PSA noticed during a routine checkup. Sometimes, however, prostate cancer does cause symptoms, often similar to those of diseases such as benign prostatic hypertrophy. These include frequent urination, increased urination at night, difficulty starting and maintaining a steady stream of urine, blood in the urine, and painful urination. Prostate cancer may also cause problems with sexual function, such as difficulty achieving erection or painful ejaculation.^{See also:}

Prostate cancer, Prostate cancer - The prostate, Prostate cancer - Symptoms, Prostate cancer - Pathophysiology, Prostate cancer - Epidemiology, Prostate cancer - Screening, Prostate cancer - Digital rectal examination, Prostate cancer - Prostate specific antigen, Prostate cancer - Confirming the diagnosis, Prostate cancer - Staging, Prostate cancer - Treatment, Prostate cancer - Watchful waiting, Prostate cancer - Surgery, Prostate cancer - Radiation therapy, Prostate cancer - Cryosurgery, Prostate cancer - Hormonal therapy, Prostate cancer - Palliative care, Prostate cancer - Prognosis, Prostate cancer - Prevention, Prostate cancer - History

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Patients are referred to nephrology specialists for various different reasons, such as : Acute renal failure, a sudden loss of renal function Chronic renal failure; another doctor has detected symptoms of declining renal function, often a rise in creatinine. Hematuria (blood loss in the urine) Proteinuria the loss of protein espeically albumin in the urine Kidney stones Cancer of the kidney, mostly renal cell carcinoma but this is usually the domain of the urologist Chro ...

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Nephrology, Nephrology - Scope of the specialty, Nephrology - Who sees a nephrologist?, Nephrology - Diagnosis, Nephrology - Therapy

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Penicillamine is used as a form of immunosuppression to treat rheumatoid arthritis. It works by reducing numbers of T-lymphocytes, inhibiting macrophage function, decreasing IL-1, decreasing rheumatoid factor, and preventing collagen from cross-linking. Its use in Wilson's disease, a rare genetic disorder of copper metabolism, relies on its binding to accumulated copper and elimination through urine. ...

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Penicillamine, Penicillamine - Uses, Penicillamine - History

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