urban warfare

An ambulance is a vehicle designated for the transport of sick or injured people. The first ambulances called by that name were horse ambulances used in the American Civil War. The first practical ambulances were created by Dominique Jean Larrey, a French surgeon (1766-1842), for use in the Napoleonic Wars. Modern-day ambulances are typically large automobiles on a van or light truck chassis. However, an ambulance can be any vehicle, including a bus, helicopter, or even a hospital ship. During the 1960s and 1970s, station wagons were used in some American cities (despite their limited space) and ...

Including:

• Ambulance - Ambulances in North America
• Ambulance - Ambulance Providers
• Ambulance - Service Level
• Ambulance - Need for Flexibility
• Ambulance - Ambulances in France & Europe
• Ambulance - First responders vehicles
• Ambulance - Hospital ambulances
• Ambulance - Special warning devices and traffic law
• Ambulance - Ambulances in the UK
• Ambulance - Private ambulance companies
• Ambulance - Military ambulances

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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the globe and is accepted as the largest and deadliest war in human history. The war was fought between the Axis Powers and the Allies. The Axis initially consisted of an alliance between Germany and Italy, which later expanded to include Japan and Eastern European countries such as Romania and Bulgaria. Some of the nations that Germany conquered sent military forces, particularly to the Eastern front. Among the expeditionary ...

Including:

• World War II - Causes
• World War II - Participants
• World War II - Chronology
• World War II - A debated starting date
• World War II - 1937: Second Sino-Japanese War
• World War II - 1939: War breaks out in Europe
• World War II - 1940: The war spreads
• World War II - 1941: The war becomes global
• World War II - 1942: Deadlock
• World War II - 1943: The war turns
• World War II - 1944: The beginning of the end
• World War II - 1945: The end of the war
• World War II - Resistance
• World War II - The Home fronts
• World War II - Technologies
• World War II - Civilian impact & atrocities
• World War II - Genocide
• World War II - Concentration camps labour camps and internment
• World War II - War crimes and attacks on civilians
• World War II - Aftermath
• World War II - Casualties
• World War II - A world in ruins
• World War II - United Nations
• World War II - The Cold War begins
• World War II - Main articles
• World War II - Media

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Close combat is the USMC term for combat within close range. It may include lethal and nonlethal methods across a "spectrum of violence" or within a "continuum of force" as established by rules of engagement. Unarmed close combat is sometimes called combatives. Close combat with weapons may be called close quarter battle at the squad level. Current US Army terminology is to use MOUT for higher-level strategic and tactical considerations of urban warfare or OOTW for "operations other ...

Including:

• Close combat - References and Related Articles

Read more here: » Close combat: Encyclopedia - Close combat

CQB, sometimes CQC, is an acronym for Close Quarters Battle or Close Quarters Combat, and refers to fighting methods within buildings, streets, narrow alleys and other places where visibility and maneuverability are limited. Both CQB and MOUT are related to urban warfare, but while MOUT refers mainly to the macro of it (i.e. sending troops, using of heavy armoured fighting vehicles, battle management), CQB refers to the micro of it—namely: how a small squad of infantry troops should fight in urban environments and/or inside buildings in order to ...

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Asymmetric warfare is a military term describing warfare in which the two belligerents are mismatched in their military capabilities or their accustomed methods of engagement. In such a situation the militarily disadvantaged power must press its special advantages or effectively exploit its enemy's particular weaknesses if the disadvantaged power is to have any hope of prevailing. Asymmetric warfare - Concepts. Asymmetric warfare - Strategic basis. Usually in warfare at the star ...

Including:

• Asymmetric warfare - Concepts
• Asymmetric warfare - Strategic basis
• Asymmetric warfare - Tactical basis
• Asymmetric warfare - The use of terrain in asymmetric warfare
• Asymmetric warfare - War by proxy
• Asymmetric warfare - Asymmetric warfare and terrorism
• Asymmetric warfare - Morality of asymmetric warfare
• Asymmetric warfare - Examples of asymmetric warfare
• Asymmetric warfare - Pre-20th century asymmetric warfare
• Asymmetric warfare - 20th century asymmetric warfare
• Asymmetric warfare - 21st century

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The Battle of Stalingrad was a major turning point in World War II, and is considered the bloodiest battle in recorded human history. The battle was marked by the brutality and disregard for civilian casualties on both sides. The battle is taken to include the German siege of the southern Russian city of Stalingrad (today Volgograd), the battle inside the city, and the Soviet counter-offensive which eventually trapped and destroyed the German Sixth Army and other Axis forces in and around the city. Total casualties are estimated at be ...

Including:

• Battle of Stalingrad - Background
• Battle of Stalingrad - Operation Blau
• Battle of Stalingrad - The Battle Opens
• Battle of Stalingrad - The Battle in the City
• Battle of Stalingrad - The Soviet Counter-attack
• Battle of Stalingrad - Soviet Victory
• Battle of Stalingrad - Dramatization

Read more here: » Battle of Stalingrad: Encyclopedia - Battle of Stalingrad

Combatives is a term used by the US Army to describe various hybrid martial arts, which incorporate techniques from several different martial arts and combat sports. Unlike martial arts, such systems usually have limited sport application and often focus on simple techniques for use in self-defense or combat. As defined by US Army FM 21-150 Combatives: Hand-to-hand combat is an engagement between two or more persons in an empty-handed struggle or with handheld weapons such as knives, sticks, and rifles with bayone ...

Including:

• Combatives - Military History
• Combatives - Civilian Instructors
• Combatives - Criticisms
• Combatives - Books of Interest

Read more here: » Combatives: Encyclopedia - Combatives

Military campaigns are usally a connected series of battles (or instances of combat in warfare between two or more parties wherein each group seeks to defeat the others) and the maneuvers that is conducted by a military force (regular or irregular) seeking victory in a war. Military campaigns are more often undertaken by permanent, professional force of soldiers or guerrillas—trained units as distinguished from the operation by militia or other temporary forces. A military campaign can be, more loosely though, any ...

See also:

Military campaign, Military campaign - Campaign variations, Military campaign - Evaluations

Read more here: » Military campaign: Encyclopedia II - Military campaign - Campaign variations

Examples of successful guerrilla warfare: Algeria Angola Afghanistan portions of the American Revolution East Timor Indonesia Mozambique portions of the Wars of Scottish Independence; notably, actions led by Robert the Bruce Anglo-Irish War 1919-1921 Viet-Cong forces throughout the Vietnam War in the early 1960s. In many cases, guerrilla tactics allow a small force to hold off a much larger and better equipped enemy for a long time, as in the Second Chechen War and the Second Seminole War. Guerrilla ...

See also:

Guerrilla warfare, Guerrilla warfare - Etymology, Guerrilla warfare - Tactics, Guerrilla warfare - Examples, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrillas in Europe, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrillas in the American Revolutionary War, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrillas in the American Civil War, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrilla warfare during the Second Sino-Japanese War, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrilla Warfare in the Chinese Civil War, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrilla Warfare in the Pacific and East Asian theatre of World War II, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrillas in Palestine and Israel 1930s to present, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrillas in Latin America, Guerrilla warfare - South African War, Guerrilla warfare - Disputed Territory of Kashmir, Guerrilla warfare - Vietnam War, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrilla warfare in Kosovo Afghanistan and Kurdish Northern Iraq, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrilla in Iraq 2003-, Guerrilla warfare - Notes

Read more here: » Guerrilla warfare: Encyclopedia II - Guerrilla warfare - Examples

Military organizations have always taught some sort of unarmed combat for conditioning and as a supplement to armed combat. Among the samurai of Japan, such combatives were known as Bujutsu (jujutsu, aikijutsu, tantojutsu, bojutsu) and so on. Like weapon arts such as kenjutsu, yarijutsu and naginatajutsu, these often were adapted in later stages to cultural or sport forms such as kyudo, judo, aikido or kendo. Even through major technological changes such as the use of gunpowder in the Napoleonic wars, the machine gun in the Russo-Japanese War and the trench warfare of World War I, hand-to-hand fighting methods such as bayone ...

See also:

Combatives, Combatives - Military History, Combatives - Civilian Instructors, Combatives - Criticisms, Combatives - Books of Interest

Read more here: » Combatives: Encyclopedia II - Combatives - Military History

Examples of successful guerrilla warfare: Algeria Angola Afghanistan portions of the American Revolution East Timor Indonesia Mozambique portions of the Wars of Scottish Independence; notably, actions led by Robert the Bruce Anglo-Irish War 1919-1921 Viet-Cong forces throughout the Vietnam War in the early 1960s. In many cases, guerrilla tactics allow a small force to hold off a much larger and better equipped enemy for a long time, as in the Second Chechen War and the Second Seminole War. Guerrilla ...

See also:

Guerrilla warfare, Guerrilla warfare - Etymology, Guerrilla warfare - Tactics, Guerrilla warfare - Examples, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrillas in Europe, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrillas in the American Revolutionary War, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrillas in the American Civil War, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrilla warfare during the Second Sino-Japanese War, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrilla Warfare in the Chinese Civil War, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrillas in Palestine and Israel 1930s to present, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrillas in Latin America, Guerrilla warfare - South African War, Guerrilla warfare - Disputed Territory of Kashmir, Guerrilla warfare - Vietnam War, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrilla warfare in Kosovo Afghanistan and Kurdish Northern Iraq, Guerrilla warfare - Guerrilla in Iraq 2003-2006, Guerrilla warfare - Notes

Read more here: » Guerrilla warfare: Encyclopedia II - Guerrilla warfare - Examples

The M4A1 carbine, an improvement upon the M4 carbine intended for Special Operations use, features a fully-automatic fire mode, a flat-top NATO M1913-specification rail on top of the receiver (for attachment of optical sights and other aiming devices — Trijicon TA11 and TA31 ACOGs and Aimpoint M68 CCOs being the favorite choices), and a detachable rail-mounted carrying handle. The M4A1 can be found in use by many U.S. military units, including the U.S. Army Rangers, Delta Force, U.S. Navy SEALs, and the United ...

See also:

M4 Carbine, M4 Carbine - History and variants, M4 Carbine - Design, M4 Carbine - Accessories, M4 Carbine - Lessons learned reports, M4 Carbine - Operation, M4 Carbine - Safety Precaution no magazine fitted, M4 Carbine - Safety Precaution magazine fitted, M4 Carbine - Load, M4 Carbine - Ready, M4 Carbine - Fire, M4 Carbine - Unload, M4 Carbine - American civilian ownership

Read more here: » M4 Carbine: Encyclopedia II - M4 Carbine - History and variants

Stalin forbade the evacuation of civilians from the city on the premise that their presence would encourage greater resistance from the city's defenders. Civilians including women and children were put to work building trenchworks and protective fortifications. A massive German air bombardment on 23 August caused a firestorm, killing thousands of civilians and turning Stalingrad into a vast landscape of rubble and burnt ruins. Eighty percent of the living space in the city was destroyed. The burden of the initial fighting for the city proper ...

See also:

Battle of Stalingrad, Battle of Stalingrad - Background, Battle of Stalingrad - Operation Blau, Battle of Stalingrad - The battle opens, Battle of Stalingrad - The Battle in the City, Battle of Stalingrad - The Soviet Counter-attack: Operation Uranus, Battle of Stalingrad - Soviet Victory, Battle of Stalingrad - Dramatization

Read more here: » Battle of Stalingrad: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Stalingrad - The Battle in the City

The Merkava Mk 4 is the latest generation in Israel's Merkava main battle tanks series, in service from 2004. It offers extra protection to the crew with more powerful and accurate fire systems. The Merkava has improved armor on the front and sides of the tank, and even the top of the turret, making it one of the best protected tanks in the world. The armor is modular so when the tank is hit, only the damaged armor plates need replacement. The Mk 4 also has additional crew survivability features: Each tank component is designed ...

See also:

Merkava, Merkava - History, Merkava - Merkava Mk 1, Merkava - Merkava Mk 2, Merkava - Merkava Mk 3, Merkava - Mk 3B, Merkava - Mk 3 4th generation, Merkava - Merkava Mk 4, Merkava - Special Merkava variants, Merkava - Merkava 3 LIC, Merkava - Merkava Ambulance, Merkava - Merkava-based armored fighting vehicles, Merkava - Merkava Armored Recovery Vehicle ARV, Merkava - Merkava based APC/IFV, Merkava - Merkava based self-propelled artillery, Merkava - General remarks

Read more here: » Merkava: Encyclopedia II - Merkava - Merkava Mk 4

Military organizations have always taught some sort of unarmed combat for conditioning and as a supplement to armed combat. Among the samurai of Japan, such combatives were known as Bujutsu (jujutsu, aikijutsu, tantojutsu, bojutsu) and so on. Like weapon arts such as kenjutsu, yarijutsu and naginatajutsu, these often were adapted in later stages to cultural or sport forms such as kyudo, judo, aikido or kendo. Even through major technological changes such as the use of gunpowder in the Napoleonic wars, the machine gun in the Russo-Japanese War and the trench warfare of World War I, hand-to-hand fighting methods such ...

See also:

Hand to hand combat, Hand to hand combat - Military History, Hand to hand combat - Civilian Instructors, Hand to hand combat - Books of Interest, Hand to hand combat - External links

Read more here: » Hand to hand combat: Encyclopedia II - Hand to hand combat - Military History

Main articles: European Theatre of World War II, Mediterranean Theatre of World War II, Pacific War, End of World War II in Europe World War II - A debated starting date. [4]The date on which World War II started is a debated subject; historians do not all agree on which event signified the start of the war. The most common date used is 1 September 1939, marking the German invasion of Poland which resulted in the B ...

See also:

World War II, World War II - Causes, World War II - Participants, World War II - Chronology, World War II - A debated starting date, World War II - 1937: Second Sino-Japanese War, World War II - 1939: War breaks out in Europe, World War II - 1940: The war spreads, World War II - 1941: The war becomes global, World War II - 1942: Deadlock, World War II - 1943: The war turns, World War II - 1944: The beginning of the end, World War II - 1945: The end of the war, World War II - Resistance, World War II - The Home fronts, World War II - Technologies, World War II - Civilian impact & atrocities, World War II - Genocide, World War II - Concentration camps labour camps and internment, World War II - War crimes and attacks on civilians, World War II - Aftermath, World War II - Casualties, World War II - A world in ruins, World War II - United Nations, World War II - The Cold War begins, World War II - Main articles, World War II - Media

Read more here: » World War II: Encyclopedia II - World War II - Chronology

Captain Jason Conroy, a 15-year veteran of the U.S. Army, was the Charlie Company Commander, 1st Battalion, 64th Armor Regiment. Ron Martz writes on defense issues for the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. He was named writer of the year by the Atlanta Press Club and Cox Newspapers and finished second to the staff of Time Magazine in the National Headliner awards for his coverage of the war in Iraq. He is the co-author of three previous books on military history. ...

See also:

Heavy Metal: a Tank Company's Battle to Baghdad, Heavy Metal: a Tank Company's Battle to Baghdad - Authors, Heavy Metal: a Tank Company's Battle to Baghdad - ISBNs

Read more here: » Heavy Metal: a Tank Company's Battle to Baghdad: Encyclopedia II - Heavy Metal: a Tank Company's Battle to Baghdad - Authors

Prior to the Iran-Iraq War, U.S.-Iraqi relations were cool, and Iraq had been chiefly an ally of the Soviet Union. The U.S. was concerned with Iraq's belligerence toward Israel and disapproval of moves towards peace with other Arab states. It also condemned Iraqi support for various Arab and Palestinian terrorist groups such as Abu Nidal, which led to its inclusion on the incipient State Department list of states that sponsor terrorism on December 29, 1979. The U.S. remained officially neutral during the outbreak of hostilities in the Iran-I ...

See also:

Gulf War, Gulf War - Name, Gulf War - Causes, Gulf War - Pre-war Iraqi-American Relations, Gulf War - Invasion of Kuwait, Gulf War - Diplomacy, Gulf War - Air campaign, Gulf War - Ground campaign, Gulf War - The end of hostilities, Gulf War - Coalition involvement, Gulf War - Canada, Gulf War - Casualties, Gulf War - Casualties during the War, Gulf War - The Post-War Effects of Depleted Uranium, Gulf War - Cost, Gulf War - Media, Gulf War - Consequences, Gulf War - Technology, Gulf War - Films about the Gulf War, Gulf War - Further reading, Gulf War - Notes

Read more here: » Gulf War: Encyclopedia II - Gulf War - Pre-war Iraqi-American Relations

Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower. National military service is compulsory for Jewish men and women over the age of 17, although exemptions may be made on religious, physical, pacifist or psychological grounds (see Profile 21). The fact that an increasing number of men in the Haredi community are exempt has been a source of tension in Israeli society. Men serve three years in the IDF, as do the women in combat positions, while women in non-combat positions serve two. The IDF requi ...

See also:

Israel Defense Forces, Israel Defense Forces - History, Israel Defense Forces - Overview, Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower, Israel Defense Forces - Expenditures and alliances, Israel Defense Forces - Military structure, Israel Defense Forces - High command General Staff, Israel Defense Forces - Ground forces, Israel Defense Forces - Air force, Israel Defense Forces - Navy, Israel Defense Forces - Military intelligence, Israel Defense Forces - Support, Israel Defense Forces - Regional commands, Israel Defense Forces - Related organisations, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli military technology, Israel Defense Forces - Main Israeli developments, Israel Defense Forces - Specific weapon systems, Israel Defense Forces - Nuclear capability, Israel Defense Forces - Israel Defence Forces Ranks, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Values of the Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct against terrorists, Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics, Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing, Israel Defense Forces - House demolitions, Israel Defense Forces - Related IDF articles, Israel Defense Forces - General related articles

Read more here: » Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israel Defense Forces - Overview

Individual street fighting is distinct from sport fighting and duels because the latter are normally conducted according to some pre-arranged format, usually including some sort of rules. The distinction is not simple, since street fighting may be conducted according to an informal code of honor, but in street fighting such a code would be understood rather than explicitly agreed upon. In societies where dueling was common (and in those that still practise it today, such as the Philippines) many of the circumstances that would otherwi ...

See also:

Street fighting, Street fighting - Individual street fights, Street fighting - Drunkenness, Street fighting - Prejudice, Street fighting - Money, Street fighting - Sexual assault, Street fighting - Organized crime, Street fighting - Factional street fighting, Street fighting - Prejudice, Street fighting - Political Confrontation, Street fighting - Labour Confrontation, Street fighting - Sports Riots

Read more here: » Street fighting: Encyclopedia II - Street fighting - Individual street fights