Uralo-Siberian is a hypothetical language family consisting of the following language families: Uralic Yukaghir Chukotko-Kamchatkan Eskimo-Aleut Uralo-Siberian languages - History. Structural similarities between Uralic and Eskimo-Aleut languages were observed early. In 1746, the Danish theologian Marcus Wöldike compared Greenlandic to Hungarian. In 1818, Rasmus Rask considered Greenlandic to be related to the Uralic languages, and presented a list of lexical ...

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• Uralo-Siberian languages - History
• Uralo-Siberian languages - Evidence
• Uralo-Siberian languages - Phonology
• Uralo-Siberian languages - Morphology
• Uralo-Siberian languages - Lexicon
• Uralo-Siberian languages - Sources

Read more here: » Uralo-Siberian languages: Encyclopedia - Uralo-Siberian languages

Uralo-Siberian languages - Phonology. The consonant inventories of the reconstructed protolanguages of the four Uralo-Siberian families are very similar to each other. A common feature is that there are only voiceless and no voiced stops, while there is a set of voiced (but no voiceless) non-sibilant fricatives with the same places of articulation (labial, dental, palatal and velar; in Chukotko-Kamchatkan and Eskimo-Aleut, also uvular). There are also nasals in the same places of articulation. In addition, there are three sibilants, and liquids and semivowels. See also:

Uralo-Siberian languages, Uralo-Siberian languages - History, Uralo-Siberian languages - Evidence, Uralo-Siberian languages - Phonology, Uralo-Siberian languages - Morphology, Uralo-Siberian languages - Lexicon, Uralo-Siberian languages - Sources

Read more here: » Uralo-Siberian languages: Encyclopedia II - Uralo-Siberian languages - Evidence

As laid out by Greenberg (2000:279-81), the branches of Eurasiatic are: Etruscan Indo-European Uralic-Yukaghir Altaic Korean-Japanese-Ainu Gilyak Chukotian Eskimo-Aleut Etruscan was spoken in Tuscany and nearby areas of Italy up to the first century A.D. It may have been brought to Italy by emigrants from Anatolia. Indo-European is the hypothetical common anc ...

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Eurasiatic languages, Eurasiatic languages - The branches of Eurasiatic, Eurasiatic languages - Relation to other language families, Eurasiatic languages - Prospects for the Eurasiatic hypothesis

Read more here: » Eurasiatic languages: Encyclopedia II - Eurasiatic languages - The branches of Eurasiatic

The "Urheimat" of Proto-Finno-Ugric, the hypothetical proto-language of the modern Finno-Ugric languages, cannot be located with any certainty. The area which lies in what is now central and northern European Russia (i.e., west of the Ural mountains) is generally assumed as a likely candidate, at a time of maybe the 3rd millennium BC. This is based on the linguistic migration theory, which appears to suggest a "centre of gravity" somewhere around the middle Volga River, and on reconstructed plant and animal names (notably including spruce, S ...

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Finno-Ugric languages, Finno-Ugric languages - Origins, Finno-Ugric languages - History, Finno-Ugric languages - Structural features, Finno-Ugric languages - Classification, Finno-Ugric languages - Disputes, Finno-Ugric languages - Common vocabulary, Finno-Ugric languages - Numbers, Finno-Ugric languages - Finno-Ugric Swadesh lists

Read more here: » Finno-Ugric languages: Encyclopedia II - Finno-Ugric languages - Origins

The Ural-Altaic language family was a grouping of languages which was once widely accepted by linguists, but has since been generally rejected[citation needed]. It comprises of the Altaic languages (Turkish, Mongolian, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tatar, Manchu, and its derivatives, plus perhaps Korean and Japanese), and the Uralic languages (Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian, and its derivatives. The theory of a Uralo-Altaic group has now been widely disapproved by historical linguists as a misnomer. Even the existence of the A ...

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The principal objection to theories like Greenberg's is that contact between populations often results in exchange of words, so similarities in vocabulary and even in grammatical structure do not necessarily indicate a common origin. For instance, English contains many French words and Persian contains many Turkish and Arabic words. Nevertheless it remains true to say that English is a descendant of Proto-Germanic and Persian is a descendant of Old Persian. Whether similarities between two languages are due to common ancestry or to linguisti ...

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Eurasiatic languages, Eurasiatic languages - The branches of Eurasiatic, Eurasiatic languages - Relation to other language families, Eurasiatic languages - Prospects for the Eurasiatic hypothesis

Read more here: » Eurasiatic languages: Encyclopedia II - Eurasiatic languages - Prospects for the Eurasiatic hypothesis

This is a small sample of cognates in basic vocabulary across Uralic, illustrating the sound laws (based on the Encyclopædia Britannica and Hakkinen 1979). Note that in general two cognates don't have the same meaning; they merely have the same origin. Thus, the English word in each row should be regarded as an approximation of the original meaning, not a translation of the other words. (Orthographical notes: The hacek (š) denotes postalveolar articulation, while the accent (ś) denotes a secondary palatal articulation. The F ...

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Finno-Ugric languages, Finno-Ugric languages - Origins, Finno-Ugric languages - History, Finno-Ugric languages - Structural features, Finno-Ugric languages - Classification, Finno-Ugric languages - Disputes, Finno-Ugric languages - Common vocabulary, Finno-Ugric languages - Numbers, Finno-Ugric languages - Finno-Ugric Swadesh lists

Read more here: » Finno-Ugric languages: Encyclopedia II - Finno-Ugric languages - Common vocabulary

The first mention of a Uralic people is in Tacitus' Germania, mentioning the Finns as adjacent to Germanic territory. In the late 15th century, European scholars noted the resemblance of the names Hungaria and Yugria, the names of settlements east of the Ural. They assumed a connection, but did not look into linguistic evidence. In 1671, Swedish scholar Georg Stiernhielm commented on the similarities of Lapp, Estonian and Finnish, and also on a few similar words in Finnish and Hungarian, while the German scholar Martin V ...

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Finno-Ugric languages, Finno-Ugric languages - Origins, Finno-Ugric languages - History, Finno-Ugric languages - Structural features, Finno-Ugric languages - Classification, Finno-Ugric languages - Disputes, Finno-Ugric languages - Common vocabulary, Finno-Ugric languages - Numbers, Finno-Ugric languages - Finno-Ugric Swadesh lists

Read more here: » Finno-Ugric languages: Encyclopedia II - Finno-Ugric languages - History

All of the Finno-Ugric languages share structural features and basic vocabulary. Around 200 basic words have been proposed and include word stems for concepts related to humans such as names for relatives and body parts. This common vocabulary includes, according to Lyle Campbell, at least 55 words related to fishing, 33 related to hunting and eating animals, 12 related to reindeer, 17 related to plant foods, 31 related to technology, 26 related to building, 11 related to clothing, 18 related to climate, 4 related to society, 11 related to religion, and 3 related to commerce ...

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Finno-Ugric languages, Finno-Ugric languages - Origins, Finno-Ugric languages - History, Finno-Ugric languages - Structural features, Finno-Ugric languages - Classification, Finno-Ugric languages - Disputes, Finno-Ugric languages - Common vocabulary, Finno-Ugric languages - Numbers, Finno-Ugric languages - Finno-Ugric Swadesh lists

Read more here: » Finno-Ugric languages: Encyclopedia II - Finno-Ugric languages - Structural features

It is generally agreed that the Finno-Ugric subfamily of the Uralic languages has the following members: Ugric (Ugrian) Hungarian Hungarian Ob Ugric (Ob Ugrian) Khanty (Ostyak) Mansi (Vogul) Finno-Permic (Permian-Finnic) Permic (Permian) Komi (Komi-Zyrian, Zyrian) Komi-Permyak Udmurt (Votyak) Finno-Volgaic (Finno-Cheremisic, Finno-Mar ...

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Finno-Ugric languages, Finno-Ugric languages - Origins, Finno-Ugric languages - History, Finno-Ugric languages - Structural features, Finno-Ugric languages - Classification, Finno-Ugric languages - Disputes, Finno-Ugric languages - Common vocabulary, Finno-Ugric languages - Numbers, Finno-Ugric languages - Finno-Ugric Swadesh lists

Read more here: » Finno-Ugric languages: Encyclopedia II - Finno-Ugric languages - Classification