Unix - Free Unix-like operating systems

Unix or UNIX is a computer operating system originally developed in the 1960s and 1970s by a group of AT&T Bell Labs employees including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and Douglas McIlroy. Today's Unix systems are split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T, several other commercial vendors, as well as several non-profit organizations. Unix was designed to be portable, multi-tasking and multi-user. The Unix systems are characterized by various concepts: plain text files, command line interpreter, hier ...

Including:

• Unix - History
• Unix - 1960s and 1970s
• Unix - 1980s
• Unix - 1990s
• Unix - 2000s
• Unix - Standards
• Unix - List of Unixes
• Unix - Research Unix
• Unix - AT&T UNIX Systems & descendants
• Unix - Free Unix-like operating systems
• Unix - Impact
• Unix - Branding
• Unix - Canonical Unix Commands
• Unix - Sources

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In 1983, Richard Stallman announced the GNU project, an ambitious effort to create a free software Unix-like system; "free" in that everyone who received a copy would be free to use, study, modify, and redistribute it. GNU's goal was achieved in 1992. Its own kernel development project, GNU Hurd, had not produced a working kernel, but a compatible kernel called Linux was released as free software in 1992 (under the GNU General Public License). These "GNU/Linux" systems are commonly referred to as just Linux ...

See also:

Unix, Unix - History, Unix - 1960s and 1970s, Unix - 1980s, Unix - 1990s, Unix - 2000s, Unix - Standards, Unix - List of Unixes, Unix - Research Unix, Unix - AT&T UNIX Systems & descendants, Unix - Free Unix-like operating systems, Unix - Impact, Unix - Branding, Unix - Canonical Unix Commands, Unix - Sources

Read more here: » Unix: Encyclopedia II - Unix - Free Unix-like operating systems

In 1983, Richard Stallman announced the GNU project, an ambitious effort to create a free software Unix-like system; "free" in that everyone who received a copy would be free to use, study, modify, and redistribute it. GNU's goal was achieved in 1992. Its own kernel development project, GNU Hurd, had not produced a working kernel, but a compatible kernel called Linux was released as free software in 1992 (under the GNU General Public License). These "GNU/Linux" systems are commonly referred to as just ...

See also:

Unix, Unix - History, Unix - 1960s and 1970s, Unix - 1980s, Unix - 1990s, Unix - 2000s, Unix - Standards, Unix - List of Unixes, Unix - Research Unix, Unix - AT&T UNIX Systems & descendants, Unix - Free Unix-like operating systems, Unix - Impact, Unix - Branding, Unix - Canonical Unix Commands, Unix - Sources

Read more here: » Unix: Encyclopedia II - Unix - Free Unix-like operating systems

Unix - 1960s and 1970s. In the 1960s, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, AT&T Bell Labs, and General Electric worked on an experimental operating system called Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service), which was designed to run on the GE-645 mainframe computer. The aim was the creation of an interactive operating system with many novel capabilities, including enhanced security. The project did develop production releases, but initially these releases turn ...

See also:

Unix, Unix - History, Unix - 1960s and 1970s, Unix - 1980s, Unix - 1990s, Unix - 2000s, Unix - Standards, Unix - List of Unixes, Unix - Research Unix, Unix - AT&T UNIX Systems & descendants, Unix - Free Unix-like operating systems, Unix - Impact, Unix - Branding, Unix - Canonical Unix Commands, Unix - Sources

Read more here: » Unix: Encyclopedia II - Unix - History

The most basic Unix commands and utilities are: Directory and file creation and navigation: ls cd pwd mkdir rm rmdir cp find File viewing and editing: touch more ed vi emacs ex Text processing: echo cat grep sort uniq sed awk tail tee head cut tr split printf File comparison: comm cmp diff patch Misc shell tools: yes test xargs System administration: chmod chown ps su w who Communication: mail telnet ftp finger ssh Shells: sh bash csh ksh tcsh These are the 60 us ...

See also:

Unix, Unix - History, Unix - 1960s and 1970s, Unix - 1980s, Unix - 1990s, Unix - 2000s, Unix - Standards, Unix - List of Unixes, Unix - Research Unix, Unix - AT&T UNIX Systems & descendants, Unix - Free Unix-like operating systems, Unix - Impact, Unix - Branding, Unix - Canonical Unix Commands, Unix - Sources

Read more here: » Unix: Encyclopedia II - Unix - Canonical Unix Commands

The Unix system had a great impact on the surrounding community. Some consider it the most influential operating system in changing other proprietary operating systems, leading Unix to be called "the most important operating system you may never use." Following the lead of Multics, it was written in high level language as opposed to assembler (assembler was in vogue at the time). It had a drastically simplified file model compared to many contemporary operating systems. The file system hierarchy contained machine services and d ...

See also:

Unix, Unix - History, Unix - 1960s and 1970s, Unix - 1980s, Unix - 1990s, Unix - 2000s, Unix - Standards, Unix - List of Unixes, Unix - Research Unix, Unix - AT&T UNIX Systems & descendants, Unix - Free Unix-like operating systems, Unix - Impact, Unix - Branding, Unix - Canonical Unix Commands, Unix - Sources

Read more here: » Unix: Encyclopedia II - Unix - Impact

Beginning in the late 1980s, an open operating system standardization effort known as POSIX provided a common baseline for all operating systems; IEEE based POSIX around the structure of the Unix system. At around the same time a separate but very similar standard, the Single UNIX Specification, was also produced by the Open Group. Starting in 1998 these two standards bodies began work on merging the two standards, and the latest revisi ...

See also:

Unix, Unix - History, Unix - 1960s and 1970s, Unix - 1980s, Unix - 1990s, Unix - 2000s, Unix - Standards, Unix - List of Unixes, Unix - Research Unix, Unix - AT&T UNIX Systems & descendants, Unix - Free Unix-like operating systems, Unix - Impact, Unix - Branding, Unix - Canonical Unix Commands, Unix - Sources

Read more here: » Unix: Encyclopedia II - Unix - Standards

Unix - AT&T UNIX Systems & descendants. Each of the systems in this list is evolved from the version before, with Unix System III evolving from both the UNIX Time-Sharing System v7 and the descendants of the UNIX Time-Sharing System v6. Unix System III (1981) Unix System IV (1982) Unix System V (1983) Unix System V Release 2 (1984) Unix System V Release 3.0 (1986) Unix System V Release 3.2< ...

See also:

Unix, Unix - History, Unix - 1960s and 1970s, Unix - 1980s, Unix - 1990s, Unix - 2000s, Unix - Standards, Unix - List of Unixes, Unix - Research Unix, Unix - AT&T UNIX Systems & descendants, Unix - Free Unix-like operating systems, Unix - Impact, Unix - Branding, Unix - Canonical Unix Commands, Unix - Sources

Read more here: » Unix: Encyclopedia II - Unix - Research Unix

In 1994, Novell, the company that owned the rights to the Unix System V source at the time, sold the trademarks of Unix to the X/Open Company (now The Open Group), and sold the related business operations to Santa Cruz Operation. Whether Novell also sold the copyrights to the actual software is currently the subject of litigation in SCO v. Novell. By decree of The Open Group, the term "UNIX" refers more to a class of operating systems than to a specific implementation of an operating system; those operating systems which meet The Open ...

See also:

Unix, Unix - History, Unix - 1960s and 1970s, Unix - 1980s, Unix - 1990s, Unix - 2000s, Unix - Standards, Unix - List of Unixes, Unix - Research Unix, Unix - AT&T UNIX Systems & descendants, Unix - Free Unix-like operating systems, Unix - Impact, Unix - Branding, Unix - Canonical Unix Commands, Unix - Sources

Read more here: » Unix: Encyclopedia II - Unix - Branding