In physical cosmology, the Big Bang is the scientific theory that the Universe emerged from an enormously dense and hot state about 13.7 billion years ago. The Big Bang is a consequence of the observed Hubble's law velocities of distant galaxies that when taken together with the cosmological principle imply that space is expanding according to the Friedmann-Lemaître model of general relativity. Extrapolated into the past, these observations show that the Universe has expanded from a primeval state, in which all the matter and energy ...

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Big Bang - History Big Bang - Overview Big Bang - Theoretical underpinnings Big Bang - Observational evidence
Big Bang - Hubble's law expansion Big Bang - Cosmic microwave background radiation Big Bang - Abundance of primordial elements Big Bang - Galactic evolution and distribution
Big Bang - Features issues and problems
Big Bang - Horizon problem Big Bang - Flatness problem Big Bang - Magnetic monopoles Big Bang - Baryon asymmetry Big Bang - Globular cluster age Big Bang - Dark matter Big Bang - Dark energy
Big Bang - The future according to the Big Bang theory Big Bang - Speculative physics beyond the Big Bang Big Bang - Philosophical and religious interpretations

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Universe, Universe - Expansion and age and the Big Bang theory, Universe - Size of Universe and observable Universe, Universe - Shape of the Universe, Universe - Fate of the Universe, Universe - Multiverse, Universe - Other terms

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Before observations of dark energy, cosmologists considered two scenarios for the future of the Universe. If the mass density of the universe is above the critical density, then the Universe would reach a maximum size and then begin to collapse. It would become denser and hotter again, ending with a state that was similar to that in which it started—a Big Crunch. Alternatively, if the density in the Universe is equal to or below the critical density, the expansion would slow down, but never stop. Star formation would cease as the Universe ...

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Big Bang, Big Bang - History, Big Bang - Overview, Big Bang - Theoretical underpinnings, Big Bang - Observational evidence, Big Bang - Hubble's law expansion, Big Bang - Cosmic microwave background radiation, Big Bang - Abundance of primordial elements, Big Bang - Galactic evolution and distribution, Big Bang - Features issues and problems, Big Bang - Horizon problem, Big Bang - Flatness problem, Big Bang - Magnetic monopoles, Big Bang - Baryon asymmetry, Big Bang - Globular cluster age, Big Bang - Dark matter, Big Bang - Dark energy, Big Bang - The future according to the Big Bang theory, Big Bang - Speculative physics beyond the Big Bang, Big Bang - Philosophical and religious interpretations

Read more here: » Big Bang: Encyclopedia II - Big Bang - The future according to the Big Bang theory

The term Universe has a variety of meanings based on the context in which it is described. In philosophical terms, the Universe is the summation of all that exists and the space in which all events occur. In cosmological terms, the Universe is thought to be a finite or infinite space-time continuum in which all matter and energy exist. (It has been hypothesized by scientists that the Universe is part of a system of many other universes, known as the multiverse.) The terms known Universe, observable Universe, or visibl ...

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Universe - Expansion and age and the Big Bang theory
Universe - Size of Universe and observable Universe
Universe - Shape of the Universe Universe - Fate of the Universe Universe - Multiverse Universe - Other terms

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In vedanta, the second capsule of the Brahma Sutras is the most fundamental, cardinal, sacrosanct, and is also the most famous. Janmadyasya yatah - Brahman is that from which the birth and the evolution of the universe follow.

It says Brahman is that ultimate 'world’ which we gain access to by distilling the world down to its inmost content, or the furthest stop from where we get off by travelling backwards in time-space. Astronomical observations have confirmed more or less beyond doubt that stars, galaxies and clusters of super galaxies are receding from the earth and from one another.

The clinching evidence comes from the Doppler Effect or the Red Shift. The shift in the spectral lines towards the longer wavelengths identified by the red colour in the spectrum confirms that the source of light is moving and is not at rest.

(See also: Big Bang Theory, God and Religion, Peace on Earth, Peace of Mind, Love and Happiness, Life and Beyond, Body Mind and Soul)

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Long before modern science came up with the idea of the Big Bang, India’s Sphota Vada said just what the Big Bang model says - that creation was born of one initial explosion.

Swami Vivekananda sums up the Indian Sphota Vada thus : “ Brahman first manifested itself as Sound, and then as Form. Sensible universe is the Form behind which stands the eternal inexpressible Sphota , the essential eternal material of all ideas or names. Sphota , the manifester as Logos or Word, is the power through which the Lord creates the universe. The Lord first becomes conditioned as the Sphota and then evolves himself as the more concrete sensible universe. In other words, Sphota is the fore- father of all ideas, it is their common basis and even the essence. If all the peculiarities which distinguish one word from another is removed, then what remains would be the Sphota.’’

(See also: Big Bang Theory, God and Religion, Peace on Earth, Peace of Mind, Love and Happiness, Life and Beyond, Body Mind and Soul)

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edit In cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis (or primordial nucleosynthesis) refers to the production of nuclei other than H-1, the normal, light hydrogen, during the early phases of the universe, shortly after the Big Bang. It is believed to be responsible for the formation of hydrogen (H-1 or H), its isotope deuterium (H-2 or D), the helium isotopes He-3 and He-4, and the lithium isotope Li-7. Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Sequence of BBN. Big Bang nucleosynthesis begins about one ...

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Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Sequence of BBN
Big Bang nucleosynthesis - History of Big Bang nucleosynthesis Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Heavy elements Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Helium-4 Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Deuterium
Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Status and Implications of BBN Big Bang nucleosynthesis - Non-standard BBN

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edit Nothing is certain as to the extent of either the age or size of the universe, but the age of the Universe, according to the Big Bang theory, is defined as the largest possible value of proper time integrated along a timelike curve from the Earth at the present epoch back to the "Big Bang". The time that has elapsed on a hypothetical clock which has existed since the Big Bang and is now here on Earth will depend on the motion of the clock. According to the preceding definition, the age of the universe is jus ...

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Age of the universe - Age based on WMAP Age of the universe - Age based on CNO cycle Age of the universe - Age based on temperature
Age of the universe - Planck units
Age of the universe - Assumption of strong priors

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edit According to one version of the Big Bang theory of cosmology, in the beginning the universe had infinite density. Such a description seems to be at odds with everything else in physics, and especially quantum mechanics and its uncertainty principle. It is not surprising, therefore, that quantum mechanics has given rise to an alternative version of the Big Bang theory. According to some quantum loop gravity theorists, the Big Bang was merely the beginning of a period of expansion that followed a period ...

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Big Bounce - Objections Big Bounce - Reference

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edit In cosmology, the Big Crunch is a hypothesized collapse of the universe upon itself after its expansion eventually stops —a counterpart to the Big Bang. If the gravitational attraction of all the matter within the observable horizon is high enough, it could slow the expansion of the universe, and then reverse it. The universe would then contract, with about the same duration as the expansion. Eventually, all matter and energy would be compressed back into a gravitational singularity. It is meaningle ...

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Big Crunch - Literature and entertainment

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The Big Freeze is a scenario in which the universe simply becomes too cold to sustain life due to continued expansion. The Big Freeze is a theory of a possible fate of the universe. For other theories, see Ultimate fate of the universe. The Big Freeze could occur if the universe's geometry is either flat or hyperbolic, because either of those would mean that the universe would expand infinitely, causing a permanent fate. Big Freeze - Geometry. The reason why the universe's shape needs to be a certain shape ...

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Big Freeze - Geometry
Big Freeze - Possible Universe Shapes Big Freeze - Density
Big Freeze - Expansion

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Aristotle's theory of universals is one of the classic solutions to the problem of universals. Aristotle thought—to put it in a not-very-enlightening way—that universals are simply types, properties, or relations that are common to their various instances. In Aristotle's view, universals exist only where they are instantiated; they exist only in things (he said they exist in re, which means simply "in things"), never apart from things. Beyond this Aristotle said that a universal is something identical in each of its inst ...

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In psychology, the Big Five personality traits denotes a certain approach to the theory of personality. Big five personality traits - Overview. The big five personality traits can be summarized as follows: Neuroticism - A tendency to easily experience unpleasant emotions such as anxiety, anger, or depression. Extroversion - Energy, surgency, and the tendency to seek stimulation and the company of others. Agreeableness - A tendency to be compassionate and coopperativ ...

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Big five personality traits - Overview Big five personality traits - Origins Big five personality traits - Hiatus in research
Big five personality traits - Personal computers Big five personality traits - Statistical aggregation Big five personality traits - The Big Five
Big five personality traits - Emergence of the current model Big five personality traits - The Factors
Big five personality traits - Extraversion or Surgency Big five personality traits - Agreeableness Big five personality traits - Conscientiousness Big five personality traits - Neuroticism or inversely Emotional Stability Big five personality traits - Openness to Experience
Big five personality traits - Significance Big five personality traits - Scientific findings Big five personality traits - Weaknesses Big five personality traits - Further research

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The "Big Apple" is a nickname or alternate toponym for New York City. Its popularity since the 1970s is due to a promotional campaign by the New York Convention and Visitor's Bureau. Its earlier origins are less clear. The most plausible explanation cited as of 2004 by the New-York Historical Society and others is that it was first popularized by John J. Fitz Gerald, who first used it in his horse racing column in the New York Morning Telegraph in 1921, then further explaining its origins in his Febr ...

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Big Apple - Spanish theory

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Based on measurements of the expansion of the Universe using Type Ia supernovae, measurements of the lumpiness of the cosmic microwave background, and measurements of the correlation function of galaxies, the Universe has a calculated age of 13.7 ± 0.2 billion years. The agreement of these three independent measurements is considered strong evidence for the so-called ΛCDM model that describes the detailed na ...

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Big Bang, Big Bang - History, Big Bang - Overview, Big Bang - Theoretical underpinnings, Big Bang - Observational evidence, Big Bang - Hubble's law expansion, Big Bang - Cosmic microwave background radiation, Big Bang - Abundance of primordial elements, Big Bang - Galactic evolution and distribution, Big Bang - Features issues and problems, Big Bang - Horizon problem, Big Bang - Flatness problem, Big Bang - Magnetic monopoles, Big Bang - Baryon asymmetry, Big Bang - Globular cluster age, Big Bang - Dark matter, Big Bang - Dark energy, Big Bang - The future according to the Big Bang theory, Big Bang - Speculative physics beyond the Big Bang, Big Bang - Philosophical and religious interpretations

Read more here: » Big Bang: Encyclopedia II - Big Bang - Overview

edit The ultimate fate of the universe is a subject of study in the field of cosmology. Vying scientific theories predict whether the life of the universe is finite or infinite. The fate of the universe depends upon the density of matter and the rate of expansion. Current understanding of matter in the universe suggests that the universe must consist of dark energy and dark matter to explain the current rate of expansion. Mainstream models of the universe currently predict that the universe will go on expanding.< ...

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Ultimate fate of the universe - Scientific theories
Ultimate fate of the universe - Closed universe Ultimate fate of the universe - Open universe Ultimate fate of the universe - Flat universe
Ultimate fate of the universe - End of universe theory
Ultimate fate of the universe - Infinite time but finite lifespan Ultimate fate of the universe - Finite time and lifespan Ultimate fate of the universe - Life in a mortal universe Ultimate fate of the universe - No complete end Ultimate fate of the universe - Temporary events
Ultimate fate of the universe - Observational constraints on theories Ultimate fate of the universe - Popular culture

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Big History is a discrete field of historical study that arose in the late 1980s. It examines history on a large scale across long time frames through a multi-disciplinary approach. Big History - What is Big History?. Big History is looking at the past on all time scales, from the Big Bang to modernity, looking for common themes and patterns. It uses a multi-disciplinary approach from the latest findings in biology, astronomy, archeology, anthropology, etc.. Big History arose out of desire to go beyo ...

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Big History - What is Big History? Big History - Historiography

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Expansion can have several meanings, including: In physics: Expansion of space, thermal expansion In computer hardware: an Expansion card In computer programming: In-line expansion In computer gaming: an expansion pack See also: Wikipedia:Requests for expansion Other related archivesExpansion card, Expansion of space, In-line expansion, Wikipedia:Requests for expansion, computer gaming, computer hardware, computer programming, expansion pa

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The Big Rip is a cosmological hypothesis about the ultimate fate of the Universe. The hypothesis relies crucially on the type of dark energy in the universe. The key value is the equation of state w, the ratio between the dark energy pressure and its energy density. At w < -1, the universe will eventually be pulled apart. Such energy is called phantom energy, a more extreme form of quintessence. In a phantom energy dominated universe the "fabric" of the universe expands at an ever increasing rate. Howeve ...

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Big Rip - Related Topics

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Big Sur is a section of the central California coast, typically considered to run for 90 miles (145km) from Carmel-by-the-Sea in the north to the Hearst Castle at San Simeon in the south. It is characterized by the collision of coastal mountain ranges, locally named the Santa Lucia Range, with the Pacific Ocean. Throughout much of Big Sur, this produces dramatic sea cliffs and undersea kelp forests. The steepest elevation increase from sea level in the lower 48 United States is located here, where Cone Peak stands 5,155 feet (1.57km) ...

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Big Sur - History of Big Sur Big Sur - Big Sur Climate Big Sur - Tourism in Big Sur
Big Sur - List of state parks in Big Sur north to south
Big Sur - Reference

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