The United Nations Security Council is the most powerful organ of the United Nations. It is charged with maintaining peace and security between nations. While other organs of the UN only make recommendations to member governments, the Security Council has the power to make decisions which member governments must carry out under the United Nations Charter. The decisions of the Council are known as UN Security Council Resolutions. United Nations Security Council - History. The Security Council held its first ...

Including:

• United Nations Security Council - History
• United Nations Security Council - Members
• United Nations Security Council - Permanent members
• United Nations Security Council - Elected members
• United Nations Security Council - Membership reform
• United Nations Security Council - Role of members and non-members
• United Nations Security Council - Role of the Security Council
• United Nations Security Council - Resolutions

Read more here: » United Nations Security Council: Encyclopedia - United Nations Security Council

There has been discussion of an increase in the number of permanent members. The countries who have made the strongest demands for permanent seats are Japan, Germany and India. Indeed, Japan and Germany are the UN's second and third largest funders, respectively, while Germany and India are among some of the largest contributors of troops to UN-mandated peace-keeping missions. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan asked a team of advisors to come up with recommendations for revamping the United Nations by the end of 2004. A proposed solutio ...

See also:

United Nations Security Council, United Nations Security Council - History, United Nations Security Council - Members, United Nations Security Council - Permanent members, United Nations Security Council - Elected members, United Nations Security Council - Membership reform, United Nations Security Council - Veto power, United Nations Security Council - Status of non-members, United Nations Security Council - Role of the Security Council, United Nations Security Council - Resolutions, United Nations Security Council - In popular culture

Read more here: » United Nations Security Council: Encyclopedia II - United Nations Security Council - Membership reform

There has been discussion of an increase in the number of permanent members. The countries who have made the strongest demands for permanent seats are Japan, Germany and India. Indeed, Japan and Germany are the UN's second and third largest funders, respectively, while Germany and India are among some of the largest contributors of troops to UN-mandated peace-keeping missions. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan has asked a team of advisors to come up with recommendations for revamping the United Nations by the end of 2004. A proposed sol ...

See also:

United Nations Security Council, United Nations Security Council - History, United Nations Security Council - Members, United Nations Security Council - Permanent members, United Nations Security Council - Elected members, United Nations Security Council - Membership reform, United Nations Security Council - Role of members and non-members, United Nations Security Council - Role of the Security Council, United Nations Security Council - Resolutions

Read more here: » United Nations Security Council: Encyclopedia II - United Nations Security Council - Membership reform

1971 (MCMLXXI) is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). 1971 - Events. January 1 - British Divorce Reform Act comes into force January 2 - 66 die in stairway crush at Rangers v Celtic football match, Glasgow, Scotland. See Ibrox disaster. January 2 - A ban on television cigarette advertisements goes into effect in the United States. January 3 - BBC Open University begins in the United Kingdom Januar ...

Including:

• 1971 - Events
• 1971 - February
• 1971 - March
• 1971 - April
• 1971 - May
• 1971 - June
• 1971 - July
• 1971 - August
• 1971 - September
• 1971 - October
• 1971 - November
• 1971 - December
• 1971 - unknown dates
• 1971 - Births
• 1971 - January
• 1971 - February
• 1971 - March
• 1971 - April
• 1971 - May
• 1971 - June
• 1971 - July
• 1971 - August
• 1971 - September-
• 1971 - October
• 1971 - November
• 1971 - December
• 1971 - Unknown date
• 1971 - Deaths
• 1971 - January
• 1971 - February
• 1971 - March
• 1971 - April
• 1971 - May
• 1971 - June
• 1971 - July
• 1971 - August
• 1971 - September
• 1971 - October
• 1971 - November
• 1971 - December
• 1971 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1971: Encyclopedia - 1971

Abstention is a term in parliamentary procedure for when a participant in a vote is not absent, but does not cast a ballot. An abstention may be used to indicate the voting individual's ambivalence about the measure, or mild disapproval that does not rise to the level of active opposition. In the United States Congress and many other legislatures, members may vote "present" rather than for or against a bill or resolution, which has the effect of an abstention. In the United Nations Security Council, representatives of the five ...

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1953 (MCMLIII) is a common year starting on Thursday. 1953 - Events. January 7 - President Harry S. Truman announces the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb. January 12 - Estonian emigres find a government in exile in Oslo January 13 - Marshal Josip Broz Tito chosen President of Yugoslavia January 15 - Georg Dertinger, foreign minister of East Germany, is arrested for spying January 20 - Change of US presidency from Harry S. Truman (1945-1953) ...

Including:

• 1953 - Events
• 1953 - February
• 1953 - March
• 1953 - April
• 1953 - May
• 1953 - June
• 1953 - July
• 1953 - August
• 1953 - September
• 1953 - October
• 1953 - November
• 1953 - December
• 1953 - Births
• 1953 - January
• 1953 - February
• 1953 - March
• 1953 - April
• 1953 - May
• 1953 - June
• 1953 - July
• 1953 - August
• 1953 - October
• 1953 - November
• 1953 - December
• 1953 - Deaths
• 1953 - January—April
• 1953 - May—August
• 1953 - September—December
• 1953 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1953: Encyclopedia - 1953

1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. 1970 is the Unix epoch time. 1970 - Events. January 1 - Construction begins on Arcosanti, by Paolo Soleri, in Mayer, Arizona, located 65 miles north of Phoenix, Arizona. January 1 - Unix epoch at 00:00:00 UTC. January 5 - The first episode of All My Children was broadcast on the ABC television network. January 12 - Biafra capitulates, ending the Nigerian civil war. January 15 - After a 32-mo ...

Including:

• 1970 - Events
• 1970 - February
• 1970 - March
• 1970 - April
• 1970 - May
• 1970 - June
• 1970 - July
• 1970 - August
• 1970 - September
• 1970 - October
• 1970 - November
• 1970 - December
• 1970 - Unknown date
• 1970 - Births
• 1970 - January
• 1970 - February
• 1970 - March
• 1970 - April
• 1970 - May
• 1970 - June
• 1970 - July
• 1970 - August
• 1970 - September
• 1970 - October
• 1970 - November
• 1970 - December
• 1970 - Unknown date
• 1970 - Deaths
• 1970 - January
• 1970 - February
• 1970 - March
• 1970 - April
• 1970 - May
• 1970 - June
• 1970 - July
• 1970 - August
• 1970 - September
• 1970 - October
• 1970 - November
• 1970 - December
• 1970 - Unknown date
• 1970 - Nobel Prizes
• 1970 - Fields Medalists

Read more here: » 1970: Encyclopedia - 1970

1990 (MCMXC) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. 1990 - Events. January 3 - Former leader of Panama Manuel Noriega surrenders to American forces. January 4 - over 300 people were killed in a train accident in Ghotki pakistan. January 7 - The Leaning Tower of Pisa is closed to the public due to safety concerns. January 9 - Lt Gen Bazilio Olara Okello, the man who led the coup against Dr Apolo Milton Obote's governmen ...

Including:

• 1990 - Events
• 1990 - February
• 1990 - March
• 1990 - April
• 1990 - May
• 1990 - June
• 1990 - July
• 1990 - August
• 1990 - September
• 1990 - October
• 1990 - November
• 1990 - December
• 1990 - Births
• 1990 - Deaths
• 1990 - Nobel Prizes
• 1990 - Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
• 1990 - Fields Medalists
• 1990 - Templeton Prize
• 1990 - Right Livelihood Award
• 1990 - Uncertain dates

Read more here: » 1990: Encyclopedia - 1990

Colin Powell was born in The Bronx, New York City in 1937. His parents had immigrated from Jamaica. Powell always spoke warmly of his parents as loving and hard working. He wrote in his autobiography "Its the luck of the draw when you are given parents and I couldn't have been luckier". An indifferent student, Powell attended the City College Of New York and obtained a degree in geology. He later spoke of how he "found himself" when he joined ROTC. He later described it as one of the happiest experiences of his life finding something he love ...

See also:

Colin Powell, Colin Powell - Military career, Colin Powell - Dates of rank, Colin Powell - Awards and decorations, Colin Powell - Presidential appointments, Colin Powell - National Security Advisor, Colin Powell - Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Colin Powell - Civilian career, Colin Powell - Secretary of State, Colin Powell - Life after politics, Colin Powell - Political views, Colin Powell - Civilian awards, Colin Powell - Related information

Read more here: » Colin Powell: Encyclopedia II - Colin Powell - Military career

This article describes the positions of world governments prior to the actual initiation of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and not their current positions as they may have changed since then. Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - Background. In 2002, the United States began to campaign for the overthrow of Iraq's dictatorial president, Saddam Hussein. The United States, under the administration of George W. Bush, argued that Saddam Hussein was a threat to global peace, a vicious tyrant, and a sponsor of i ...

Including:

• Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - Background
• Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - Varying levels of support
• Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - Countries supporting the U.S. position
• Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - Europe
• Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - Asia
• Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - Australia
• Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - Opposing U.S. Position
• Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - Europe
• Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - Americas
• Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - Africa
• Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - Asia
• Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - New Zealand
• Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - Neutral unclear
• Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - Ireland
• Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - Taiwan
• Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq - Solomon Islands

Read more here: » Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq: Encyclopedia - Governments' positions pre-2003 invasion of Iraq

United Nations Security Council Resolution 425 was adopted on March 19, 1978, establishing the United Nations Interim Forces In Lebanon (UNIFIL). UN Security Council Resolution 425 - Background. U.N. Resolution 425 was implemented 8 days after the March 11, 1978 Coastal Road Massacre terrorist attack on an Israeli bus in the Tel-Aviv area which resulted in the death of 37 Israelis and the injury of 76 more. The resolution was deemed necessary after the IDF entered southern Lebanon three days later, t ...

Including:

• UN Security Council Resolution 425 - Background
• UN Security Council Resolution 425 - The resolution text
• UN Security Council Resolution 425 - Aftermath

Read more here: » UN Security Council Resolution 425: Encyclopedia - UN Security Council Resolution 425

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559 was a resolution adopted by the United Nations Security Council on September 2, 2004. It called upon Syria to end its military presence in Lebanon by withdrawing its forces and to cease intervening in internal Lebanese politics. The resolution also called on all Lebanese militias (including Hezbollah) to disband. Nine countries voted in favor: Angola, Benin, Chile, France, Germany, Romania, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Six countries abstained: Algeria, Bra ...

Read more here: » UN Security Council Resolution 1559: Encyclopedia - UN Security Council Resolution 1559

The Republic of Lebanon, or Lebanon (لبنان), is a small, largely mountainous country in the Middle East, located at the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east, and Israel to the south, with a narrow coastline along its western edge. The flag of Lebanon features the Lebanon Cedar in green against a wide, white stripe backdrop, with two thinner red stripes alongside. The name Lebanon (also "Loubnan" or "Lebnan") is derived from the Aramaic word laban, meaning ...

Including:

• Lebanon - History
• Lebanon - Civil War 1975-1990
• Lebanon - Cedar Revolution Intifada of Independence
• Lebanon - Withdrawal of Syrian troops
• Lebanon - Politics
• Lebanon - Administrative divisions
• Lebanon - Geography
• Lebanon - Economy
• Lebanon - Demographics
• Lebanon - Culture
• Lebanon - Foreign relations

Read more here: » Lebanon: Encyclopedia - Lebanon

The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War (Hebrew: מלחמת יום הכיפורים; transliterated: Milkhemet Yom HaKipurim or מלחמת יום כיפור Milkhemet Yom Kipur; Arabic: حرب أكتوبر; transliterated: Harb October or حرب تشرين transliterated: Harb Tishrin), also known as the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, was fought from October 6 (the day of Yom Kippur) to October 26, 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Egypt and Syria. The War began with a surprise joi ...

Including:

• Yom Kippur War - Background
• Yom Kippur War - Causes
• Yom Kippur War - Events leading up to the War
• Yom Kippur War - Lead up to the surprise attack
• Yom Kippur War - Lack of an Israeli pre-emptive attack
• Yom Kippur War - The War
• Yom Kippur War - In the Sinai
• Yom Kippur War - On the Golan Heights
• Yom Kippur War - At sea
• Yom Kippur War - Participation by other Arab states
• Yom Kippur War - Armaments
• Yom Kippur War - The cease-fire and immediate aftermath
• Yom Kippur War - Egypt's trapped Third Army
• Yom Kippur War - Nuclear alert
• Yom Kippur War - Northern front de-escalation
• Yom Kippur War - Post-cease-fire negotiations
• Yom Kippur War - Long-term effects of the war
• Yom Kippur War - Fallout in Israel
• Yom Kippur War - Camp David Accords
• Yom Kippur War - Commemorations
• Yom Kippur War - Notes

Read more here: » Yom Kippur War: Encyclopedia - Yom Kippur War

33°30' N 36°18' E The Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية السورية) or Syria (Arabic: سوريا) is a country in the Middle East. It borders Lebanon to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north. Israel occupies the Golan Heights in the southwest of the country; a dispute with Turkey over the Hatay Province now seems to have subsided. Historically, Syria has often been taken to include the terri ...

Including:

• Syria - Name
• Syria - History
• Syria - French occupation
• Syria - Independence to 1970
• Syria - 1970 to 2005
• Syria - 2000 to 2005
• Syria - The events from 2005
• Syria - Politics
• Syria - Government
• Syria - Governorates
• Syria - Geography
• Syria - Economy
• Syria - Demographics
• Syria - Culture
• Syria - Holidays
• Syria - Fairs and festivals
• Syria - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Syria: Encyclopedia - Syria

UNMIL is the acronym for the United Nations Mission in Liberia, a peace-keeping force for Liberia, which was established by Resolution 1509 of the United Nations Security Council in 2003. This followed the resignation of President Charles Taylor and the peaceful transfer of power. UNMIL was proposed to consist of up to 15,000 United Nations military personnel and 1,115 police officers, along with a civilian component. UNMIL - History. Civil war in Liberia claimed the lives of more than 250,000 people ...

Including:

• UNMIL - History
• UNMIL - 1997–2003
• UNMIL - Recommendation for the establishment of a UN peacekeeping mission
• UNMIL - Establishment of UNMIL
• UNMIL - External link

Read more here: » UNMIL: Encyclopedia - UNMIL

1 See Languages section for regional languages 2 Whole territory of the French Republic, including all the overseas departments and territories, but excluding the French territory of Terre Adélie in Antarctica where sovereignty is suspended since the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959 3 Metropolitan (i.e. European) France only 4 French National Geographic Institute data 5 French Land Register data, which exclude lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than ...

Including:

• France - Geography
• France - History
• France - Government and politics
• France - Military
• France - Administrative divisions
• France - Economy
• France - Demographics
• France - Population
• France - Languages
• France - Cities
• France - Culture
• France - Marianne
• France - Religion
• France - Terminology
• France - Origin of the country's name
• France - Meanings of the name France
• France - Miscellaneous topics
• France - International rankings
• France - Notes and references

Read more here: » France: Encyclopedia - France

Colin Luther Powell, (born April 5, 1937) was the 65th United States Secretary of State, serving from January 20, 2001 to January 23, 2005 under President George W. Bush. Nominated by Bush on December 16, 2000 and unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate, Powell became the highest ranking African American government official in the history of the United States (now having been tied by his successor, Condoleezza Rice). As a general in the United States Army, Powell also served as National Security Advisor (1987–1989) and Cha ...

Including:

• Colin Powell - Military career
• Colin Powell - Dates of rank
• Colin Powell - Awards and decorations
• Colin Powell - Presidential appointments
• Colin Powell - National Security Advisor
• Colin Powell - Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
• Colin Powell - Civilian career
• Colin Powell - Secretary of State
• Colin Powell - Life after politics
• Colin Powell - Political views
• Colin Powell - Civilian awards
• Colin Powell - Related information

Read more here: » Colin Powell: Encyclopedia - Colin Powell

Western Sahara (EH in ISO 3166-1) is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, mainly consisting of desert flatlands. It is a territory of northwestern Africa, bordered by the internationally-understood boundaries of Morocco to the north, Algeria in the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. The largest city is El Aaiún (Laâyoune), which is home to a majority of the population of the territory. Western Sahara is on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Terri ...

Including:

• Western Sahara - History
• Western Sahara - Spanish Province
• Western Sahara - Demands for Independence
• Western Sahara - The Referendum Stalls
• Western Sahara - The Baker Plan
• Western Sahara - Western Sahara today
• Western Sahara - Politics
• Western Sahara - Human Rights
• Western Sahara - Subdivisions
• Western Sahara - Geography
• Western Sahara - Economy
• Western Sahara - Exploitation debate
• Western Sahara - Demographics
• Western Sahara - The Spanish census and MINURSO
• Western Sahara - Culture

Read more here: » Western Sahara: Encyclopedia - Western Sahara

1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. 1982 - Events. 1982 - January. January 6 - William Bonin is convicted of being the "freeway killer". January 8 - AT&T agrees to divest itself into twenty-two subdivisions. January 10 - The lowest ever UK temperature of -27.2°C is recorded at Braemar, in Aberdeenshire. This equals the record set in the same place in 1895. January 11 - Mark Thatcher, son of ...

Including:

• 1982 - Events
• 1982 - January
• 1982 - February
• 1982 - March
• 1982 - April
• 1982 - May
• 1982 - June
• 1982 - July
• 1982 - August
• 1982 - September
• 1982 - October
• 1982 - November
• 1982 - December
• 1982 - Unknown dates
• 1982 - Births
• 1982 - January
• 1982 - February
• 1982 - March
• 1982 - April
• 1982 - May
• 1982 - June
• 1982 - July
• 1982 - August
• 1982 - September
• 1982 - October
• 1982 - November-December
• 1982 - Deaths
• 1982 - January-June
• 1982 - July-December
• 1982 - Nobel Prizes
• 1982 - Fields Medalists
• 1982 - Templeton Prize

Read more here: » 1982: Encyclopedia - 1982