Campbell relied on the texts of Jung as an explanation of psychological phenomena, as experienced through archetypes. But Campbell didn’t agree with Carl Jung on every issue, and certainly had a very original voice of his own. Campbell didn't believe in astrology or synchronicity as Jung had. Campbell's true study and interpretation is in the melding of accepted ideas and symbolism. His iconoclastic approach was as original as it was radical. His take on religion has been compared to Einstein's idea of science in his last days, the search ...

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Joseph Campbell, Joseph Campbell - Life, Joseph Campbell - Campbell's original voice, Joseph Campbell - Hero mythology and the monomyth, Joseph Campbell - Influence, Joseph Campbell - Criticism, Joseph Campbell - Works, Joseph Campbell - Quotes, Joseph Campbell - Bibliography, Joseph Campbell - Books, Joseph Campbell - DVD/Discography

Read more here: » Joseph Campbell: Encyclopedia II - Joseph Campbell - Campbell's original voice

Many scientific disciplines are affected by the holistic paradigm. Some of these are widely accepted parts of mainstream science, while others are variously considered to be protoscientific or even pseudoscientific. Holism in science - Systems biology. A fledgling field in which scientists endeavor to harness large quantities of biological data to gain insights into the functioning of entire biological systems (i.e. plants, animals, organisms). See the Systems biology article for more inf ...

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Holism in science, Holism in science - Features considered central to the holistic approach, Holism in science - Opposition to reductionism, Holism in science - Examples of holistic fields of study in science, Holism in science - Systems biology, Holism in science - System dynamics modelling, Holism in science - Complexity theory, Holism in science - Cognitive science, Holism in science - Neural networks and artificial intelligence, Holism in science - Other examples, Holism in science - Writers on holistic science, Holism in science - Holistic science in academe, Holism in science - Opposing views, Holism in science - Bibliography, Holism in science - Articles related to holism, Holism in science - Articles related to the classification of scientific endeavors

Read more here: » Holism in science: Encyclopedia II - Holism in science - Examples of holistic fields of study in science

Sri Aurobindo's view of society and the emergence of a spirit-oriented future existence can be explained as follows: Beyond the physical-based social life of early man (marked by survival, fear, subservience, etc.), the vital-based social life of the past five hundred years (emerging through trade, travel, discovery, adventure, and the fulfillment of the individual needs, wants, and desires), and the currently emerging mental-based age (indicated by freedom, individuality, democracy, education, rationality, technology, and the common man) is the possibility of the eme ...

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Sri Aurobindo, Sri Aurobindo - Early experiences, Sri Aurobindo - Final conversion, Sri Aurobindo - Philosophical and spiritual writings, Sri Aurobindo - The Mother, Sri Aurobindo - Contribution to Hindu philosophy, Sri Aurobindo - Aurobindo's evolutionary philosophy, Sri Aurobindo - Involution, Sri Aurobindo - Evolution, Sri Aurobindo - Other points, Sri Aurobindo - Aurobindo's integral yoga, Sri Aurobindo - Divine Life on Earth, Sri Aurobindo - Aurobindo's influence, Sri Aurobindo - Controvery over Supramental Lineage, Sri Aurobindo - Quotation, Sri Aurobindo - Partial bibliography, Sri Aurobindo - Related links

Read more here: » Sri Aurobindo: Encyclopedia II - Sri Aurobindo - Divine Life on Earth

When Korea was liberated from Japanese occupation in 1945, the celibate ordained members of the main sect of Korean Buddhism, Chogye, to take over for the married monks who ran the temples during the occupation. The new occupiers, however, brought with them their own religions, Christianity in the south and Marxism in the north. Although today there are large Buddhist organizations in Korea, the influences of Marxism, Western secularism, and Christianity continue to grow, which some see as a natural result of ...

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Korean Buddhism, Korean Buddhism - Historical overview of the development of Korean Buddhism, Korean Buddhism - Buddhism in the Three Kingdoms, Korean Buddhism - Goguryeo, Korean Buddhism - Baekje, Korean Buddhism - Kaya, Korean Buddhism - Silla, Korean Buddhism - Buddhism in the Unified Silla period 668-918, Korean Buddhism - Buddhism as state religion in the Goryeo period 918-1392, Korean Buddhism - Suppression under the Joseon dynasty 1392-1910, Korean Buddhism - Buddhism during the Japanese occupation 1910-1945, Korean Buddhism - Buddhism and Westernization 1945-present, Korean Buddhism - Looking Ahead

Read more here: » Korean Buddhism: Encyclopedia II - Korean Buddhism - Buddhism and Westernization 1945-present

The full delineation of his work covers about 2000 pages, and was written almost entirely in isolation from university life. The primary works which describe Heim's theory and its extensions span 4 volumes totalling around 1000 pages. The lengthy nature of the work led many publishing houses to refuse printing, often citing economic concerns regarding profitability. His notation made representation of his work in technical journals substantially difficult to reproduce, and exacerbated the difficulty in getting his work published. All of this has made his work difficult to assess by the scie ...

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Burkhard Heim, Burkhard Heim - Academic and work history, Burkhard Heim - 1940s and 1950s, Burkhard Heim - 1960s, Burkhard Heim - 1970s, Burkhard Heim - 1980s, Burkhard Heim - 1990s to 2001, Burkhard Heim - Early life, Burkhard Heim - Heim's life and health, Burkhard Heim - Legacy, Burkhard Heim - Debate, Burkhard Heim - Support for his theory, Burkhard Heim - Posthumous results, Burkhard Heim - Scientific criticism, Burkhard Heim - Heim in popular culture

Read more here: » Burkhard Heim: Encyclopedia II - Burkhard Heim - Legacy

George Lucas has said that he based the Star Wars series on ideas in The Hero With a Thousand Faces and other works of Campbell. Musician and composer Tori Amos has also acknowledged the influence of Campbell in the ideas on mythology and archetypes she employs on her album projects. Campbell said James Joyce and Thomas Mann were his gurus. (The Power of Myth, Tape 3) Campell's concept for the 'Follow your bliss' idea was influenced by the Sinclair Lewis's character Babbitt, who in the book's last page, laments, " ...

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Joseph Campbell, Joseph Campbell - Life, Joseph Campbell - Campbell's original voice, Joseph Campbell - Hero mythology and the monomyth, Joseph Campbell - Influence, Joseph Campbell - Criticism, Joseph Campbell - Works, Joseph Campbell - Quotes, Joseph Campbell - Bibliography, Joseph Campbell - Books, Joseph Campbell - DVD/Discography

Read more here: » Joseph Campbell: Encyclopedia II - Joseph Campbell - Influence

A great antithesis lies at the basis of all thought and life — that of the real and the ideal, of organism, or sense, and intellect. But the antithesis is not absolute, for in life and being both elements are united — though without its presence life and thought would be impossible. In the actual world the antithesis appears as reason and nature, in each of which, however, there is a combination of its two elements — the ideal and the real — the reason having a preponderance of the first and nature a preponderance of the second. At t ...

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Friedrich Schleiermacher, Friedrich Schleiermacher - Biography, Friedrich Schleiermacher - Philosophical System, Friedrich Schleiermacher - Ethics, Friedrich Schleiermacher - Religious System, Friedrich Schleiermacher - Bibliography

Read more here: » Friedrich Schleiermacher: Encyclopedia II - Friedrich Schleiermacher - Philosophical System

Sri Aurobindo's view of society and the emergence of a spirit-oriented future existence can be explained as follows: Beyond the physical-based social life of early man (marked by survival, fear, subservience, etc.), the vital-based social life of the past five hundred years (emerging through trade, travel, discovery, adventure, and the fulfillment of the individual needs, wants, and desires), and the currently emerging mental-based age (indicated by freedom, individuality, democracy, education, rationality, technology, and the common man) is the possibility of the eme ...

See also:

Sri Aurobindo, Sri Aurobindo - Early experiences, Sri Aurobindo - Final conversion, Sri Aurobindo - Philosophical and spiritual writings, Sri Aurobindo - The Mother, Sri Aurobindo - Contribution to Hindu philosophy, Sri Aurobindo - Aurobindo's evolutionary philosophy, Sri Aurobindo - Involution, Sri Aurobindo - Evolution, Sri Aurobindo - Other points, Sri Aurobindo - Aurobindo's integral yoga, Sri Aurobindo - Divine Life on Earth, Sri Aurobindo - Aurobindo's influence, Sri Aurobindo - Quotation, Sri Aurobindo - Partial bibliography, Sri Aurobindo - Related links

Read more here: » Sri Aurobindo: Encyclopedia II - Sri Aurobindo - Divine Life on Earth

Chakrology is a neologism sometimes employed by Alternative Medicine practitioners or esoteric philosophers for the study of chakras. There are many different chakrologies, some of them based on ancient Indian Hindu Tantric esoteric traditions, New Age interpretations, or Western occult analyses, as well as ancient Greek and Christian references. Croatian esoteric philosopher and physicist Arvan Harvat notes that it would be very difficult to develop a unified coherent chakra science that would integrate all the elements of the various present chakrologies. See also:

Chakra, Chakra - Introduction, Chakra - The Seven Basic Chakras, Chakra - Origins and Development, Chakra - Chakras and the endocrine system, Chakra - Various models, Chakra - The Tantric Chakras, Chakra - Hesychastic centres of prayer, Chakra - Scientific basis, Chakra - References in Fiction, Chakra - Reference Material and Books

Read more here: » Chakra: Encyclopedia II - Chakra - Various models

Within Buddhism, the term rebirth or re-becoming (Sanskrit: punarbhava) is preferred to "reincarnation", as the latter is taken to imply there is a fixed entity that is reborn. However, this still leaves the question as to what exactly it is that is reborn. The lack of a fixed self does not mean lack of continuity. One of the metaphors used to illustrate this is that of fire. For example, a flame is transferred from one candle to another, or a fire spreads from one field to another. In the same way that it depends on the origin ...

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Rebirth Buddhism, Rebirth Buddhism - Rebirth in the context of other religions and other Buddhist beliefs, Rebirth Buddhism - Rebirth as Buddhist Reincarnation, Rebirth Buddhism - Rebirth as Cycle of Consciousness, Rebirth Buddhism - Commentaries

Read more here: » Rebirth Buddhism: Encyclopedia II - Rebirth Buddhism - Rebirth as Buddhist Reincarnation

Early Romantic nationalism was strongly inspired by Rousseau, and by the ideas of Johann Gottfried von Herder, who in 1784 argued that geography formed the natural economy of a people, and that their customs and society would develop along the lines that their basic environment favored. From its beginnings in the late 18th century, romantic nationalism has relied upon the existence of a historical ethnic culture which meets the romantic ideal; folklore developed as a romantic nationalist concept. The Brothers Grimm were inspired by He ...

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Romantic nationalism, Romantic nationalism - Brief history

Read more here: » Romantic nationalism: Encyclopedia II - Romantic nationalism - Brief history

Soon after Campbell's death, Brendan Gill criticized him in an article, "The Faces of Joseph Campbell," published in the New York Review of Books on September 28, 1989, accusing him of "reactionary" political beliefs. Gill reported that some of Campbell's colleagues at Sarah Lawrence came forward to describe Campbell as bristling at the insistence that Biblical myth was history. A National University professor named Tom Snyder wrote an essay in 1991 entitled "Myth Perceptions: Joseph Campbell's Power of Deceit" [1] that accused him of launching a singl ...

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Joseph Campbell, Joseph Campbell - Life, Joseph Campbell - Campbell's original voice, Joseph Campbell - Hero mythology and the monomyth, Joseph Campbell - Influence, Joseph Campbell - Criticism, Joseph Campbell - Works, Joseph Campbell - Quotes, Joseph Campbell - Bibliography, Joseph Campbell - Books, Joseph Campbell - DVD/Discography

Read more here: » Joseph Campbell: Encyclopedia II - Joseph Campbell - Criticism

The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1949) is one of his best-known books: it discusses the monomyth cycle of the hero's journey, a pattern found in many cultures. His four-volume work The Masks of God covers the world of mythology. Campbell's widest popular recognition came with his collaboration with Bill Moyers on the PBS series The Power of Myth, which was first broadcast in 1988, the year after Campbell's death in Honolulu. The series presented his ideas on archetypes to millions and remains a staple on PBS. A companion book, The Power of Myth, containing partial transcripts of their conve ...

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Joseph Campbell, Joseph Campbell - Life, Joseph Campbell - Campbell's original voice, Joseph Campbell - Hero mythology and the monomyth, Joseph Campbell - Influence, Joseph Campbell - Criticism, Joseph Campbell - Works, Joseph Campbell - Quotes, Joseph Campbell - Bibliography, Joseph Campbell - Books, Joseph Campbell - DVD/Discography

Read more here: » Joseph Campbell: Encyclopedia II - Joseph Campbell - Works

The national mood post-9/11 had been compared by some to the time of the start of the Great Depression. Others disputed that, arguing that the 9/11 attacks were "a new Pearl Harbor" that heralded the beginning of a culture shift. Some right-wing and some left-wing intellectuals saw a post-9/11 United States as being more assertive, more militaristic, more unilateral, and more jingoistic. The perceived ...

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Culture war, Culture war - Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America 1991, Culture war - Buchanan's 1992 speech, Culture war - Fourth Turning 1996, Culture war - Campus culture wars, Culture war - After 9/11, Culture war - Battleground issues in the culture wars

Read more here: » Culture war: Encyclopedia II - Culture war - After 9/11

The Critique of Pure Reason is an attempt to answer two questions: "What do we know?" and "How do we know it?". Kant approaches the questions by looking at the relationship between knowledge based on reason (what we know purely logically, prior to or independently of experience, or a priori) and knowledge based on experience (what we know based on the input of our senses or a posteriori). In Kant's view, a priori intuitions and concepts provide us with some a priori knowledge, which also provides the ...

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Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Pure Reason - Kant's rejection of Hume's empiricism, Critique of Pure Reason - Kant's approach, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Aesthetic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Logic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Analytic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Dialectic, Critique of Pure Reason - Terms, Critique of Pure Reason - Intuition

Read more here: » Critique of Pure Reason: Encyclopedia II - Critique of Pure Reason - Kant's approach

Gaia theory is a spectrum of hypotheses, ranging from the undeniable to radical. At one end is the undeniable statement that the organisms on the Earth have radically altered its composition. A stronger position is that the Earth's biosphere effectively acts as if it is a self-organizing system which works in such a way as to keep its systems in some kind of equilibrium that is conducive to life. Biologists usually view this activity as an undirected emergent property of the ecosystem; as each individual species pursues its own self-interest ...

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Gaia philosophy, Gaia philosophy - Predecessors to the Gaia theory, Gaia philosophy - Range of views, Gaia philosophy - Gaia in biology and science, Gaia philosophy - Gaia in the social sciences, Gaia philosophy - Gaia in politics, Gaia philosophy - Semantic debate

Read more here: » Gaia philosophy: Encyclopedia II - Gaia philosophy - Range of views

A text often referred to by writers on holistic science (and by all who recognize the existence of scientific paradigms) is The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Kuhn. While this book does not address holistic science directly, it is relevant because, in it Kuhn originally coined the term "scientific paradigm" and introduced the concept of opposing, or even warring, paradigms in science. The following have written influential books which treat non-reductionist or holistic science: Teilhard de Chardin, F ...

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Holism in science, Holism in science - Features considered central to the holistic approach, Holism in science - Opposition to reductionism, Holism in science - Examples of holistic fields of study in science, Holism in science - Systems biology, Holism in science - System dynamics modelling, Holism in science - Complexity theory, Holism in science - Cognitive science, Holism in science - Neural networks and artificial intelligence, Holism in science - Other examples, Holism in science - Writers on holistic science, Holism in science - Holistic science in academe, Holism in science - Opposing views, Holism in science - Bibliography, Holism in science - Articles related to holism, Holism in science - Articles related to the classification of scientific endeavors

Read more here: » Holism in science: Encyclopedia II - Holism in science - Writers on holistic science

Kashmir Shaivism is a part of the more general Shaivist religion. Sivaism is strictly speaking the oldest spiritual path. The archaeological discoveries at Mohenjo Daro and Harappa reveals Sivaism to have an ancient history of thousands of years. Traces of it can be found under different names in all genuine spiritual paths. In general, it can be said that the Kashmir Shaivism has two main historical periods: one before Abhinavagupta and one after Abhinavagupta. Before Abhinavagupta, the different schools of Shaivism still had ...

See also:

Kashmir Shaivism, Kashmir Shaivism - Siva the Great Initiator and Saviour, Kashmir Shaivism - The Siva Sutra, Kashmir Shaivism - Classification of the written tradition, Kashmir Shaivism - Abhinavagupta the great initiate, Kashmir Shaivism - Trika the concept of trinity, Kashmir Shaivism - The Trika schools, Kashmir Shaivism - History of Kashmir Shaivism, Kashmir Shaivism - Shaivism in relation to other religions or spiritual paths, Kashmir Shaivism - Possibilities of learning and practicing the Kashmir Shaivism today

Read more here: » Kashmir Shaivism: Encyclopedia II - Kashmir Shaivism - History of Kashmir Shaivism

Following the 1974 revolution that led to Haile Selassie's ouster and eventual death in prison, the Soviet Union began to pressure the Derg to create a civilian based vanguard party. Mengistu Haile Mariam, leader of the Derg and head of state of Ethiopia, argued against such a party, stating that the revolution had succeeded without one and that there was no need. However, by the late 1970s, in the face of increasing armed opposition to the Derg's rule, it became increasingly apparent that a civilian party would be required to gain any measu ...

See also:

Workers' Party of Ethiopia, Workers' Party of Ethiopia - The Commission to Organise the Party of the Workers of Ethiopia, Workers' Party of Ethiopia - The formation of the vanguard party, Workers' Party of Ethiopia - Demise

Read more here: » Workers' Party of Ethiopia: Encyclopedia II - Workers' Party of Ethiopia - The Commission to Organise the Party of the Workers of Ethiopia

Spengler attempts to tie race and Culture together, echoing ideas similar to those of Friedrich Ratzel and Rudolf Kjellén. These ideas, which were prevalent throughout German culture at the time, were likely the most significant elements for the National Socialists who would later claim Spengler as an intellectual forebear (despite Spengler's disdain for the Nazis—see: Spengler's The Hour of Decision). Spengler also discusses the national unity of a Culture, a concept to be differentiated from a nation's population. Historic ...

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The Decline of the West, The Decline of the West - Background, The Decline of the West - Impact, The Decline of the West - Overview, The Decline of the West - Spengler's Cultures, The Decline of the West - Phases of rise and decline, The Decline of the West - The meaning of History, The Decline of the West - Culture and Civilization, The Decline of the West - Pseudomorphosis, The Decline of the West - Race and Culture, The Decline of the West - Religion's role, The Decline of the West - The State and Caesarism, The Decline of the West - Democracy media and money, The Decline of the West - Mathematics, The Decline of the West - Criticisms

Read more here: » The Decline of the West: Encyclopedia II - The Decline of the West - Race and Culture

The novel sequence was a product of the nineteenth century, with Fenimore Cooper's works appearing in the 1820s, and Trollope's Barchester books in the 1850s. In French literature, Honoré de Balzac's ambitious La Comédie humaine (a set of nearly 100 novels and plays, with some recurring characters) started to come together during the 1830s. Émile Zola's Rougon-Macquart cycle is a family saga, a format that later became a popular fictional form, going b ...

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Novel sequence, Novel sequence - Definitions, Novel sequence - History, Novel sequence - Contemporary novel sequences, Novel sequence - Examples

Read more here: » Novel sequence: Encyclopedia II - Novel sequence - History

There are three types of microvita. The first type can be seen with a microscope and is referred to as a “virus.” Sarkar prefers the more general class term of microvitum, which better describes the function and meaning of a virus. The second type of microvita is known to us because of the effects they produce in the physical world, even though we cannot see or measure them directly. The third type of virus or microvita can only be seen and understood intuitively. They are so subtle that they can be understood as a type of id ...

See also:

Microvitum, Microvitum - The nature of microvita, Microvitum - Three types of microvita, Microvitum - Seven types of devayoniis positive microvita, Microvitum - Seven types of pretayoniis negative microvita, Microvitum - The types of gandhayaks’inii intermediate microvita, Microvitum - The physics of life, Microvitum - Positive and negative microvita, Microvitum - Microvita and cakras, Microvitum - Problems in understanding microvitum, Microvitum - The future of microvitum

Read more here: » Microvitum: Encyclopedia II - Microvitum - Three types of microvita