Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea

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ARTICLES RELATED TO Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea

Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia - Unconscious mind

The notion of an unconscious or subconscious has been defined in a variety of ways over time, but in psychology it is considered to be the deepest level of consciousness, a part of which we are not directly aware, but still contains elements that affect conscious behavior. As defined by Sigmund Freud, the psyche is composed of different levels of consciousness, often defined in three parts as the waking consciousness, preconsciousness (which can be recalled with effort), and beneath both of these, the unconscious (which is beyo ...

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Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia II - Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea The idea originated in antiquity, and its more modern history is detailed in Henri F. Ellenberger's Discovery of the Unconscious (Basic Books, 1970). Certain philosophers preceding Sigmund Freud, such as Leibniz, Schopenhauer, and Nietzsche, developed ideas foreshadowing the modern idea of the subconscious. The new medical science of psychoanalysis established by Freud and his disciples popularized this and similar notions such as the role of the libido (sex drive) and the self-destructive urge of thanatos (death wish), and the famous Oedipus complex, whe ...

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Read more here: » Mind: Encyclopedia - Mind

Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia - Celtic knot

Celtic knots are a variety of (endless) knots and stylized graphical representations of knots used for decoration, first known to have been used by the Celts. Though Celtic knots were being created in pre-Christian times, these knots are most known for their use in the ornamentation of Christian monuments and manuscripts like the 8th century Book of Kells. Celtic knot - History. Not much history of the knots is available before the beginning of the Christian influence on the Celts in about A.D. 450. There i ...

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Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia - Arthur Schopenhauer

Arthur Schopenhauer (February 22, 1788 – September 21, 1860) was a German philosopher. He is most famous for his work The World as Will and Representation. He is commonly known for having espoused a sort of philosophical pessimism that saw life as being essentially evil, futile, and full of suffering. However, upon closer inspection, in accordance with Eastern thought, especially that of Buddhism, he saw salvation, deliverance, or escape from suffering in aesthetic contemplation, sympathy for others, and ascetic living. His i ...

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Arthur Schopenhauer - Source

Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia - D. H. Lawrence

David Herbert Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was one of the most important, prolific and controversial English writers of the 20th century, whose output spans novels, short stories, poems, plays, essays, travel books, paintings, translations, literary criticism and personal letters. These works, taken together, represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation. In them Lawrence confronts issues relating to emotional health and vitality, spontaneity, sexuality, and instinctive behaviour, making hi ...

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D. H. Lawrence - Life

D. H. Lawrence - Works

D. H. Lawrence - Poetry

D. H. Lawrence - Works about Lawrence

Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia - Chaos magic

Chaos Magick is a relatively new form of ritual and empty-handed magic, utilizing paradigm shifting and inhibitory or excitatory states of consciousness, called "gnosis," not limited to but including meditation, chanting, spinning, dancing, drug use, pain or orgasm. Practitioners hold that they can shape reality using this form of magic. Chaos magic - Pre-History. Austin Osman Spare was initially involved with the Golden Dawn tradition, and its offshoots such as the O.T.O and Aleister Crowley's Argenteum As ...

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Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia - Theosophy

Theosophy is a body of ideas which holds that all religions are attempts by man to ascertain "the Divine," and as such each religion has a portion of the truth. Theosophy, as a coherent system of thought, developed from the writings of Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (also Hélène). Together with Henry Steel Olcott, William Quan Judge, and others she founded the Theosophical Society in 1875. A more formal definition from the Concise Oxford Dictionary describes Theosophy as "any of various philosophies professing to achieve a ...

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Theosophy - Basic Theosophical beliefs

Theosophy - A brief history of Theosophy

Theosophy - Notes

Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia - Free will

Free will is the philosophical doctrine that holds that our choices are ultimately up to ourselves. The phrase "up to ourselves" is vague, and, just like free will itself, admits of a variety of interpretations. Because of this ambiguity, the utility of the concept of free will is questioned by some. Several logically independent questions can be asked about free will. Free will - Determinism versus indeterminism. Determinism holds that each state of affairs is necessitated (determined) by the states of aff ...

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Free will - In theology

Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia - Witchcraft

The term witchcraft (and witch) is a controversial one with a complicated history. Witchcraft is viewed differently in different cultures around the globe. Used with entirely different contexts, and within entirely different cultural references, it can take on distinct and often contradictory meanings. Each culture has its own particular body of concepts dealing with magic, religion, benevolent and harmful spirits, and ritual; and these ideas d ...

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Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia - Soul

The soul, according to many religious and philosophical traditions, is the ethereal substance — spirit (Hebrew:rooah or nefesh) — particular to a unique living being. Such traditions often consider the soul both immortal and innately aware of its immortal nature, as well as the true basis for sentience in each living being. The concept of the soul has strong links with notions of an afterlife, but opinions may vary wildly, even within a given religion, as to what happens to the soul after death. Many wi ...

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Soul - Religious views

Soul - Science and the soul

Read more here: » Soul: Encyclopedia - Soul

Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia - Rudolf Steiner

Rudolf Steiner (February 27, 1861, Murakirály, Hungary (today Donji Kraljevec, Croatia, (Medjimurje county) – March 30, 1925) was an Austrian philosopher, literary scholar, architect, playwright, educator, and social thinker, who is best known as the founder of Anthroposophy and its practical applications, including Waldorf School, Biodynamic agriculture, the Camphill Movement, and the Christian Community. Steiner characterized history as essentially shaped by changes formed through a progressive development of human conscio ...

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Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia - New Age

The term New Age describes a broad movement of late twentieth century and contemporary Western culture, characterised by an individual eclectic approach to spiritual exploration. Collectively, New Age has some attributes of an emergent religion, but is currently a loose network of spiritual teachers, healers, and seekers. The movement is most visible where its ideas are traded—for example in specialist bookshops, music stores, and New Age fairs. The name "New Age" also refers to the market segment in which its goods and servi ...

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New Age - New Age communities

Read more here: » New Age: Encyclopedia - New Age

Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia - Animal language

While the term "animal languages" is widely used, most researchers agree that they are not as complex or expressive as the human language. They argue that there are significant differences separating human language from animal communication even at its most complex, and that the underlying principles are not related. Other researchers argue that an evolutionary continuum exists between the communication methods these animals use and human language. There is a general consensus that human language is more complex than communication between animals. For more on communication among no ...

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Animal language - Literature

Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia - Vulcan Star Trek

Vulcans are a humanoid species in the fictional Star Trek universe who reside on the planet Vulcan and are noted for their attempt to live by reason and logic. They were one of the founding members of the United Federation of Planets. Vulcan Star Trek - Biology. Vulcan Star Trek - Physical and mental attributes. The main external characteristics that distinguish Vulcans from humans are arched eyebrows and pointed ears. Vulcans, like humans, display different archetypal ph ...

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Vulcan Star Trek - Biology

Vulcan Star Trek - Culture

Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia - Gottfried Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (also Leibnitz) (July 1 (June 21 Old Style) 1646, Leipzig – November 14, 1716, Hanover) was a German polymath, deemed a genius in his lifetime and since, and the last true polyhistor. Trained as a lawyer and active as a diplomat and librarian, he wrote on philosophy, science, mathematics, theology, history, and comparative philology, even writing verse. Through his service to two major German noble houses, he played a major role in the European ...

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Gottfried Leibniz - Life

Gottfried Leibniz - Philosopher

Gottfried Leibniz - Mathematician

Gottfried Leibniz - Science and technology

Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia - Bene Gesserit

The Bene Gesserit (from Latin: see the origin of the name) are a key social, religious and political force in Frank Herbert's science fiction universe of Dune. They are a secretive sisterhood who train their bodies and minds through years of physical and mental conditioning, attaining powers and abilities that can seem almost magical. Due to their secretive nature and misunderstood abilities, outsiders often call them witches. Trained at the Mother School on Wallach IX, and later headquartered at the hidden world known a ...

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Bene Gesserit - Strategies and goals of the Bene Gesserit

Bene Gesserit - The training of the Bene Gesserit

Bene Gesserit - Weaknesses of the Bene Gesserit

Unconscious mind - Pre-Freudian history of the idea: Encyclopedia - Demon

In religion, folklore, and mythology a demon or demoness is a supernatural being that has generally been described as a malevolent spirit but outside Christian circles was viewed as a sort of elemental spirit: compare daemon and djinn. A demon is frequently depicted as a force that may be conjured and insecurely controlled. The "good" demon in recent use is largely a literary device (eg: Maxwell's demon). In common language, "demonizing" one's opponent is an aspersion. As the Indo-Iranian Avestan and Vedic traditions and also other branches of Indo-European mythologies show, the not ...