Yoruba mythology is sometimes claimed to be one of the world's oldest widely practised religions. It is a major religion in Africa, chiefly in Nigeria, and it has given origin to several New World religions such as Santería in Cuba and Candomblé in Brazil. Itan is the term for the sum total of all Yoruba myths, songs, histories, and other cultural components. Many ethnic Yoruba were enslaved and taken to Cuba, Brazil, Trinidad and the rest of the New World (chiefly in the 19th century, after the Oyo empire collapsed and the r ...

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Yoruba, Yoruba - Odùduwà, Yoruba - Yoruba mythology, Yoruba - Yoruba cities, Yoruba - History, Yoruba - Precolonial Social Organization, Yoruba - Culture, Yoruba - Sports, Yoruba - Famous Yoruba People, Yoruba - Language Links, Yoruba - Pictures

Read more here: » Yoruba: Encyclopedia II - Yoruba - Yoruba mythology

Amulets vary considerably according to their time and place of origin. Nevertheless, religious objects commonly serve as amulets in different societies, be these the figure of a god or simply some symbol representing the deity (such as the cross for Christians or the "eye of Horus" for the ancient Egyptians). Even today in Thailand one can commonly see people with more than one Buddha hanging from their necks; in Bolivia and some places in Argentina the god Ekeko furnishes a standard amulet, to whom one shoul ...

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Amulet, Amulet - Amulets and talismans in folklore, Amulet - Hermetic talismans

Read more here: » Amulet: Encyclopedia II - Amulet - Amulets and talismans in folklore

Yoruba mythology is sometimes claimed to be one of the world's oldest widely practised religions. It is a major religion in Africa, chiefly in Nigeria, and it has given origin to several New World religions such as Santería in Cuba and Candomblé in Brazil. Itan is the term for the sum total of all Yoruba myths, songs, histories, and other cultural components. Many ethnic Yoruba were enslaved and taken to Cuba, Brazil, Trinidad and the rest of the New World (chiefly in the 19th century, after the Oyo empire collapsed and the r ...

See also:

Yoruba, Yoruba - History, Yoruba - Precolonial Social Organization, Yoruba - Culture, Yoruba - Yoruba mythology, Yoruba - Yoruba cities, Yoruba - Sports, Yoruba - Famous Yoruba People, Yoruba - Language links, Yoruba - Pictures

Read more here: » Yoruba: Encyclopedia II - Yoruba - Yoruba mythology

Capoeira is an martial art developed initially by African slaves in Brazil, starting in the colonial period. It is marked by deft, tricky movements often played on the ground or completely inverted. It also has a strong acrobatic component in some versions and is always played with music. See also: Capoeira music; Capoeira toques ...

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Afro-Brazilian, Afro-Brazilian - History, Afro-Brazilian - Origins, Afro-Brazilian - Cuisine, Afro-Brazilian - Religion, Afro-Brazilian - Capoeira, Afro-Brazilian - Music, Afro-Brazilian - Famous Afro-Brazilian musicians, Afro-Brazilian - Other groups

Read more here: » Afro-Brazilian: Encyclopedia II - Afro-Brazilian - Capoeira

The chief Yoruba cities are Lagos, Ibadan, Abeokuta, Akure, Ilorin, Ijebu Ode, Ijebu-Igbo,Ogbomoso, Ondo, Ota,Ado-Ekiti, Shagamu, Ikenne, Iseyin, Osogbo, Ilesha, Oyo, Ilé-Ifè. Traditionally the Yoruba organized themselves into networks of related villages, towns, and kingdoms, with most of them headed by an Oba [King] or Baale [a nobleman or mayor]. Kingship is not determined by simple primogeniture, as in most monarchic systems of government. An electoral college of lineage heads is usually charged with selecting a member of one of ...

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Yoruba, Yoruba - Odùduwà, Yoruba - Yoruba mythology, Yoruba - Yoruba cities, Yoruba - History, Yoruba - Precolonial Social Organization, Yoruba - Culture, Yoruba - Sports, Yoruba - Famous Yoruba People, Yoruba - Language Links, Yoruba - Pictures

Read more here: » Yoruba: Encyclopedia II - Yoruba - Yoruba cities

Some famous Yoruba people include: Sade Adu, MKO Abiola, Olusegun Obasanjo, King Sunny Ade, Sir Shina Peters, Yinka Ayefele, Majek Fashek, Ebenezer Obey, Hakeem Olajuwon, Bobby Ologun, Gani Fawehinmi, Bola Ige, Obafemi Awolowo, Fela Anikulapo Kuti, Beko Ransome-Kuti, Wole Soyinka, Thomas Adeoye Lambo, Hubert Ogunde ...

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Yoruba, Yoruba - Odùduwà, Yoruba - Yoruba mythology, Yoruba - Yoruba cities, Yoruba - History, Yoruba - Precolonial Social Organization, Yoruba - Culture, Yoruba - Sports, Yoruba - Famous Yoruba People, Yoruba - Language Links, Yoruba - Pictures

Read more here: » Yoruba: Encyclopedia II - Yoruba - Famous Yoruba People

Some famous Yoruba people include: Wole Soyinka, Fela Anikulapo Kuti, Hakeem Olajuwon, Sade Adu, King Sunny Ade, Tunde Kelani, Babatunde Olatunji, Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, Olusegun Obasanjo, MKO Abiola, Sir Shina Peters, Yinka Ayefele, Majek Fashek, Ebenezer Obey, Bobby Ologun, Gani Fawehinmi, Bola Ige, Obafemi Awolowo, Beko Ransome-Kuti, Thomas Adeoye Lambo, Hubert Ogunde, Lagbaja, John Fashanu Seal, Afe Babalola, Bishop Sam ...

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Yoruba, Yoruba - History, Yoruba - Precolonial Social Organization, Yoruba - Culture, Yoruba - Yoruba mythology, Yoruba - Yoruba cities, Yoruba - Sports, Yoruba - Famous Yoruba People, Yoruba - Language links, Yoruba - Pictures

Read more here: » Yoruba: Encyclopedia II - Yoruba - Famous Yoruba People

Spiritism - Spiritism and Christianism. Christianism has been traditionally critic of Spiritism, mostly because the Mosaic Law clearly forbade the Jewish people all forms of communication with the dead (Deut. 18: 10-14). Modern Christian exegesis holds that the supposed spirits of the dead are actually fallen angels. Most of the Christian opposition to Spiritism is found among Evangelical Christians, especially those of Lutheran doctrine, who belive salvation is a free gift of God, which we are unworthy of ...

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Spiritism, Spiritism - Spiritism and Related Religions, Spiritism - Precursors, Spiritism - Fox Sisters, Spiritism - Spinning Tables, Spiritism - Mesmerism, Spiritism - An Overview, Spiritism - Basic Books, Spiritism - Doctrine, Spiritism - Leading a Spiritist Life, Spiritism - Organization, Spiritism - The Role of Spiritism, Spiritism - Spiritism as a Religion, Spiritism - Spiritism as Science, Spiritism - Spiritism and Other Religions, Spiritism - Spiritism and Christianism, Spiritism - Spiritism Through History, Spiritism - Syncretic Religions, Spiritism - See Also

Read more here: » Spiritism: Encyclopedia II - Spiritism - Spiritism and Other Religions

Channelling mediumistic - Books and channelled texts. Several notable books describe the entering of a trance state to allow the dead to speak through the medium or channel, or a spiritual guide to convey messages from other spirit men to listeners (see seance). A New Day Is Dawning: Channelled text allegedly from Jesus, channelled by Diandra founder of www.inwardjourney.com Ask and it is Given: Channelled text, allegedly from Abraham, channelled by Esther Hicks. Co ...

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Channelling mediumistic, Channelling mediumistic - General, Channelling mediumistic - Channelling Definition, Channelling mediumistic - Hypotheses on Channelling, Channelling mediumistic - Books, channelled texts, entities and mediums, Channelling mediumistic - Books and channelled texts, Channelling mediumistic - Entities and mediums, Channelling mediumistic - Channelling in fiction

Read more here: » Channelling mediumistic: Encyclopedia II - Channelling mediumistic - Books, channelled texts, entities and mediums

Brazilian slaves came from a number of ethnic groups, including Yoruba, Ewe, Fon, and Bantu. Slave handlers classified them by the shore of embarkment, so the relation to their actual ethnicity may be accurate or not. As the religion developed semi-independently in different regions of the country, among different ethnic groups, it evolved into several "sects" or nations (nações), distinguished chiefly by the set of worshipped deities, as well as the m ...

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Candomblé, Candomblé - Nations, Candomblé - Beliefs, Candomblé - Syncretism, Candomblé - Rituals, Candomblé - Temples and priesthood, Candomblé - Books

Read more here: » Candomblé: Encyclopedia II - Candomblé - Nations

Demographics of Brazil - Population. 186,112,794 Note: Brazil took a count in August 2000, which reported a population of 169,799,170; that figure was about 3.3% lower than projections by the US Census Bureau, and is close to the implied underenumeration of 4.6% for the 1991 census; estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth ...

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Demographics of Brazil, Demographics of Brazil - Census information, Demographics of Brazil - Demographics, Demographics of Brazil - Ethnic groups, Demographics of Brazil - Health, Demographics of Brazil - Religion, Demographics of Brazil - Languages, Demographics of Brazil - Demographic Breakdown, Demographics of Brazil - Population, Demographics of Brazil - Age structure, Demographics of Brazil - Median age, Demographics of Brazil - Population growth rate, Demographics of Brazil - Birth rate, Demographics of Brazil - Death rate, Demographics of Brazil - Net migration rate, Demographics of Brazil - Sex ratio, Demographics of Brazil - Infant mortality rate, Demographics of Brazil - Life expectancy at birth, Demographics of Brazil - Total fertility rate, Demographics of Brazil - Nationality, Demographics of Brazil - Ethnic groups, Demographics of Brazil - Religions, Demographics of Brazil - Literacy

Read more here: » Demographics of Brazil: Encyclopedia II - Demographics of Brazil - Demographic Breakdown

Spiritism - Spiritism and Christianism. Christianism has been traditionally critic of Spiritism, mostly because the Mosaic Law clearly forbade the Jewish people all forms of communication with the dead (Deut. 18: 10-14). Some Christians hold that the supposed spirits of the dead are actually fallen angels, while others claim that the clear rendering of scripture teaches they are demons. Most of the Christian opposition to Spiritism is found among Evangelical Christians who believe salvation is a free gift ...

See also:

Spiritism, Spiritism - Spiritism and Related Religions, Spiritism - Precursors, Spiritism - Fox Sisters, Spiritism - Spinning Tables, Spiritism - Mesmerism, Spiritism - An Overview, Spiritism - Basic Books, Spiritism - Doctrine, Spiritism - Leading a Spiritist Life, Spiritism - Organization, Spiritism - The Role of Spiritism, Spiritism - Spiritism as a Religion, Spiritism - Spiritism as Science, Spiritism - Spiritism and Other Religions, Spiritism - Spiritism and Christianism, Spiritism - Spiritism Through History, Spiritism - Syncretic Religions

Read more here: » Spiritism: Encyclopedia II - Spiritism - Spiritism and Other Religions

Channelling mediumistic - Books and channelled texts. Several notable books describe the entering of a trance state to allow the dead to speak through the medium or channel, or a spiritual guide to convey messages from other spirit men to listeners (see seance). A New Day Is Dawning: Channelled text allegedly from Jesus, channelled by Diandra founder of www.inwardjourney.com Ask and it is Given: Channelled text, allegedly from Abraham, channelled by Esther Hicks. Co ...

See also:

Channelling mediumistic, Channelling mediumistic - General, Channelling mediumistic - Channelling Definition, Channelling mediumistic - Hypotheses on Channelling, Channelling mediumistic - Books channelled texts entities and mediums, Channelling mediumistic - Books and channelled texts, Channelling mediumistic - Entities and mediums, Channelling mediumistic - Channelling in fiction

Read more here: » Channelling mediumistic: Encyclopedia II - Channelling mediumistic - Books channelled texts entities and mediums

Brazil obtained 37% of all African slaves traded, and more than 3 million slaves were sent to this one country. The Portuguese were the first to initiate the slave trade, and the last to end the slave trade. Starting around 1550, the Portuguese began to trade African slaves to work the sugar plantations once the native Tupi deteriorated. During the colonial epoch, slavery was a mainstay of the Brazilian economy, especially in mining and sugar cane production. The Clapham Sect, a group of Victorian Evangelical politicians, campaigned d ...

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Afro-Brazilian, Afro-Brazilian - History, Afro-Brazilian - Origins, Afro-Brazilian - Cuisine, Afro-Brazilian - Religion, Afro-Brazilian - Capoeira, Afro-Brazilian - Music, Afro-Brazilian - Famous Afro-Brazilian musicians, Afro-Brazilian - Other groups

Read more here: » Afro-Brazilian: Encyclopedia II - Afro-Brazilian - History

A dictionary of parapsychology. Please note that words in grey are hyperlinked to a corresponding archive with articles related to that particular topic.

Candomblé temples are called houses (casas), plantations (roças), or yards (terreiros). Most Candomblé houses are small, independently owned and managed by the respective higher priests (father- or mother-of-saint). A few of the older and larger houses have a more institutional character and more formal hierarchy. There is no central administration. Candomblé priesthood is organized into symbolic families, whose members are not necessarily relatives in the common sense. Each fami ...

See also:

Candomblé, Candomblé - Nations, Candomblé - Beliefs, Candomblé - Syncretism, Candomblé - Rituals, Candomblé - Temples and priesthood, Candomblé - Books

Read more here: » Candomblé: Encyclopedia II - Candomblé - Temples and priesthood

Candomblé is a spiritualist religion and worships a number of gods or spirits, derived from African deities: the Orishas of Yoruba mythology (Ketu nation), spelled Orixás in Portuguese; the Voduns of the Ewe and Fon (Jejé nation); and the Inkices (Minkisi) of the Bantu (Angola nation). These spirits were created by a supreme God: the Olorun (Olorum) of the Yoruba, Zambi or Zambiapo ...

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Candomblé, Candomblé - Nations, Candomblé - Beliefs, Candomblé - Syncretism, Candomblé - Rituals, Candomblé - Temples and priesthood, Candomblé - Books

Read more here: » Candomblé: Encyclopedia II - Candomblé - Beliefs

Over the centuries Candomblé has incorporated many elements from Christianity. Crucifixes are sometimes displayed in candomblé temples, and the African deities were often identified with specific Catholic saints. This syncretism was in part a reaction to Church-inspired persecution by authorities and slave owners, who viewed Candomblé as paganism and witchcraft. Indeed, there are reports of Christian devotional altars being used in early slave houses to hide African cult icons and ritual objects. Even after the end of slavery, the claim t ...

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Candomblé, Candomblé - Nations, Candomblé - Beliefs, Candomblé - Syncretism, Candomblé - Rituals, Candomblé - Temples and priesthood, Candomblé - Books

Read more here: » Candomblé: Encyclopedia II - Candomblé - Syncretism

The candomblé ritual (toque) has two parts: the preparation, attended only by priests and initiates, which may start a week in advance; and a festive public "mass" and banquet that starts in the late evening and ends around midnight. In the first part, initiates and aides wash and iron the costumes for the ceremony, and decorate the house with paper flags and festoons, in the colors favored by the Orixas that are to be honored on that occasion. They also prepare food for the banquet. Some domestic animals are slaughtere ...

See also:

Candomblé, Candomblé - Nations, Candomblé - Beliefs, Candomblé - Syncretism, Candomblé - Rituals, Candomblé - Temples and priesthood, Candomblé - Books

Read more here: » Candomblé: Encyclopedia II - Candomblé - Rituals

Overt syncretism in folk belief is a sign of cultural acceptance of an alien or previous tradition, but the "other" cult may survive or infiltrate without authorized syncresis nevertheless. An example is the fact that some Conversos developed a sort of cult for martyrs who were victims of the Spanish Inquisition, thus incorporating elements of Catholicism while resisting it. Some religious movements have embraced overt syncretism, such as the case of the adoption of Shinto elements into Buddhism. Others have strongly rejected it as devaluing precious and genuine distinctions; e ...

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Syncretism, Syncretism - Social and political roles, Syncretism - Origin of the word, Syncretism - Syncretism in Ancient Greece, Syncretism - Syncretism in Rome, Syncretism - Syncretism in Christianity, Syncretism - Syncretism in Islam, Syncretism - Syncretism in the Bahá'í Faith, Syncretism - Syncretism in the Caribbean, Syncretism - Syncretism in the Enlightenment, Syncretism - Modern syncretic religions, Syncretism - Modern syncretic social movements

Read more here: » Syncretism: Encyclopedia II - Syncretism - Social and political roles

The Cousine Created by the afro-brazilian culture have a wide variety of foods. Within the State of Bahia the predominate cuisine is Afro-Bahian, which evolved from plantation cooks improvising on African, American-Indian, and traditional Portuguese dishes using locally available ingredients. Typical dishes include Vatapá and Moqueca, both with seafood and palm oil. Palm Oil (Brazilian Portuguese: Azeite de Dendê) is a heavy tropical oil extracted from the African palm growing in Northern Brazil. One of the basi ...

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Afro-Brazilian, Afro-Brazilian - History, Afro-Brazilian - Origins, Afro-Brazilian - Cuisine, Afro-Brazilian - Religion, Afro-Brazilian - Capoeira, Afro-Brazilian - Music, Afro-Brazilian - Famous Afro-Brazilian musicians, Afro-Brazilian - Other groups

Read more here: » Afro-Brazilian: Encyclopedia II - Afro-Brazilian - Cuisine

The music created by Afro-Brazilians is a mixture of Portuguese, indigenous, and African music, and in recent times, even some Afro-American music has been incorporated in some kinds of music, making a wide variety of styles. Brazil is well known for the rhythmic liveliness of its music as in its Samba dance music. This is largely because Brazilian slave owners allowed their slaves to continue their heritage of playing drums (unlike U.S. slave owners who feared use of the drum for communications). Here are some genres created b ...

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Afro-Brazilian, Afro-Brazilian - History, Afro-Brazilian - Origins, Afro-Brazilian - Cuisine, Afro-Brazilian - Religion, Afro-Brazilian - Capoeira, Afro-Brazilian - Music, Afro-Brazilian - Famous Afro-Brazilian musicians, Afro-Brazilian - Other groups

Read more here: » Afro-Brazilian: Encyclopedia II - Afro-Brazilian - Music